J/ApJS/251/26 CO outflow cand. toward W3/4/5 complex. II. (Li+, 2020)
CO outflow candidates toward the W3/4/5 complex.
II. Feedback from candidate outflows.
Li Y., Xu Ye, Sun Y., Yang Ji
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 251, 26 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..251...26L 2020ApJS..251...26L
ADC_Keywords: Carbon monoxide; Interstellar medium; Molecular clouds
Keywords: Interstellar clouds ; Jets ; Interstellar dynamics ; Star formation ;
Chaos
Abstract:
To date, few studies have focused on protostellar outflow feedback at
scales larger than several parsecs. To address this paucity of
research, we investigate the effects of feedback from CO outflow
candidates on their parent clouds over ∼110deg2 toward the W3/4/5
complex and its surroundings. Our search identified 265 13CO clouds
with radii being ∼0.04-17.12pc. We estimate the turbulent support and
potential disruptive effect of the outflow activities through
analyzing physical properties of outflow candidates and their host
clouds in terms of turbulence and gravitational binding energy. We
find that (1) clouds of larger size might be less affected by
feedback; (2) the possible scale break is ≳4.7pc for both turbulent
support and potential disruptive effect; (3) if outflows couple to
dense gas where stars are forming, for clouds in the Perseus arm, a
scale ≲0.2-0.4pc is sufficient for the energy and momentum injected
by outflow activity to maintain turbulence, while for clouds in the
Local arm, the scale is ≲0.1-0.2pc; and (4) for clouds in the Perseus
arm, a scale ≲0.3-1.0pc is needed for outflow activity to potentially
disperse material away from the natal clouds, while for clouds in the
Local arm, the scale is ≲0.2-0.6pc. The strength of outflow activity
may affect the values in points 3 and 4. Finally, we find that outflow
feedback probably possesses the power to alter the line width-size
relation.
Description:
As stated in Paper I (Li+, 2019, J/ApJS/242/19), the data used in our
analysis cover ∼110deg2 (129.75°≤l≤140.25°,
-5.25°≤b≤5.25°), which were obtained by the Milky Way
Imaging Scroll Painting Project (MWISP; Su+ 2019ApJS..240....9S 2019ApJS..240....9S). The
data of 12CO (J=1->0) (115.271GHz) and 13CO (J=1->0) (110.201GHz)
were observed from 2011 to 2017 November using the Purple Mountain
Observatory Delingha (PMODLH) 13.7m telescope with the nine-beam
superconducting array receiver (SSAR), which works in the sideband
separation mode and employs a fast Fourier transform spectrometer.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 301 268 Correlation among clouds and outflow candidates
table2.dat 93 277 Global physical properties of the clouds
table3.dat 55 277 The effect of feedback of outflow candidates on
their parent cloud
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See also:
VIII/64 : Westerhout's Catalogue of 82 Discrete Sources (Westerhout 1958)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/A+A/499/175 : 12CO(2-1) map of NGC 2264-C (Maury+, 2009)
J/ApJS/219/20 : Outflows and bubbles in Taurus (Li+, 2015)
J/ApJS/242/19 : CO outflow candidates toward W3/4/5 complex (Li+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Reg sub-region (1)
5- 10 A6 --- Seq Cloud Index
12- 18 F7.3 deg GLON [129.9/140]? Degree of Galactic Longitude
20- 26 F7.3 deg GLAT [-4.5/4.9]? Degree of Galactic Latitude
28- 32 F5.1 km/s Vlow [-66/0]? Lower velocity of integral interval
34- 38 F5.1 km/s Vhigh [-58/8]? Upper velocity of integral interval
40- 45 F6.2 Msun Mflow [0.03/186.3] Mass of outflow candidate (2)
47- 53 F7.2 Msun.km/s Pflow [0.05/1470.5] Momentum of outflow candidate (2)
55- 62 E8.2 10-7J Eflow [9.2e+41/1.4e+47] Kinetic energy of outflow
candidate in units of erg (2)
64- 71 E8.2 10-7W Lflow [2.9e+29/4.5e+34] Luminosity of outflow
candidate in units of erg/s (2)
73-301 A229 --- COI Candidate outflow index(es)
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Note (1): Sub-regions as follows:
Per = Perseus arm (cloud indexes 1-136 and "Median")
Loc = Local arm (cloud indexes 137-260 and "Median")
Int = Interarm 1 (cloud indexes 261-265 and "Median")
Note (2): The total outflow mass, momentum, kinetic energy and luminosity
corresponding to each cloud. They are from (Li+ 2019, J/ApJS/242/19),
but here we newly apply the corrections for inclination angle,
blending effect and optical depth. All values have been multiplied by
1.36 to take into consideration the mean molecular weight
(Brunt 2010A&A...513A..67B 2010A&A...513A..67B) instead of the weight of only molecular H2
given in (Li+ 2019, J/ApJS/242/19). The Median values are presented in
the end of these three sub-regions with index of "Median".
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Reg sub-region (G1)
5- 10 A6 --- Seq Cloud Index
12- 18 F7.1 Msun Mcloud [0.1/44942.5] Mass of cloud
20- 24 F5.2 pc Rcloud [0.04/17.12] Radius of cloud
26- 28 F3.1 km/s DVcloud [0.5/4] Line FWHM of cloud
30- 33 F4.2 km/s e_DVcloud [0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in DVcloud
35- 38 F4.1 K Tcloud [5.3/18.3] Excitation temperature of
cloud
40- 42 F3.1 --- Taucloud [0.1/0.7] Optical Depth of cloud
44- 50 E7.1 10-7J Eturb [6.6e+41/3.7e+48] Turbulent energy of
cloud in units of erg
52- 59 F8.1 Msun.km/s Pturb [0.1/129467.5] Turbulent momentum of
cloud
61- 63 F3.1 Myr tff [0.5/5.5] Free-fall timescale of cloud
65- 67 F3.1 Myr tdiss [0.2/7.1] Turbulent dissipation
timescale of cloud
69- 75 E7.1 10-7W Lturb [1.7e+28/1.4e+35] Turbulent dissipation
rate of cloud in units of erg/s
77- 79 F3.1 km/s vesc [0.1/4.8] Escape velocity of cloud
81- 85 F5.1 Msun Mesc [0.2/309.4] Escape mass of cloud
87- 93 E7.1 10-7J Egrav [1.3e+40/1e+49] Gravitational binding
energy of cloud in units of erg
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Reg sub-region (G1)
5- 10 A6 --- Seq Cloud Index
12- 18 E7.1 --- Ef/Et [0.0008/47] Ratio of outflow to turbulent
energies
20- 26 E7.1 --- Pf/Pt [0.00039/12] Ratio of outflow to turbulent
momenta
28- 34 E7.1 --- Lf/Lt [0.003/350] Ratio of outflow to turbulent
luminosities
36- 42 E7.1 --- Ef/Eg [0.0017/2400] Ratio of outflow to gravitational
binding energies
44- 50 E7.1 --- Me/Mc [0.0005/84] Ratio of escape to total cloud
masses
52- 55 F4.1 --- Me/Mf [1.6/34] Ratio of escape to outflow masses
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Sub-regions as follows:
Per = Perseus arm (cloud indexes 1-136 and Mean, Median, Min and Max)
Loc = Local arm (cloud indexes 137-260 and Mean, Median, Min and Max)
Int = Interarm 1 (cloud indexes 261-265 and Mean, Median, Min and Max)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Li et al. Paper I. 2019ApJS..242...19L 2019ApJS..242...19L Cat. J/ApJS/242/19
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 03-Feb-2021