J/ApJS/264/20 OGLE Mira variable stars with WISE & Spitzer data (Iwanek+, 2023)
A three-dimensional map of the Milky Way using 66000 Mira variable stars.
Iwanek P., Poleski R., Kozlowski S., Soszynski I., Pietrukowicz P.,
Ban M., Skowron J., Mroz P., Wrona M., Udalski A., Szymanski M.K.,
Skowron D.M., Ulaczyk K., Gromadzki M., Rybicki K., Ratajczak M.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 264, 20 (2023)>
=2023ApJS..264...20I 2023ApJS..264...20I
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable; Milky Way; Photometry, VRI; Photometry, infrared;
Stars, distances; Extinction; Surveys
Keywords: Milky Way Galaxy ; Galactic bulge ; Galactic center ;
Milky Way disk ; Galaxy structure ; Mira variable stars ;
Pulsating variable stars ; Long period variable stars ;
Asymptotic giant branch stars ; Astronomy databases ; Catalogs ;
Sky surveys
Abstract:
We study the three-dimensional structure of the Milky Way using 65,981
Mira variable stars discovered by the Optical Gravitational Lensing
Experiment survey. The spatial distribution of the Mira stars is
analyzed with a model containing three barred components that include
the X-shaped boxy component in the Galactic center (GC) and an
axisymmetric disk. We take into account the distance uncertainties by
implementing the Bayesian hierarchical inference method. The distance
to the GC is R0=7.66±0.01(stat.)±0.39(sys.)kpc, while the
inclination of the major axis of the bulge to the Sun-GC line of sight
is θ=20.2°±0.6°(stat.)±0.7°(sys.). We present,
for the first time, a detailed three-dimensional map of the Milky Way
composed of young and intermediate-age stellar populations. Our
analysis provides independent evidence for both the X-shaped bulge
component and the flaring disk (being plausibly warped). We provide
the complete data set of properties of Miras that were used for
calculations in this work. The table includes mean brightness and
amplitudes in nine photometric bands (covering a range of wavelengths
from 0.5 to 12µm), photometric chemical type, estimated extinction,
and calculated distance with its uncertainty for each Mira variable.
The median distance accuracy to a Mira star is at the level of 6.6%.
Description:
In this study, we used 65981 Miras discovered in the Milky Way based
on the third (OGLE-III; Udalski 2003AcA....53..291U 2003AcA....53..291U ;
Pietrukowicz+ 2013, J/AcA/63/379 & Soszynski+ 2013, J/AcA/63/21) and
the fourth (OGLE-IV; Udalski+ 2015AcA....65....1U 2015AcA....65....1U &
Iwanek+ 2022, J/ApJS/260/46) phases of the OGLE project. The recently
published collection of Mira-type variables (Iwanek+ 2022, J/ApJS/260/46)
contains 40356 stars from BLG fields and 25625 Miras discovered in
GD fields. The authors provided light curves in the I and V bands from
the Johnson-Cousins photometric system collected from 1996 December
to 2020 March. The collection covers ∼3000deg2 of the sky.
We crossmatched the sample of the Milky Way Miras detected by OGLE
(Iwanek+ 2022) with the AllWISE Multiepoch Photometry Table (data
collected before the telescope hibernation; WISE Team 2020), and with
the NEOWISE-R Single Exposure (L1b) Source Table (NEOWISE Team 2020)
using NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.
We also searched the databases: GLIMPSE I, GLIMPSE II, GLIMPSE 3D,
GLIMPSE 360, Vela-Carina (Zasowski+ 2009ApJ...707..510Z 2009ApJ...707..510Z), Deep GLIMPSE
(Whitney+ 2011sptz.prop80074W), Spitzer Mapping of the Outer Galaxy
(SMOG; Carey+ 2008sptz.prop50398C), and a Spitzer Legacy Survey of the
Cygnus-X Complex (Hora+ 2007sptz.prop40184H) for objects within 1"
around Mira positions using the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.
See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 332 65981 Mean magnitudes, distances, extinction values, and
photometric chemical types for 65981 Galactic Miras
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See also:
II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)
II/337 : VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR1 (Saito+, 2012)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
VII/271 : Properties of Galactic Globular Clusters (Francis+, 2014)
J/A+A/443/143 : Miras in the OGLE Bulge fields (Groenewegen+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/364/117 : OGLE2 Miras in the Galactic bulge (Matsunaga+, 2005)
J/A+A/453/635 : Modelling Gal. Interstellar Extinction (Marshall+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/369/751 : NIR photometry of carbon stars (Whitelock+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/386/313 : IR observations of Mira variables (Whitelock+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/399/1709 : Near-infrared survey of Miras (Matsunaga+, 2009)
J/AcA/59/239 : VI LCs of LMC long-period variables (Soszynski+, 2009)
J/ApJ/721/L28 : Red clump stars in Gal. Bulge from OGLE-III (Nataf+, 2010)
J/ApJ/723/1195 : SAGE AGB candidates (Riebel+, 2010)
J/AcA/63/379 : OGLE-III var. stars in Gal. disk area (Pietrukowicz+, 2013)
J/AcA/63/21 : VI light curves of Galactic LPVs (Soszynski+, 2013)
J/ApJ/795/64 : Exoplanet physical parameters (Foreman-Mackey+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/455/2216 : Outer bulge O-rich Mira's JHKL photometry (Catchpole+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/170 : The M33 Synoptic Stellar Survey. II. Miras (Yuan+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/149 : LMC NIR synoptic survey. V. NIR phot. of Miras (Yuan+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/112 : NIR Mira period-luminosity relations in M33 (Yuan+, 2018)
J/ApJ/884/20 : OGLE-III Mira var. in Magellanic Clouds (Bhardwaj+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/482/5567 : Stellar variability in the Galactic Centre (Molina+, 2019)
J/other/Sci/365.478 : Milky Way classical Cepheids sample (Skowron+, 2019)
J/ApJ/919/99 : WISE & Spitzer obs. of OGLE Miras in the LMC (Iwanek+, 2021)
J/ApJS/257/23 : Multiwavelength obs. of Miras in the LMC (Iwanek+, 2021)
J/ApJS/260/46 : Milky Way Mira variable stars from OGLE (Iwanek+, 2022)
http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/ogle/ : OGLE data
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- --- [OGLE-]
6- 19 A14 --- OGLE Star identifier as in
Iwanek+ 2022, J/ApJS/260/46
21- 27 F7.2 d Per [64.23/1748] Pulsation period, P
29- 30 I2 h RAh [5/19] Hour of Right ascension (J2000)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Minute of Right ascension (J2000)
35- 39 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right ascension (J2000)
41 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
42- 43 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
45- 46 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
48- 51 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
53- 62 F10.6 deg GLON Galactic longitude
64- 73 F10.6 deg GLAT [-16.12/16.2] Galactic latitude
75- 77 A3 --- Loc Location of the star in the Milky Way (1)
79 A1 --- Type Surface chemistry type of Miras (O or C)
81- 86 F6.3 mag Imag [9.5/20.9] Mean OGLE I-band magnitude
88- 93 F6.3 mag Iamp [0.8/23] OGLE I-band brightness amplitude
95- 101 F7.3 mag Vmag [12.7/23.3]?=-99.999 Mean OGLE V-band
magnitude
103- 109 F7.3 mag Vamp [1.2/13.8]?=-99.999 OGLE V-band brightness
amplitude
111- 117 F7.3 mag W1mag [4/12.4]?=-99.999 Mean WISE W1-band magnitude
119- 125 F7.3 mag e_W1mag [0.02/1.3]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in W1mag
127- 133 F7.3 mag W1amp [0.12/7.12]?=-99.999 WISE W1-band brightness
amplitude
135- 141 F7.3 mag W2mag [3/11.5]?=-99.999 Mean WISE W2-band magnitude
143- 149 F7.3 mag e_W2mag [0.014/1.8]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in W2mag
151- 157 F7.3 mag W2amp [0.07/6.8]?=-99.999 WISE W2-band brightness
amplitude
159- 165 F7.3 mag W3mag [0.007/10.4]?=-99.999 Mean WISE W3-band
magnitude
167- 173 F7.3 mag e_W3mag [0.024/3.8]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in W3mag
175- 181 F7.3 mag W3amp [0.048/7.41]?=-99.999 WISE W3-band brightness
amplitude
183- 189 F7.3 mag 3.6mag [6/12]?=-99.999 Mean Spitzer [3.6]-band
magnitude
191- 197 F7.3 mag e_3.6mag [0.12/1.6]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in 3.6mag
199- 205 F7.3 mag 3.6amp [0.24/2.25]?=-99.999 Spitzer [3.6]-band
brightness amplitude
207- 213 F7.3 mag 4.5mag [5.5/12]?=-99.999 Mean Spitzer [4.5]-band
magnitude
215- 221 F7.3 mag e_4.5mag [0.12/1.6]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in 4.5mag
223- 229 F7.3 mag 4.5amp [0.2/2.2]?=-99.999 Spitzer [4.5]-band
brightness amplitude
231- 237 F7.3 mag 5.8mag [4/11.8]?=-99.999 Mean Spitzer [5.8]-band
magnitude
239- 245 F7.3 mag e_5.8mag [0.12/2]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in 5.8mag
247- 253 F7.3 mag 5.8amp [0.24/2.7]?=-99.999 Spitzer [5.8]-band
brightness amplitude
255- 261 F7.3 mag 8.0mag [4/11.9]?=-99.999 Mean Spitzer [8.0]-band
magnitude
263- 269 F7.3 mag e_8.0mag [0.12/1.8]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in 8.0mag
271- 277 F7.3 mag 8.0amp [0.24/2.6]?=-99.999 Spitzer [8.0]-band
brightness amplitude
279- 285 F7.3 mag AKs [0/4.9]?=-99.999 Extinction in the Ks band
287- 296 F10.3 pc Dist [346/309770]?=-99.999 Distance to the star
298- 306 F9.3 pc e_Dist [86/32048]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in Dist
308- 314 F7.3 mag mu [7.69/22.5]?=-99.999 Distance modulus of the
star
316- 322 F7.3 mag e_mu [0.08/2.5]?=-99.999 Uncertainty in mu
324 I1 --- N [0/7] Number of mid-IR measurements used for
distance and extinction calculations
326- 332 F7.3 --- Mask [-99.999/1] Mask flag indicating if the star
is inside or outside mask (2)
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Note (1): Region of the Milky Way toward which the star is observed:
"BLG" for the Galactic bulge (40356 occurrences) or
"GD" for the Galactic disk (25625 occurrences).
Note (2): Mask flag as follows:
0.000 = the star is inside the mask
1.000 = the star is outside the mask
-99.999 = the star is not located in the analyzed cuboid
More information about the mask flag and analyzed cuboid can be found
in Section 6.2.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 08-Mar-2023