J/ApJS/259/12 Dust extinction law in nearby galaxies. I. M31 (Wang+, 2022)
Dust extinction law in nearby star-resolved galaxies.
I. M31 traced by supergiants.
Wang Y., Gao J., Ren Yi
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 259, 12 (2022)>
=2022ApJS..259...12W 2022ApJS..259...12W
ADC_Keywords: Stars, supergiant; Stars, OB; Spectral types; Galaxies, nearby;
Extinction; Photometry, ugriz; Ultraviolet
Keywords: Interstellar dust extinction ; OB supergiant stars ;
Andromeda Galaxy ; Interstellar dust
Abstract:
The dust extinction laws and dust properties in M31 are explored with
a sample of reddened O-type and B-type supergiants obtained from the
Local Group Galaxies Survey (LGGS). The observed spectral energy
distributions (SEDs) for each tracer are constructed with multiband
photometry from the LGGS, PS1 Survey, UKIRT, PHAT Survey, Swift/UVOT,
and XMM-SUSS. We model the SED for each tracer in combination with the
intrinsic spectrum obtained from the stellar model atmosphere
extinguished by the model extinction curves. Instead of mathematically
parameterizing the extinction functions, the model extinction curves
in this work are directly derived from the silicate-graphite dust
model with a dust size distribution of dn/da∼a-αexp(-a/0.25),
0.005<a<5um. The extinction tracers are distributed along the arms in
M31, with the derived Milky Way (MW)-type extinction curves covering a
wide range of RV (∼2-6), indicating the complexity of the
interstellar environment and the inhomogeneous distribution of
interstellar dust in M31. The average extinction curve with RV∼3.51
and dust size distribution dn/da∼a-3.35exp(-a/0.25) is similar to
that of the MW but rises slightly less steeply in the far-UV bands,
implying that the overall interstellar environment in M31 resembles
the diffuse region in the MW. The extinction in the V band of M31 is
up to 3mag, with a median value of AV∼1mag. The multiband extinction
values from the UV to IR bands are also predicted for M31, which will
provide a general extinction correction for future works.
Description:
In this work, O-type and B-type supergiants from the Local Group
Galaxies Survey (LGGS; Massey+, 2016, J/AJ/152/62) are selected to
construct a sample of extinction tracers. By gathering photometric
data from the LGGS, the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT/WFCAM;
Ren+ 2021, J/ApJ/907/18), the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid
Response System release 1 (PS1) Survey (Chambers+ 2016, II/349), the
Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) Survey
(Williams+ 2014, J/ApJS/215/9), the XMM-Newton Serendipitous
Ultraviolet Source Survey (XMM-SUSS; Page+ 2019, II/356), and the
Swift Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (Swift/UVOT;
Yershov 2015, II/339), the SEDs from UV to near-IR bands are
constructed for all the tracers.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 471 140 An extracted list of the selected tracers in the
sample with spectral type, fitting parameters,
derived E(B-V), RV and information about the
observed photometry adopted in this work
table6.dat 206 140 An extracted list of multiband extinction values
for individual tracers
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See also:
B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)
II/339 : Swift/UVOT Serendipitous Source Catalog (Yershov, 2015)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
II/356 : XMM-OM Serendipitous Source Survey Cat. (XMM-SUSS4.1) (Page+ 2019)
II/370 : XMM-OM Serendipitous Source Survey Cat. (XMM-SUSS5.0) (Page+, 2021)
J/A+A/457/637 : UBVJHK synthetic phot. of Galactic O stars (Martins+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)
J/AJ/134/2474 : Ha emission-line stars in 7 dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)
J/A+A/487/131 : JHKs photometry of LPVs in M33 (Cioni+, 2008)
J/ApJ/733/91 : Diffuse interstellar band equivalent widths (Xiang+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/142 : HST photometry of young stars in M31 (Bianchi+, 2012)
J/ApJ/758/133 : Metallicity profile of M31 HII reg. & PNe (Sanders+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/443/2907 : 3D extinction map of northern Galactic plane (Sale+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/449/741 : The massive star population of Cygnus OB2 (Wright+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/459/2262 : Maps of dust distribution in M31 bulge (Dong+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/62 : Revised LGGS UBVRI phot. of M31 & M33 stars (Massey+, 2016)
J/ApJS/241/32 : OB stars from the LAMOST DR5 spectra (Liu+, 2019)
J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)
J/ApJ/893/11 : Massive star variability in M31 from iPTF (Soraisam+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- LGGS ID from LGGS (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
21- 31 A11 --- SpType Spectral type
33- 36 F4.2 --- alpha [2.6/6] Exponent in dust size
distribution
38- 41 F4.2 --- e_alpha [0.03/2.3] Lower uncertainty,
alpha
43- 46 F4.2 --- E_alpha [0.03/1.3] Upper uncertainty,
alpha
48- 51 F4.2 [K] logTeff [4/4.6] Effective temperature, log
53- 56 F4.2 [K] e_logTeff [0/0.2] Lower uncertainty, logTeff
58- 61 F4.2 [K] E_logTeff [0/0.06] Upper uncertainty,
logTeff
63- 66 F4.2 [cm.s-2] logg [2.25/3.51] Surface gravity, log
68- 71 F4.2 [cm.s-2] e_logg [0.06/0.2] Lower uncertainty, logg
73- 76 F4.2 [cm.s-2] E_logg [0.03/0.2] Upper uncertainty, logg
78- 81 F4.2 mag Av [0.3/3] Extinction in V band
83- 86 F4.2 mag e_Av [0.03/0.3] Lower uncertainty, Av
88- 91 F4.2 mag E_Av [0.03/0.4] Upper uncertainty, Av
93- 96 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0.16/1.03] The color excess
98- 101 F4.2 --- Rv [1.9/6.8] The total-to-selective
extinction ratio
103- 104 I2 --- Nbands [5/24] The number of passbands
used in calculation
106- 108 A3 --- pcFlag Flag for the coverage of
passbands adopted in the
calculation (G1)
110- 122 E13.8 10mW.m-2.nm-1 F(UVW2-XMM) ? Source flux in XMM/UVW2 filter
124- 137 E14.8 10mW.m-2.nm-1 e_F(UVW2-XMM) ? Error in F (UVW2/UVOT)
139- 151 E13.8 10mW.m-2.nm-1 F(UVM2-XMM) ? Source flux in XMM/UVM2 filter
153- 166 E14.8 10mW.m-2.nm-1 e_F(UVM2-XMM) ? Error in F (UVM2/UVOT)
168- 180 E13.8 10mW.m-2.nm-1 F(UVW1-XMM) ? Source flux in XMM/UVW1 filter
182- 195 A14.8 10mW.m-2.nm-1 e_F(UVW1-XMM) ? Error in F (UVW1/XMM)
197- 202 F6.3 mag F275Wmag [15.53/19.2]? HST/WFC3 F275W band
VEGA magnitude
204- 209 F6.3 mag F336Wmag [16.5/18.9]? HST/WFC3 F336W band
VEGA magnitude
211- 216 F6.3 mag F475Wmag [16.53/19.7]? HST/ACS F475W band
VEGA magnitude
218- 223 F6.3 mag F814Wmag [16.32/19.4]? HST/ACS F814W band
VEGA magnitude
225- 230 F6.3 mag F110Wmag [16.48/19.5]? HST/WFC3 F110W band
VEGA magnitude
232- 237 F6.3 mag F160Wmag [16.43/19.5]? HST/WFC3 F160W band
VEGA magnitude
239- 244 F6.3 mag Jmag [15.8/19]? UKIRT/WFCAM J band
magnitude
246- 250 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.2]? Error in Jmag
252- 257 F6.3 mag Hmag [15.68/19.5]? UKIRT/WFCAM H band
magnitude
259- 263 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.168]? Error in Hmag
265- 270 F6.3 mag Kmag [15.63/19.6]? UKIRT/WFCAM K band
magnitude
272- 276 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.01/0.3]? Error in Kmag
278- 283 F6.3 mag Vmag [16.14/20.16] LGGS V band
magnitude
285- 289 F5.3 mag e_Vmag [0.003/0.02] Error in Vmag
291- 296 F6.3 mag (B-V) [-0.08/0.8] LGGS B-V color index
298- 302 F5.3 mag e_(B-V) [0.003/0.02] Error in (B-V)
304- 309 F6.3 mag (U-B) [-1.03/-0.18] LGGS U-B color index
311- 315 F5.3 mag e_(U-B) [0.003/0.02] Error in (U-B)
317- 321 F5.3 mag (V-R) [0.001/0.5] LGGS V-R color index
323- 327 F5.3 mag e_(V-R) [0.003/0.02] Error in (V-R)
329- 334 F6.3 mag (R-I) [-0.09/0.6]? LGGS R-I color index
336- 340 F5.3 mag e_(R-I) [0.003/0.02]? Error in (R-I)
342- 347 F6.3 mag gmag [17/20.1]? PS1 g band magnitude
349- 353 F5.3 mag e_gmag [0.002/0.04]? Error in gmag
355- 360 F6.3 mag rmag [17/20.2]? PS1 r band magnitude
362- 366 F5.3 mag e_rmag [0.003/0.03]? Error in rmag
368- 373 F6.3 mag imag [17.2/20.4]? PS1 i band magnitude
375- 379 F5.3 mag e_imag [0/0.04]? Error in imag
381- 386 F6.3 mag zmag [17.26/20.4]? PS1 z band magnitude
388- 392 F5.3 mag e_zmag [0.004/0.1]? Error in zmag
394- 399 F6.3 mag ymag [17.29/20.14]? PS1 y band
magnitude
401- 405 F5.3 mag e_ymag [0.005/0.1]? Error in ymag
407- 417 E11.6 10mW.m-2.nm-1 F(UVW2/UVOT) ? UVOT/UVW2 flux
419- 427 E9.4 10mW.m-2.nm-1 e_F(UVW2/UVOT) ? Error in F (UVW2/UVOT)
429- 439 E11.6 10mW.m-2.nm-1 F(UVM2/UVOT) ? UVOT/UVM2 flux
441- 449 E9.4 10mW.m-2.nm-1 e_F(UVM2/UVOT) ? Error in F (UVM2/UVOT)
451- 461 E11.6 10mW.m-2.nm-1 F(UVW1/UVOT) ? UVOT/UVW1 flux
463- 471 E9.4 10mW.m-2.nm-1 e_F(UVW1/UVOT) ? Error in F (UVW1/UVOT)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- LGGS ID from LGGS (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
21- 31 A11 --- SpType Spectral type
33- 34 I2 h RAh [0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
36- 37 I2 min RAm [37/46] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
39- 43 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
45- 45 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
46- 47 I2 deg DEd [40/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)
49- 50 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
52- 55 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
57- 60 F4.2 --- alpha [2.6/6] Exponent in dust size distribution
62- 65 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0.16/1.03] The color excess
67- 69 A3 --- pcFlag Flag for the coverage of passbands adopted
in the calculation (G1)
71- 74 F4.2 mag A(V) [0.31/2.96] Extinction in V band
76- 80 F5.2 mag A(UVW2) [1.64/11.17] Extinction in UVW2/UVOT band
82- 86 F5.2 mag A(UVM2) [1.59/10.72] Extinction in UVM2/UVOT band
88- 91 F4.2 mag A(UVW1) [1.16/7.37] Extinction in UVW1/UVOT band
93- 96 F4.2 mag A(F275W) [1.13/7.19] Extinction in F275W/PHAT band
98-101 F4.2 mag A(NUV) [1.04/6.55] Extinction in NUV/CSST band
103-106 F4.2 mag A(F336W) [0.76/5.41] Extinction in F336W/PHAT band
108-111 F4.2 mag A(U) [0.67/5.02] Extinction in U band
113-116 F4.2 mag A(B) [0.45/3.87] Extinction in B band
118-121 F4.2 mag A(F475W) [0.4/3.55] Extinction in F475W/PHAT band
123-126 F4.2 mag A(g) [0.4/3.57] Extinction in g/CSST band
128-131 F4.2 mag A(r) [0.26/2.68] Extinction in r/CSST band
133-136 F4.2 mag A(R) [0.23/2.45] Extinction in R band
138-141 F4.2 mag A(i) [0.19/2.15] Extinction in i/CSST band
143-146 F4.2 mag A(F814W) [0.17/2.04] Extinction in F814W/CSST band
148-151 F4.2 mag A(I) [0.15/1.88] Extinction in I band
153-156 F4.2 mag A(z) [0.14/1.75] Extinction in z/CSST band
158-161 F4.2 mag A(y) [0.12/1.59] Extinction in y/CSST band
163-166 F4.2 mag A(F110W) [0.1/1.38] Extinction in F110W/PHAT band
168-171 F4.2 mag A(J) [0.09/1.24] Extinction in J/2MASS band
173-176 F4.2 mag A(F160W) [0.06/0.96] Extinction in F160W/PHAT band
178-181 F4.2 mag A(H) [0.05/0.86] Extinction in H/2MASS band
183-186 F4.2 mag A(K) [0.04/0.59] Extinction in K/2MASS band
188-191 F4.2 mag A(W1) [0.02/0.28] Extinction in W1/WISE band
193-196 F4.2 mag A([3.6]) [0.02/0.26] Extinction in [3.6]/IRAC band
198-201 F4.2 mag A([4.5]) [0.01/0.15] Extinction in [4.5]/IRAC band
203-206 F4.2 mag A(W2) [0.01/0.15] Extinction in W2/WISE band
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Global note:
Note (G1): This is the flag for the coverage of passbands adopted in calculation
U = UV bands (here refers to the passbands bluer than the U band);
V = Visual band (here refers to the passbands from the U to y bands);
I = IR band (here refers to the passbands redder than y band).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Wang et al. Paper II. 2022ApJS..260...41W 2022ApJS..260...41W Cat. J/ApJS/260/41
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Jun-2022