J/ApJS/247/12 Strong lens models for 37 clusters from SGAS (Sharon+, 2020)
Strong lens models for 37 clusters of galaxies from the SDSS Giant Arcs Survey.
Sharon K., Bayliss M.B., Dahle H., Dunham S.J., Florian M.K., Gladders M.D.,
Johnson T.L., Mahler G., Paterno-Mahler R., Rigby J.R., Whitaker K.E.,
Akhshik M., Koester B.P., Murray K., Remolina Gonzalez J.D., Wuyts E.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 247, 12 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..247...12S 2020ApJS..247...12S
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Gravitational lensing; Redshifts;
Spectra, optical; Velocity dispersion; Infrared; Ultraviolet
Keywords: Galaxy clusters; Strong gravitational lensing; Gravitational lensing;
Dark matter; Star-forming regions; Observational astronomy;
High-redshift galaxies; Spectroscopy
Abstract:
We present strong gravitational lensing models for 37 galaxy clusters
from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Giant Arcs Survey (SGAS). We combine
data from multi-band Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)
imaging, with ground-based imaging and spectroscopy from Magellan,
Gemini, Apache Point Observatory, and the Multiple Mirror Telescope,
in order to detect and spectroscopically confirm new multiply imaged
lensed background sources behind the clusters. We report spectroscopic
or photometric redshifts of sources in these fields, including cluster
galaxies and background sources. Based on all available lensing
evidence, we construct and present strong-lensing mass models for
these galaxy clusters. The clusters span a redshift range of
0.176<z<0.66 with a median redshift of z=0.45, and sample a wide range
of dynamical masses, 1.5<M200<35x1014M☉, as estimated from
their velocity dispersions. As these clusters were selected as lenses
primarily owing to a fortuitous alignment with background galaxies
that results in giant arcs, they exhibit a wide range in Einstein
radii, 1.3"<θE<23.1" for a source at z=2, with a median
θE=10.8".
Description:
The SDSS Giant Arcs Survey (SGAS)-HST program (GO-13003, PI: Gladders)
consists of 107 orbits of HST imaging during Cycle 20 (spanning
2012 Nov to 2013 Oct). Each cluster was imaged with four WFC3 filters
over three orbits. The GO-13003 observations were obtained with both
the near-infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UVIS) channels of the
WFC3 instrument.
We supplement our observations with archival optical WFPC2 data from
programs GO-11974 (PI: Allam) and GO-11100 (PI: Bradac), which were
available for five fields. Subsequent HST programs of some of these
targets acquired grism spectroscopy or additional bands, including
GO-14622 (PI: Whitaker), GO-14230 (PI: Rigby), and GO-14896 (PI: Bayliss).
Several different programs conducted spectroscopy of SGAS fields,
using multiple observatories (see Section 3.2).
In this paper, we present new spectroscopic redshifts from Gemini and
Magellan multi-slit spectroscopic programs. Table 2 lists for each
cluster the best available spectroscopic redshift, from the new
observations described here, supplemented with information from
previous programs including Bayliss+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/8 and
2014ApJ...783...41B 2014ApJ...783...41B), public databases (e.g., SDSS), and the literature.
Spectroscopic observations of SGAS clusters were obtained using the
Gemini North telescope as part of programs GN-2015A-Q-38 (PI: Sharon;
2015 Apr 18,19) and GN-2015B-Q-26 (PI: Sharon; 2015 Oct-2016 Feb)
using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS). We also report
redshifts from program GN-2011A-Q-11 (PI: Gladders; 2011 May-2012 Apr)
of primary arcs and cluster members that were not published elsewhere.
We followed up clusters that are observable from the south, with
DEC<20°, with the Magellan 6.5m telescopes at Las Campanas
Observatory, Chile.
We observed eight cluster fields with the Inamori-Magellan Areal
Camera & Spectrograph (IMACS) on the Baade telescope, using multi-slit
spectroscopy.
We report redshifts in two cluster fields that we observed with the
Low Dispersion Survey Spectrograph 3 (LDSS3) camera on the Clay
telescope.
We report new redshift measurements in three fields: SDSSJ0333-0651,
SDSS J0928+2031, and SDSS J1439+1208, using the Folded-port InfraRed
Echellette (FIRE) on the Baade telescope. The observations took place
on 2013 March 1.
Observations with the Dual Imaging Spectrograph (DIS) on the 3.5m
telescope at Apache Point Observatory (APO) on 2012 January 20 were
used to measure the redshifts of two arcs in this paper.
Observations with the 6.5m Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) using the
Blue Channel spectrograph were obtained on 2014 May 4 (PI: Bayliss)
for one of the targets in this paper, the giant arc in SDSSJ1456+5702.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 94 37 HST-GO-13003 observations
table2.dat 93 37 Cluster properties
table3.dat 113 28 Summary of spectroscopic observations
lensing.dat 149 668 List of lensing constraints for the 37 clusters
(Tables 4-10)
table11.dat 86 158 List of spectroscopic redshifts; updated version
sent by the author
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See also:
II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam, 2015)
J/ApJ/621/53 : Multiple arc systems in A1689 (Broadhurst+, 2005)
J/ApJS/193/8 : Spectroscopy of 26 lensing cluster cores (Bayliss+, 2011)
J/A+A/532/A57 : Redshifts in supercluster SCL 2243-0935 (Schirmer+, 2011)
J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)
J/ApJ/792/45 : SPT-SZ survey galaxy clusters opt. spectroscopy (Ruel+, 2014)
J/ApJ/806/268 : Cheshire Cat galaxies: redshifts and magnitudes (Irwin+, 2015)
J/ApJ/814/L6 : CIII] emission in near & far star-forming gal. (Rigby+, 2015)
J/ApJ/801/44 : HST lensing analysis of the CLASH sample (Zitrin+, 2015)
J/ApJ/834/210 : Spectrosc. of strong lensing galaxy clusters (Carrasco+, 2017)
J/ApJ/853/87 : MEGaSaURA. II. Stacked spectra (Rigby+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/104 : MEGaSaURA. I. The sample and the spectra (Rigby+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Cluster identifier (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 18 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
26 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
27- 28 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
30- 31 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
33- 37 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
39- 49 A11 "date" Date UT date of HST/WFC3 observation
51- 54 I4 s F390W [2256/2420]? Exposure time in WFC3 F390W filter
56- 59 I4 s F475W [2380/2400]? Exposure time in WFC3 F475W filter
61- 64 I4 s F606W [1440/2436]? Exposure time in WFC3 F606W filter
66- 69 I4 s F775W [2380/2424]? Exposure time in WFC3 F775W filter
71- 74 I4 s F814W [1964/2424]? Exposure time in WFC3 F814W filter
76- 79 I4 s F105W [1112/1112]? Exposure time in WFC3 F105W filter
81- 84 I4 s F110W [1112/1112]? Exposure time in WFC3 F110W filter
86- 89 I4 s F125W [1112/1112]? Exposure time in WFC3 F125W filter
91- 94 I4 s F160W [912/1212] Exposure time in WFC3 F160W filter
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/37] Running sequence number
4- 18 A15 --- Cluster Cluster identifier (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
20- 26 F7.5 --- z [0.17/0.7] Spectroscopic redshift (1)
28- 34 F7.5 --- e_z [3e-5/0.009]? z uncertainty
36- 39 I4 km/s sigma [556/1597]? Velocity dispersion
41- 43 I3 km/s e_sigma [69/410]? sigma uncertainty
45- 46 I2 --- Nsp [1/48] Number of spectra used (2)
48- 51 F4.1 10+14Msun M200 [1.5/35.7]? Mass M200 (3)
53- 56 F4.1 10+14Msun e_M200 [0.5/20]? Negative uncertainty on M200
58- 61 F4.1 10+14Msun E_M200 [0.7/32]? Positive uncertainty on M200
63- 88 A26 --- r_z Spectroscopic reference (4)
90- 93 F4.1 arcsec thetaE [1.4/23.1]? Einstein radius (5)
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Note (1): Where spectroscopic redshifts are available for several cluster-member
galaxies, we define the cluster redshift as the mean redshift of these
galaxies. Otherwise, the redshift of the cluster is assumed to be the
redshift of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG).
Note (2): The number of unique cluster-member galaxies with spectroscopic
redshifts that were used to compute the velocity dispersion. We used
the Gapper estimator for clusters with Nsp<15 and the bi-weight sample
variance otherwise (see Section 3.2).
Note (3): M200 masses were calculated from the velocity dispersions based on
the scaling relations found by Evrard+ (2008ApJ...672..122E 2008ApJ...672..122E).
Note (4): References for spectroscopic redshift measurements of cluster
galaxies are as follows:
Carrasco+17 = Carrasco+ (2017, J/ApJ/834/210),
Bayliss+11 = Bayliss+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/8)
Bayliss+14 = Bayliss+ 2014ApJ...790..144B 2014ApJ...790..144B
Irwin+15 = Irwin+ (2015, J/ApJ/806/268),
Johnson+17 = Johnson+ (2017ApJ...843...78J 2017ApJ...843...78J),
Kubo+10 = Kubo+ (2010ApJ...724L.137K 2010ApJ...724L.137K),
Stark+13 = Stark+ (2013MNRAS.436.1040S 2013MNRAS.436.1040S)
SDSS DR12 = Alam+, 2015, V/147
Note (5): The effective Einstein radii (θE) for a source at redshift
zs=2, from the best-fit lens model derived by this work. θE
is calculated as (A/π)^0.5 where A is the area enclosed by the
tangential critical curve.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Cluster identifier (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 40 A24 --- Tel Telescope / Instrument for the spectroscopic
observation(s) if any
42- 71 A30 --- sDate Date(s) of spectroscopic observation(s)
73- 99 A27 s sExp Exposure time(s) for sDate(s)
101-113 A13 --- PID Spectroscopic program ID
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: lensing.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Cluster identifier (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 23 A7 --- ID Image identifier (1)
25- 36 F12.8 deg RAdeg [1.2/341] Right Ascension (J2000)
38- 49 F12.9 deg DEdeg [-9.7/65] Declination (J2000)
51- 58 F8.6 --- zspec [0/5.2]? Spectroscopic redshift
60- 87 A28 --- r_zspec Reference for zspec (2)
89-149 A61 --- Notes Additional notes
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Note (1): The IDs of images of lensed galaxies are labeled as AB.X where A is
a number or a letter indicating the source ID (or system name); B is
a number or a letter indicating the ID of the emission knot within
the system; and X is a number indicating the ID of the lensed image
within the multiple image family.
Note (2): References are as follows:
Bayliss+10 = 2010ApJ...720.1559B 2010ApJ...720.1559B
Bayliss+11 = 2011ApJS..193....8B 2011ApJS..193....8B (Cat. J/ApJS/193/8)
Bayliss+12 = 2012ApJ...744..156B 2012ApJ...744..156B
Bayliss+14 = 2014ApJ...790..144B 2014ApJ...790..144B
Diehl+09 = 2009ApJ...707..686D 2009ApJ...707..686D
Johnson+17 = 2017ApJ...843...78J 2017ApJ...843...78J
Koester+10 = 2010ApJ...723L..73K 2010ApJ...723L..73K
Kubo+10 = 2010ApJ...724L.137K 2010ApJ...724L.137K
Ofek+08 = 2008MNRAS.389..311O 2008MNRAS.389..311O
Rigby+18 = 2018AJ....155..104R 2018AJ....155..104R (Cat. J/AJ/155/104)
Stark+13 = 2013MNRAS.436.1040S 2013MNRAS.436.1040S
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Cluster identifier (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 18 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
23- 28 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
30 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
37- 42 F6.3 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
44- 51 F8.6 --- z [0.18/0.7] Spectroscopic redshift
of cluster-member galaxies
53- 86 A34 --- r_z Reference or Observation ID
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Acknowledgement:
Keren Sharon [University of Michigan]
History:
From electronic version of the journal
* 18-Jun-2020: In table 11, data for SDSS J1604+2244 & SDSS J1209+2640
have been sent by the author.
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 21-Apr-2020