J/ApJS/255/29 The PTF core-collapse SN host-galaxy sample. I. (Schulze+, 2021)
The Palomar Transient Factory core-collapse supernova host-galaxy sample.
I. Host-galaxy distribution functions and environment dependence of
core-collapse supernovae.
Schulze S., Yaron O., Sollerman J., Leloudas G., Gal A., Wright A.H.,
Lunnan R., Gal-Yam A., Ofek E.O., Perley D.A., Filippenko A.V.,
Kasliwal M.M., Kulkarni S.R., Neill J.D., Nugent P.E., Quimby R.M.,
Sullivan M., Strotjohann N.L., Arcavi I., Ben-Ami S., Bianco F., Bloom J.S.,
De K., Fraser M., Fremling C.U., Horesh A., Johansson J., Kelly P.L.,
Knezevic N., Knezevic S., Maguire K., Nyholm A., Papadogiannakis S.,
Petrushevska T., Rubin A., Yan L., Yang Yi, Adams S.M., Bufano F.,
Clubb K.I., Foley R.J., Green Y., Harmanen J., Ho A.Y.Q., Hook I.M.,
Hosseinzadeh G., Howell D.A., Kong A.K.H., Kotak R., Matheson T.,
McCully C., Milisavljevic D., Pan Y.-C., Poznanski D., Shivvers I.,
van Velzen S., Verbeek K.K.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 255, 29 (2021)>
=2021ApJS..255...29S 2021ApJS..255...29S
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Galaxies; Redshifts; Magnitudes, absolute;
Ultraviolet; Photometry, ugriz; Spectra, optical; References
Keywords: Supernovae ; Core-collapse supernovae ; Galaxies ; Galactic and
extragalactic astronomy
Abstract:
Several thousand core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) of different flavors
have been discovered so far. However, identifying their progenitors
has remained an outstanding open question in astrophysics. Studies of
SN host galaxies have proven to be powerful in providing constraints
on the progenitor populations. In this paper, we present all CCSNe
detected between 2009 and 2017 by the Palomar Transient Factory. This
sample includes 888 SNe of 12 distinct classes out to redshift z∼1. We
present the photometric properties of their host galaxies from the
far-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared and model the host-galaxy spectral
energy distributions to derive physical properties. The galaxy mass
function of Type Ic, Ib, IIb, II, and IIn SNe ranges from 105 to
1011.5M☉, probing the entire mass range of star-forming
galaxies down to the least-massive star-forming galaxies known.
Moreover, the galaxy mass distributions are consistent with models of
star-formation-weighted mass functions. Regular CCSNe are hence direct
tracers of star formation. Small but notable differences exist between
some of the SN classes. Type Ib/c SNe prefer galaxies with slightly
higher masses (i.e., higher metallicities) and star formation rates
than Type IIb and II SNe. These differences are less pronounced than
previously thought. H-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and SNe
Ic-BL are scarce in galaxies above 1010M☉. Their progenitors
require environments with metallicities of <0.4 and <1 solar,
respectively. In addition, the hosts of H-poor SLSNe are dominated by
a younger stellar population than all other classes of CCSNe. Our
findings corroborate the notion that low metallicity and young age
play an important role in the formation of SLSN progenitors.
Description:
We retrieved fully reduced SN images obtained with P48 and the 1.5m
(60 inch) P60 telescopes from the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive
and the P60 archive, respectively. We used these data only for the
host-galaxy identification.
Supernova spectra were obtained primarily with the low-resolution
Double Beam Spectrograph (DBSP) on the 5m (200 inch) Hale telescope
(P200) at Palomar Observatory (USA), the Low-Resolution Imaging
Spectrometer (LRIS) on the 10m Keck I telescope on Maunakea (USA), and
the Kast double spectrograph on the 3m Shane telescope at Lick
Observatory on Mount Hamilton (USA). We augmented this data set with
observations detailed in Section 2.1.2 (see Table 8).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 142 888 PTF core-collapse supernova (CCSN) sample
table4.dat 169 888 Results from the host galaxy SED modelling
with Prospector
table8.dat 41 922 Log of the spectroscopic observations
table9.dat 68 11133 Photometry of the PTF CCSN host galaxies
refs.dat 67 44 References
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See also:
II/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) photometric catalog 1.0 (Ofek+, 2012)
II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/687/1201 : SN and LGRB locations in their host galaxies (Kelly+, 2008)
J/ApJ/673/999 : Supernova and host galaxies metallicities (Prieto+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/395/255 : Compact groups of galaxies in SDSS DR6 (McConnachie+, 2009)
J/ApJ/717/342 : Type Ibc SNe in disturbed galaxies (Habergham+, 2010)
J/A+A/518/A29 : Distribution of WR stars in 2 nearby gal. (Leloudas+, 2010)
J/ApJ/736/159 : Photometry monitoring of the SN PTF10vdl (Gal-Yam+, 2011)
J/ApJ/747/L5 : R-band observations of PTF 10vgv (Corsi+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/424/2841 : Morphology of supernova host galaxies (Habergham+, 2012)
J/ApJ/759/107 : Core-collapse SNe and host galaxies (Kelly+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/765/140 : Stacked sp. of SDSS star forming galaxies (Andrews+, 2013)
J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/other/Nat/494.65 : SN 2010mc outburst before explosion (Ofek+, 2013)
J/ApJ/793/38 : Palomar Transient Factory phot. obs. (Arcavi+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/37 : Type Ic SN 2010mb optical photometry (Ben-Ami+, 2014)
J/ApJ/782/42 : Panchromatic observations of PTF11qcj (Corsi+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/2428 : Disturbance levels of SNe host galaxies (Hakobyan+, 2014)
J/ApJ/789/23 : Properties of SN host galaxies (Kelly+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/99 : Sp. of 73 stripped core-collapse supernovae (Modjaz+, 2014)
J/ApJ/797/24 : Imaging observations of iPTF 13ajg (Vreeswijk+, 2014)
J/A+A/581/A125 : UV/Optical/NIR spectroscopy GRB hosts (Kruehler+, 2015)
J/A+A/580/A131 : Circumstellar-interacting supernovae (Taddia+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/458/84 : Host galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae (Angus+, 2016)
J/A+A/593/A68 : PTF12os & iPTF13bvn spectra & LCs (Fremling+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/456/2848 : Properties of 500 SNe and their 419 hosts (Hakobyan+, 2016)
J/ApJ/827/90 : Spectroscopy of SNe Ib, IIb and Ic (Liu+, 2016)
J/ApJ/832/108 : Spectral properties of Type Ic & Ic-bl SNe (Modjaz+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/13 : Host-galaxy UV-NIR data of superluminous SN (Perley+, 2016)
J/ApJ/820/33 : R-band light curves of type II supernovae (Rubin+, 2016)
J/ApJ/837/120 : Lick Observatory Supernova Search revisited (Graur+, 2017)
J/A+A/605/A6 : Photometry of supernova iPTF13z (Nyholm+, 2017)
J/other/Sci/362.20 : iPTF 14gqr (SN 2014ft) photometry (De+, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/100 : LCs of 26 hydrogen-poor superluminous SNe (De Cia+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A37 : Sp. log of (i)PTF stripped-envelope SN (Fremling+, 2018)
J/ApJ/855/107 : PMAS Integral-field SN hosts COmpilation (Galbany+, 2018)
J/ApJ/854/L14 : Photometry and spectra of SN 2017dio (Kuncarayakti+, 2018)
J/ApJ/895/32 : Zwicky Transient Facility BTS. I. (Fremling+, 2020)
J/A+A/637/A73 : Type IIn supernova photometry (Nyholm+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- ID Object identifier
11- 19 A9 --- Type SN type
21- 28 F8.6 --- z [0.0015/0.95] Redshift
30- 38 A9 --- f_z Method to determine z (1)
40- 46 A7 --- OName IAU identifier from the TNS
48- 49 I2 h RAh Hour of SN Right Ascension (J2000)
51- 52 I2 min RAm Minute of SN Right Ascension (J2000)
54- 60 F7.4 s RAs Second of SN Right Ascension (J2000)
62 A1 --- DE- Sign of the SN Declination (J2000)
63- 64 I2 deg DEd Degree of SN Declination (J2000)
66- 67 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of SN Declination (J2000)
69- 75 F7.4 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of SN Declination (J2000)
77- 78 I2 h RAHh ? Hour of Host Right Ascension (J2000)
80- 81 I2 min RAHm ? Minute of Host Right Ascension (J2000)
83- 89 F7.4 s RAHs ? Second of Host Right Ascension (J2000)
91 A1 --- DEH- Sign of the Host Declination (J2000)
92- 93 I2 deg DEHd ? Degree of Host Declination (J2000)
95- 96 I2 arcmin DEHm ? Arcminute of Host Declination (J2000)
98-104 F7.4 arcmin DEHs ? Arcsecond of Host Declination (J2000)
106-112 F7.3 arcsec AOffset [0.017/157]?=-99 Angular SN/Host offset
114-121 F8.4 arcsec e_AOffset [0/2.3]?=-99 Uncertainty in AOffset
123-129 F7.3 kpc POffset [0.02/37]?=-99 Physical SN/Host offset
131-137 F7.3 kpc e_POffset [0/3.3]?=-99 Uncertainty in AOffset
139-142 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0/1.17] The (B-V) color excess
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Method as follows:
GAL.LINES = galaxy lines in SN spectra
MATCHING = SN-template matching
NED = from NASA Extragalactic Database
SDSS = from SDSS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- ID Object identifier (1)
11- 19 A9 --- Type SN type
21- 28 F8.6 --- z [0.0015/0.95] Redshift
30- 35 F6.2 --- chi2 [0.02/175]?=0 The χ2 value
37- 38 I2 --- nof [1/17]?=0 Number of filters
40- 43 F4.2 mag E(B-V)h [0.01/1.53]?=0 Host (B-V) color excess
45- 48 F4.2 mag E_E(B-V)h [0.02/1.01]?=0 Upper uncertainty in E(B-V)h
50- 53 F4.2 mag e_E(B-V)h [0.01/0.8]?=0 Lower uncertainty in E(B-V)h
55- 60 F6.2 mag FUVMag [-20.3/3.3]?=0 Absolute FUV magnitude (2)
62- 65 F4.2 mag E_FUVMag [0.1/8.5]?=0 Upper uncertainty in FUVMag (2)
67- 70 F4.2 mag e_FUVMag [0.06/7.4]?=0 Lower uncertainty
in FUVMag (2)
72- 77 F6.2 mag BMag [-22.5/-5.9]?=0 Absolute B band
magnitude (2)
79- 82 F4.2 mag E_BMag [0.04/6.5]?=0 Upper uncertainty in BMag (2)
84- 87 F4.2 mag e_BMag [0.03/4.7]?=0 Lower uncertainty in BMag (2)
89- 94 F6.2 mag KsMag [-24.17/-11.9]?=0 Absolute KS band
magnitude (2)
96- 99 F4.2 mag E_KsMag [0.05/6.1]?=0 Upper uncertainty in KsMag (2)
101- 104 F4.2 mag e_KsMag [0.04/5]?=0 Lower uncertainty in KsMag (2)
106- 110 F5.2 [Msun/yr] logSFR [-5.7/2.3]?=0 Log Star Formation Rate (3)
112- 115 F4.2 [Msun/yr] E_logSFR [0.07/3.7]?=0 Upper uncertainty in logSFR
117- 120 F4.2 [Msun/yr] e_logSFR [0.05/9.7]?=0 Lower uncertainty in logSFR
122- 126 F5.2 [Msun] logM [5.4/11.3]?=0 Log stellar mass
128- 131 F4.2 [Msun] E_logM [0.04/2.2]?=0 Upper uncertainty in logM
133- 136 F4.2 [Msun] e_logM [0.07/2.4]?=0 Lower uncertainty in logM
138- 143 F6.2 [yr-1] logsSFR [-14.2/-7]?=0 Log specific star-formation
rate
145- 148 F4.2 [yr-1] E_logsSFR [0.16/4.2]?=0 Upper uncertainty in logsSFR
150- 153 F4.2 [yr-1] e_logsSFR [0.09/9.8]?=0 Lower uncertainty in logsSFR
155- 159 F5.2 Gyr Age [0.02/10.53]?=0 Age of the stellar
population
161- 164 F4.2 Gyr E_Age [0.1/6.8]?=0 Upper uncertainty in Age
166- 169 F4.2 Gyr e_Age [0.02/8.2]?=0 Lower uncertainty in Age
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): We omitted modelling the SED of PTF09bce's host because the host
galaxy is severely blended with another galaxy and deblending them
is impossible. These values are are set to zero. The host
identification of PTF12mja is not free of ambiguity. Owing to that
all host properties are set to zero.
Note (2): Not corrected for host attenuation.
Note (3): Corrected for host reddening.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- ID Object identifier
11- 27 A17 --- Tel Telescope/Instrument designations (1)
29- 36 F8.2 d MJD [54910.29/57899.17] Modified Julian Date
of observation
38- 41 A4 --- Ref Reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Telescope/Instrument as follows:
Keck/LRIS = the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the 10m
Keck I telescope on Maunakea (USA; 282 occurrences)
APO/DIS = the Dual Imaging Spectrograph on the 3.5m telescope
at the Apache Point Observatory (USA; 26 occurrences)
P200/DBSP = the low-resolution Double Beam Spectrograph on
the 5m (200 inch) Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory
(USA; 281 occurrences)
Keck/DEIMOS = the optical DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph on
the 10m Keck II telescope (USA; 91 occurrences)
WHT/ISIS = the Intermediate-dispersion Spectrograph and Imaging
System on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (Spain;
56 occurrences)
Lick/Kast = the Kast double spectrograph on the 3m Shane telescope
at Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton
(USA; 42 occurrences)
P60/SEDM = the low-dispersion integral-field spectrograph and imager
SED Machine (SEDM) at the Palomar 60 inch (1.5m)
telescope (USA; 27 occurrences)
KPNO/RC Spec = the Ritchey-Chretien Focus Spectrograph (RC) on
the 4m Kitt Peak National Observatory telescope
(USA; 26 occurrences)
Gemini-North/GMOS = the low-resolution Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on
the 8.1m Gemini telescopes on Hawaii (USA) and
Cerro Pachon (Chile; 23 occurrences)
NOT/ALFOSC = the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph Camera on
the 2.56m Nordic Optical Telescope (Spain; 12 occurrences)
TNG/DOLORES = the Device Optimized for the LOw RESolution (DOLORES) at
the 3.58m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (Spain;
10 occurrences)
Magellan/IMACS = the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph at
the 6.5m Magellan telescope at the Las Campanas
Observatory, Chile (8 occurrences)
UH88/SNIFS = the Supernova Integral Field Spectrograph at
the 88 inch (2.2m) University of Hawaii Telescope
(USA; 7 occurrences)
WHT/ACAM = the Auxiliary-port CAMera (ACAM) on the 4.2m
William Herschel Telescope (Spain; 5 occurrences)
FTN/FLOYDS = the FLOYDS spectrographs at the northern 2m Las Cumbres
Observatory telescope (USA; 5 occurrences)
FTS/FLOYDS = the FLOYDS spectrographs at the southern 2m Las Cumbres
Observatory telescope (USA; 3 occurrences)
HET/LRS = the low-resolution spectrograph at
the 10m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (USA; 3 occurrences)
LDT/Deveny+LMI = the DeVeny Spectrograph at the 4.3m Lowell Discovery
Telescope (USA; 3 occurrences)
Ekar/AFOSC = the Asiago Faint Object Spectrograph Camera at
Ekar Asiago Observatory (2 occurrences)
NTT/EFOSC2 = the ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera-2 on the
3.5m New Technology Telescope (2 occurrences)
SOAR/Goodman = the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph on the 4.1m
Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (chile;
2 occurrences)
VLT/X-Shooter = the optical-to-near-infrared echellete spectrograph
X-shooter on the ESO 8.2m Very Large Telescope (Chile;
2 occurrences)
LT/SPRAT = the SPectrograph for the Rapid Acquisition of Transients
on the 2m Liverpool Telescope (Spain; 1 occurrence)
Lijang/YFOSC = the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera on the
2.4m optical alt-azimuth Lijiang telescope (China;
1 occurrence)
MDM/OSMOS = the Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph on the Hiltner
2.4m Telescope at MDM observatory (USA; 1 occurrence)
Magellan/FIRE = the Folded port InfraRed Echellette spectrograph (FIRE)
at the 6.5m Magellan telescope at the Las Campanas
Observatory, Chile (1 occurrence)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- ID Object identifier
11- 19 A9 --- Tel Telescope/Survey designation
21- 29 A9 --- Inst Instrument
31- 35 A5 --- Filt Filter
37- 41 F5.2 mag mag [7.3/29] Observed AB magnitude in Filter (1)
43- 48 F6.2 mag e_mag [0.05/2.2]?=-99 Uncertainty in mag
50- 68 A19 --- Ref Reference; This paper or ADS bibcode
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Note (1): Not corrected for reddening.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
24- 42 A19 --- Auth First author's name(s)
44- 67 A24 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 19-Apr-2022