J/ApJS/265/57 Early-type dwarf galaxies in the local universe (Paudel+, 2023)
An extensive catalog of early-type dwarf galaxies in the local universe:
morphology and environment.
Paudel S., Yoon S.-J., Yoo J., Smith R., Chhatkuli D.N.,
Kumar Bachchan R., Aryal B., Adhikari B., Adhikari N., Sedain A.,
Sheikh S., Dhital S., Giri A., Baral R.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 265, 57 (2023)>
=2023ApJS..265...57P 2023ApJS..265...57P
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, dwarf; Galaxies, nearby; Clusters, galaxy;
Magnitudes, absolute; Redshifts; Morphology; Photometry; Optical
Keywords: Dwarf galaxies ; Early-type galaxies ;
Low surface brightness galaxies ; Galaxy nuclei ; Galaxy groups ;
Galaxy clusters ; Field galaxies
Abstract:
We present an extensive catalog of 5405 early-type dwarf (dE) galaxies
located in the various environments, i.e., clusters, groups, and
fields, of the local universe (z<0.01). The dEs are selected through
visual inspection of the Legacy survey's g-r-z combined tricolor
images. The inspected area, covering a total sky area of 7643deg2,
encompasses two local clusters (Virgo and Fornax), 265 groups, and the
regions around 586 field galaxies of MK<-21 mag. The catalog aims
to be one of the most extensive and publicly accessible collections of
data on dEs, despite its complex completeness limits, which may not
accurately represent its statistical completeness. The strength of the
catalog lies in the morphological characteristics, including
nucleated, tidal, and ultradiffuse dEs. The two clusters contribute
nearly half (2437 out of 5405) of the dEs, and the 265 groups
contribute 2103 dEs. There are 864 dEs in 586 fields, i.e., ∼1.47 dEs
per field. Using a standard definition commonly used in literature, we
identify 100 ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs), which compose ∼2% of the dE
population. We find that 40% of our sample dEs harbor a central
nucleus, and among the UDG population, a majority (79%) are
nonnucleated. About 1.3% of dEs suffer from ongoing tidal disturbance
by nearby massive galaxies, and only 0.03% show a sign of recent
dwarf-dwarf mergers. The association between dEs and their nearest
bright neighbor galaxies suggests that dEs are more likely created
where their neighbors are non-star-forming ones.
Description:
We first used the publicly available imaging and spectroscopic data of
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to identify pure red and dead
dwarf galaxies, selecting all dwarf galaxies of Mg>-18mag and
visually classifying them as early-type dwarf (dE).
We consider the distance to the dE similar to their host cluster,
group, or field. We consider 16.5 and 17.5Mpc distance for the Virgo
and Fornax Clusters, and for the group we obtained it from Makarov &
Karachentsev (2011, J/MNRAS/412/2498). For the field galaxies that do
not belong to any group or cluster we use Hubble flow distance, using
a standard cosmology with H0=71km/s/Mpc, Ωm=0.3, and
ΩΛ=0.7.
See Section 2.
Once we finalized the source catalog, we performed the image analysis
and measured the photometric and structural parameters. For this
purpose, we exclusively used the g-band stacked images provided by the
Legacy survey. See Section 3.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 83 5404 Catalog
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See also:
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
VII/292 : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8 (Duncan, 2022)
J/AJ/90/1681 : The Virgo Cluster Catalog (VCC) (Binggeli+, 1985)
J/ApJ/660/1186 : VCC galaxies classification with SDSS (Lisker+, 2007)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/412/2498 : Galaxy groups & clouds in local universe (Makarov+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)
J/A+A/608/A142 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. III. LSB gal. (Venhola+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS) II (Eigenthaler+, 2018)
J/ApJS/237/36 : Merging dwarf galaxies in the local universe (Paudel+, 2018)
J/ApJ/878/18 : NGVS. XXIII. Nuclear star clusters (Sanchez-Janssen+, 2019)
J/ApJS/245/10 : Galaxies in direction of Perseus (Wittmann+, 2019)
J/ApJ/890/128 : NGVS. XIV. Bona fide Virgo members (Ferrarese+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/491/1901 : Dwarf gal. in the MATLAS low-density fields (Habas+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A106 : MUSE MATLAS-2019 spectral datacube (Mueller+, 2020)
J/A+A/654/A105 : MATLAS ultra diffuse galaxies (Marleau+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/506/5494 : MATLAS dwarfs structure and morphology (Poulain+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A100 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. XI. (Su+, 2021)
J/ApJS/257/60 : SMUDGes. II. Stripe 82 (Zaritsky+, 2021)
J/A+A/659/A92 : HydraI galaxy cluster dwarf catalog (HCDC) (La Marca+, 2022)
http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS home page
http://www.legacysurvey.org/ : DESI Legacy Surveys home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID Object identifier (HHMMSS+DDMMSS; J2000)
15- 22 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 31 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-68/80.2] Declination (J2000)
33- 37 F5.2 mag gmag [12.8/22.8] Apparent g band magnitude
39- 44 F6.2 mag gMag [-18.7/-5.5] Absolute g band magnitude
46- 50 F5.2 mag/arcsec mu [15/28] Mean g band surface brightness
52- 55 F4.2 kpc PRh [0.02/5] Half-light physical radius
57- 61 F5.2 arcsec ARh [0.38/37] Half-light angular radius
63- 69 F7.4 --- z [-0.004/0.012]?=9.9999 Redshift
71- 71 I1 --- Nuc [0/2] Nucleated? (1=nucleated)
73- 74 A2 --- Class The dE morphological sub-class (1)
76- 76 I1 --- Env [1/3] Environment type (2)
78- 83 I6 --- PGC [218/144017] Host PGC identifier
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Note (1): We carefully examine early-type dwarf (dE) galaxy images and
classify them according to their low surface brightness and color
characteristics. Categories as follows:
ND = normal dEs: rest of dEs, which are not classified by any of the
other classifiers (4952 occurrences)
BC = blue core: sign of recent star-forming activity (289 occurrences)
UD = ultradiffuse galaxy (96 occurrences)
TS = tidal stream: tidally stretched dE due to interaction with a nearby
massive galaxy (40 occurrences)
SP = spiral arm: presence of a spiral arm or bar commonly called disk
feature dEs (14 occurrences)
MD = merging dwarf (9 occurrences)
HD = Disk-Halo: dEs that possess a prominent edge-on disk with a rounder
and diffuse stellar halo (4 occurrences)
See Section 4.4.
Note (2): Environment type as follows:
1 = cluster (2437 occurrences)
2 = group (2103 occurrences)
3 = field (864 occurrences)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-May-2023