J/ApJS/242/19 CO outflow candidates toward W3/4/5 complex (Li+, 2019)
CO outflow candidates toward the W3/4/5 complex.
I: the sample and its spatial distribution.
Li Y., Xu Y., Sun Y., Yan Q.-Z., Ma Y., Yang J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 242, 19 (2019)>
=2019ApJS..242...19L 2019ApJS..242...19L
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium; Carbon monoxide
Keywords: ISM: jets and outflows ; ISM: molecules ; stars: formation
Abstract:
Using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7m telescope, we
conducted a large-scale 12CO(J=1->0) outflow survey (over
∼110deg2) toward the W3/4/5 complex and its surroundings. In total,
459 outflow candidates were identified. Approximately 62% (284) were
located in the Perseus arm, including the W3/4/5 complex and its
surroundings, while ∼35% (162) were located in the Local arm, ∼1% (5)
were in the Outer arm, and ∼2% (8) were in two interarm regions. This
result indicated that star formation was concentrated in the Galactic
spiral arms. The detailed spatial distribution of the outflow
candidates showed that the Perseus arm presented the most active star
formation among the study regions. The W3/4/5 complex is a great
region to research massive star formation in a triggered environment.
A key region, which has been well studied by other researches, is in
the eastern high-density W3 complex that neighbors the W4 complex. Two
shell-like structures in the Local arm contain candidates that can be
used to study the impact on star formation imposed by massive or
intermediate-mass stars in relatively isolated systems. The majority
of outflow candidates in the two interarm regions and the Outer arm
are located in filamentary structures.
Description:
The Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) project led by the
Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) is a large ongoing project whose
goal is to map CO and its isotopic transitions toward the Galactic
plane (Su+ 2019ApJS..240....9S 2019ApJS..240....9S). We selected a pilot region of
∼110deg2 (129.75°≤l≤140.25°, -5.25°≤b≤5.25°) to
search for outflows using the data of 12CO (J=1->0) (115.271GHz) and
13CO (J=1->0) (110.201GHz). The 12CO and 13CO molecular lines
were observed from 2011 to 2017 November using the PMO Delingha 13.7m
telescope with the nine-beam superconducting array receiver (SSAR).
A set of semi-automated IDL scripts based on longitude-latitude-velocity
space was used to search for and to evaluate outflows over a large
area. We detected 459 outflow candidates, of which 284 were in the
Perseus arm, 162 were in the Local arm, 5 were in the Outer arm, and
the rest (i.e., 8) were in interarm regions. Many of the identified
outflow candidates were probably multi-outflow candidates resulting
from the limited resolution, especially in regions at distances ≳4kpc.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 48 459 The outflow candidates
table4.dat 74 545 Physical properties of the outflow candidate samples
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See also:
VIII/64 : Westerhout's Catalogue of 82 Discrete Sources (Westerhout 1958)
III/182 : HDE Charts: positions, proper motions (Nesterov+ 1995)
I/254 : The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.2 (Lasker+ 1996)
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
V/125 : Photometry and Spectroscopy for Luminous Stars (Reed 2005)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/A+AS/115/81 : A CS(2-1) survey of UC HII regions (Bronfman+, 1996)
J/A+A/426/503 : High velocity molecular outflows catalog (Update) (Wu+ 2004)
J/AJ/129/393 : UBV photometry in W3 (Oey+, 2005)
J/ApJ/653/1226 : Physical properties of galactic HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)
J/ApJ/668/331 : OH masers in W3(OH) (Fish+, 2007)
J/A+A/472/187 : 12CO outflows towards submm cores in Perseus (Hatchell+, 2007)
J/ApJ/688/1142 : Star formation in W5: Spitzer observations (Koenig+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/415/1202 : BVI photometry in W5E HII region (Chauhan+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/418/2121 : CO 3-2 observations of outflows in W5 (Ginsburg+, 2011)
J/ApJ/743/39 : Spitzer obs. of W3 molecular cloud (Rivera-Ingraham+, 2011)
J/ApJ/733/113 : IRAC observations of IC 1795 (Roccatagliata+, 2011)
J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)
J/A+A/568/A51 : MW global survey of star clusters. III. (Schmeja+, 2014)
J/ApJS/219/20 : Outflows and bubbles in Taurus (Li+, 2015)
J/A+A/581/A39 : MWSC IV. 63 new open clusters (Scholz+, 2015)
J/ApJ/833/193 : MYStIX candidate protostars (Romine+, 2016)
J/ApJS/230/3 : Optical & Spitzer photometry in IC 1805 (Sung+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/L15 : Parallaxes and Proper Motions of OB stars (Xu+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/3 : Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumps (Yang+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/112 : IR photometry of YSOs in the W4 cloud complex (Panwar+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/459] Source Index (G1)
5- 11 F7.3 deg GLON [129.9/140] Degree of Galactic Longitude
13- 18 F6.3 deg GLAT [-4.6/5] Degree of Galactic Latitude
20- 24 F5.1 km/s lowBlue [-81/-0.3]? Lower Blue Line Wing
26- 30 F5.1 km/s upBlue [-80/1.2]? Upper Blue Line Wing
32- 36 F5.1 km/s lowRed [-77.2/15]? Lower Red Line Wing
38- 42 F5.1 km/s upRed [-75.6/10.2]? Upper Red Line Wing
44- 46 A3 --- Qual Quality level; Blue|Red (A=most reliable
outflow candidate) (1)
48 A1 --- Det WISE detection (Y: Yes = 153 occurrences)
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Note (1): Quality level:
A = the most reliable outflow candidates which are typically
high-velocity ones;
B = reliable outflow candidates (which include the majority of the
outflow candidates);
C = outflow candidates whose characteristics were not obvious.
D = outflow candidates with ambiguous outflow characteristics. These
were removed from our sample. For more details of the quality levels
see Li et al. (2018ApJS..235...15L 2018ApJS..235...15L).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/451] Source Index (G1)
5- 8 A4 --- Lobe Outflow candidate "Red" or "Blue" lobe
10- 16 F7.3 deg GLON [129.9/140] Degree of Galactic Longitude
18- 23 F6.3 deg GLAT [-4.6/5] Degree of Galactic Latitude
25- 30 F6.2 km/s Vc [-62/4] Central velocity of 13CO line
32- 36 F5.2 km/s [0.8/12.2] Velocity of outflow
lobe candidate
38- 41 F4.2 pc Lenlobe [0.3/6.1] Length of outflow lobe candidate
43- 47 F5.2 Msun Mlobe [0.01/14.3] Mass of outflow lobe candidate
49- 53 F5.2 Msun.km/s Plobe [0.01/31.2] Momentum of outflow
lobe candidate
55- 60 F6.2 10+36J Elobe [0.01/301] Kinetic energy of outflow
lobe candidate; in units of 1043erg
62- 66 F5.2 10+5yr tlobe [0.6/22] Dynamical timescale of outflow
lobe candidate
68- 74 F7.2 10+23W Lumlobe [0.02/1070] Luminosity of outflow
lobe candidate; in units of 1030erg/s
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Global notes:
Note (G1): The indexes are 1-284 for the Perseus arm, 285-446 for the
Local arm, 447-451 for Interarm 1, 452-454 for Interarm 2
and 455-459 for the Outer arm.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 03-Dec-2019