J/ApJS/246/15 K2 periodic variables in M35 & NGC2158 (Soares-Furtado+, 2020)
A catalog of periodic variables in open clusters M35 and NGC 2158.
Soares-Furtado M., Hartman J.D., Bhatti W., Bouma L.G., Barna T., Bakos G.A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 246, 15 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..246...15S 2020ApJS..246...15S
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Stars, variable; Binaries, eclipsing;
Photometry, UBVRI; Proper motions; Cross identifications
Keywords: Transit photometry
Abstract:
We present a catalog of 1143 periodic variables, compiled from our
image-subtracted photometric analysis of the K2 Campaign-0 super
stamp. This super stamp is centered on the open clusters M35 and
NGC2158. Approximately 46% of our periodic variables were previously
unreported. Of the catalog variables, we find that 331 are members of
M35 and 56 are members of NGC 2158 (Pm>0.5). Our catalog contains
two new transiting exoplanet candidates, both of which orbit field
stars. The smaller planet candidate has a radius of 0.35±0.04RJ
and orbits a K dwarf (Kp=15.4mag) with a transit depth of 2.9mmag. The
larger planet candidate has a radius of 0.72±0.02RJ and orbits a
late G-type star (Kp=15.7mag) with a transit depth of 2.2mmag. The
larger planet candidate may be an unresolved binary or a false alarm.
Our catalog includes 44 eclipsing binaries (EBs), including ten new
detections. Of the EBs, one is an M35 member and five are NGC 2158
members. Our catalog contains a total of 1097 nontransiting variable
stars, including a field δ Cepheid exhibiting double mode
pulsations, 561 rotational variables, and 251 pulsating variables
(primarily γ Doradus and δ Scuti types). The periods of
our catalog sources range between 43 minutes to 24 days. The known
ages of our reported cluster variables will facilitate investigations
of a variety of stellar evolutionary processes.
Description:
The full K2 field of view (FOV) is 115 square degrees and comprises an
angular diameter of six degrees on the sky. The K2 Campaign-0
(hereafter K2C0) super stamp is an aggregate of 154 postage stamp
images that are toggled across a field centered on the open clusters
M35 (NGC2168) and NGC2158. The super stamp is 0.5° in angular
diameter (about the size of M35). The K2C0 field was observed from
2014 March to May. From our initial set of 3960 image-subtracted K2C0
sources, 1143 were identified as periodic variables and have been
added to our catalog. See Section 2.3 for further details.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 524 1143 The periodic variable catalog obtained from
sources in the K2 Campaign-0 super stamp
notes.dat 438 201 Comment on sources
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See also:
B/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/306/361 : UBVI CCD photometry of M35 (NGC 2168) (Sung+ 1999)
J/A+AS/141/371 : Low-mass stars evolutionary tracks (Girardi+, 2000)
J/A+A/376/441 : Absolute proper motions of 112 open clusters (Dias+, 2001)
J/A+A/446/949 : Open clusters proper motions based on UCAC2 (Dias+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/383/1588 : VIc photometry of NGC 2547 low-mass stars (Irwin+, 2008)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJ/691/342 : griBVI photometry in M37 (Hartman+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/4753 : Red giants EWs in 4 open clusters (Jacobson+, 2009)
J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/408/475 : HATNet Pleiades Rotation Period Catalogue (Hartman+, 2010)
J/A+A/523/A48 : Gaia photometry (Jordi+, 2010)
J/ApJ/733/L9 : Stellar rotation for 71 NGC 6811 members (Meibom+, 2011)
J/AJ/145/134 : RVs of 108 stars in Ruprecht 147 (Curtis+, 2013)
J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/ApJ/780/159 : Rotation-mass-ages of old field stars (Epstein+, 2014)
J/A+A/575/A120 : DANCe study of M35 (NGC 2168) (Bouy+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/452/3561 : Kepler EB stars. K2 Campaign 0 (LaCourse+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/447/3536 : Variables in the fields of M35 & NGC2158 (Nardiello+, 2015)
J/AJ/151/66 : Vel. of WOCS 24009 & WOCS 40007 in NGC 6819 (Brewer+, 2016)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A127 : Cassification of RR Lyrae and Cepheid (Molnar+, 2018)
J/ApJS/244/12 : A search for var. stars in M4 with K2 LCs (Wallace+, 2019)
http://keplerscience.arc.nasa.gov/k2-fields.html : K2 Campaign fiels
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- ID HAT source identifier (1)
18- 23 A6 --- --- [UCAC4-]
24- 33 A10 --- UCAC4 UCAC catalog identifier
35- 42 F8.5 deg RAdeg [91.48/92.71] Right Ascension (J2000)
44- 51 F8.5 deg DEdeg [23.3/24.7] Declination (J2000)
53- 58 F6.2 mag Kpmag [9.5/18]?=0 Kepler magnitude (2)
60- 66 F7.4 d Per [0.03/23.7] Best determined period
from periodogram analysis
68- 74 F7.5 mag Amp [0.0002/0.3] Amplitude of the magnitude (3)
76- 84 A9 --- Class Variable classification (4)
86- 92 A7 --- sClass Variable subclassification identifier (5)
94 I1 --- Blend [0/1] Ambiguous blend boolean flag
(1=blend; 0=identified primary variable)
96-102 F7.4 d LSP1 [-1.0/24.4] 1st Lomb-Scargle peak period
104-111 A8 --- LSFAP1 (0/10) 1st peak period formal false alarm
probability
113-118 F6.1 --- LSSNR1 [-1/4549] 1st peak period
signal-to-noise ratio
120-126 F7.4 d LSP2 [-1/25] 2nd Lomb-Scargle peak period
128-135 A8 --- LSFAP2 (8.4e-155/10) 2nd peak period formal
false alarm probability
137-142 F6.1 --- LSSNR2 [-1/2107] 2nd peak period
signal-to-noise ratio
144-150 F7.4 d LSP3 [-1/23] 3rd Lomb-Scargle peak period
152-158 A7 --- LSFAP3 (2.1e-84/10) 3rd peak period formal
false alarm probability
160-163 F4.1 --- LSSNR3 [-1/0.2] 3rd peak period signal-to-noise ratio
165-171 F7.4 d PDM1 [0.03/32] 1st phase dispersion minimization
(PDM) peak period
173-179 F7.4 d PDM2 [0.03/32] 2nd PDM peak period
181-187 F7.4 d PDM3 [0.03/32] 3rd PDM peak period
189-195 F7.4 d BLSP1 [0.15/12]? 1st Box-fitting Least Squares
(BLS) peak period (6)
197-203 F7.5 d BLS1Dur [0.01/0.8]? 1st BLS peak period
transit duration
205-212 F8.5 mag BLS1Dpth [-0.3/0.08]? 1st BLS peak period
transit depth (7)
214-220 F7.4 d BLSP2 [0.06/15.3]? 2nd BLS peak period (6)
222-228 F7.5 d BLS2Dur [0.009/1]? 2nd BLS peak period
transit duration
230-237 F8.5 mag BLS2Dpth [-0.3/0.006]? 2nd BLS peak period
transit depth (7)
239-245 F7.4 d BLSP3 [0.05/15.2]? 3rd BLS peak period
247-253 F7.5 d BLS3Dur [0.009/1]? 3rd BLS peak period
transit duration
255-262 E8.1 mag BLS3Dpth [-0.3/0.006]? 3rd BLS peak period
transit depth (7)
264-268 F5.2 mag Jmag [7.8/20] 2MASS J band magnitude from UCAC
270-273 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0/1] Error in Jmag
275-279 F5.2 mag Hmag [7.2/20] 2MASS H band magnitude from UCAC
281-284 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0/1] Error in Hmag
286-290 F5.2 mag Ksmag [7/20] 2MASS Ks band magnitude from UCAC
292-295 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0/1] Error in Ksmag
297-302 F6.2 mag Bmag [9.9/19.7]?=999 B band magnitude (8)
304-309 F6.2 mag Vmag [9.6/18.7]?=999 V band magnitude (8)
311-316 F6.2 mag Imag [8.9/17]?=999 I band magnitude (8)
318-336 I19 --- GaiaID ? Designated Gaia DR2 identifier for source
match
338-344 F7.1 pc Dist1 [146.9/48310]? Minimum source distance d1 (9)
346-353 F8.1 pc Dist2 [177.7/222223]? Maximum source distance d2 (9)
355-360 F6.1 K Teff [3642/9159]? Gaia DR2 effective
temperature estimate
362-367 F6.1 K e_Teff [3498/8907]? Lower uncertainty in Teff (10)
369-374 F6.1 K E_Teff [3890/9283]? Upper uncertainty in Teff (10)
376-380 F5.1 Rsun Rad [0.5/135.1]? Gaia DR2 radius estimate
382-386 F5.1 Rsun e_Rad [0.4/118.4]? Lower uncertainty in Rad (10)
388-392 F5.1 Rsun E_Rad [0.6/143.8]? Upper uncertainty in Rad (10)
394-399 F6.1 Lsun Lum [0.1/2894.2]? Gaia DR2 luminosity estimate
401-406 F6.1 Lsun e_Lum [0.1/2736]? Lower uncertainty in Lum (10)
408-413 F6.1 Lsun E_Lum [0.1/3052.5]? Upper uncertainty in Lum (10)
415-419 F5.3 mag E(B-V) [0.4/0.9] Schlafly & Finkbeiner
2011ApJ...737..103S 2011ApJ...737..103S E(B-V) value
421-429 F9.5 mas/yr pmRA [-24/83]? Gaia DR2 proper motion along RA
431-439 F9.5 mas/yr pmDE [-57/3.3]? Gaia DR2 proper motion along DE
441-445 F5.1 --- P1M35 [10/100]? M35 membership probability from Gaia
(Cantat-Gaudin+ 2018, J/A+A/618/A93)
447-450 F4.1 --- P2M35 [0/98]? M35 membership probability from
Bouy+ 2015, J/A+A/575/A120 (11)
452-456 F5.1 --- P3M35 [0/100]? M35 membership probability from PM in
Kharchenko+, 2013, J/A+A/558/A53 (11)
458-462 F5.1 --- P4M35 [0/100]? M35 membership probability from CMD
in Kharchenko+, 2013, J/A+A/558/A53
464-468 F5.1 --- P1N2158 [10/100]? NGC2158 membership probability from
Gaia (Cantat-Gaudin+ 2018, J/A+A/618/A93)
470-473 F4.1 --- P2N2158 [0/99]? NGC2158 membership probability from
Dias+ 2006, J/A+A/446/949 (11)
475-479 F5.1 --- P3N2158 [0/100]? NGC2158 membership probability from
PM in Kharchenko+, 2013, J/A+A/558/A53 (11)
481-485 F5.1 --- P4N2158 [0/100]? NGC2158 membership probability from
CMD in Kharchenko+, 2013, J/A+A/558/A53
487-491 F5.1 --- PM35 [0/100]? Overall designated M35 membership
probability (12)
493-496 F4.1 --- PN2158 [0/95.5] Overall designated NGC 2158
membership probability (12)
498-502 I5 --- Match1 [495/61104]? Libralato+ 2016MNRAS.456.1137L 2016MNRAS.456.1137L
source catalog match
504-506 I3 --- Match2 [3/519]? Nardiello+ 2015, J/MNRAS/447/3536
source catalog match
(<[NBN2015] NNN> in Simbad)
508-510 I3 --- Match3 [1/438]? Meibom+ 2009, J/ApJ/695/679
source catalog match
(<Cl* NGC 2168 MMS NNN> in Simbad)
512-514 A3 --- Match4 Mochejska+ 2004AJ....128..312M 2004AJ....128..312M
source catalog match
(<Cl* NGC 2158 MSS VNN> in Simbad)
516-524 A9 --- Match5 VSX catalog (see B/vsx) source match
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Note (1): Source identifier as provided by the Hungarian-made Automated
Telescope Network, also known as the kepid in the K2CO LC dataset.
If the HATID was unavailable, the source was identified solely using
the UCAC source ID.
Note (2): As computed using 2MASS catalog values for sdssg and sdssr.
Calculation follows the hierarchical scheme outlined in the Barbara
A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST).
Note (3): (maximum peak value - minimum peak value) calculated after fitting an
order-3 Fourier series to the differential magnitude time series.
Note (4): Classification as follows:
Transit = candidate transiting exoplanet (2 occurrences);
EB = eclipsing binary (44 occurrences);
Pulsating = 251 occurrences;
Rotating = 561 occurrences;
Misc = a distinct class cannot be identified (285 occurrences).
Note (5): This identifier can provide additional information for rotating and
pulsating variables. Possible subclassification labels include
Transit, EB, Cepheid, DScuti (δ Scuti pulsator), GDor
(γ Doradus pulsator), SPB (slowly pulsating B-star), RotVar
(rotational variable of indeterminate type), and Misc
(indeterminate variable).
Note (6): Values are only listed for candidate EB and transit sources.
Note (7): For HAT-264-0105302 these blanks indicate infinite values.
Note (8): From the UCAC4 catalog which is supplemented with data from 2MASS.
Note (9): Derived from the Gaia DR2 absolute stellar parallax at the
reference epoch and the standard error of parallax.
Note (10): This is the (16th|84th) percentile of the probability
distribution function.
Note (11): Determined with proper motion measurement.
Note (12): Employing the method described in Section 3.4. For NGC 2158 this
includes a King model fit to weight cluster membership according
to the radial distance from the cluster core.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- UCAC4 UCAC catalog identifier
12-438 A427 --- Note Text of the note
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Apr-2020