J/ApJS/272/32 TKS. XX. Exoplanet masses & orbit parameters (Polanski+, 2024)
The TESS-Keck Survey.
XX. 15 new TESS planets and a uniform RV analysis of all survey targets.
Polanski A.S., Lubin J., Beard C., Akana Murphy J.M., Rubenzahl R.,
Hill M.L., Crossfield I.J.M., Chontos A., Robertson P., Isaacson H.,
Kane S.R., Ciardi D.R., Batalha N.M., Dressing C., Fulton B., Howard A.W.,
Huber D., Petigura E.A., Weiss L.M., Angelo I., Behmard A., Blunt S.,
Brinkman C.L., Dai F., Dalba P.A., Fetherolf T., Giacalone S.,
Hirsch L.A., Holcomb R., Kosiarek M.R., Mayo A.W., MacDougall M.G.,
Mocnik T., Pidhorodetska D., Rice M., Rosenthal L.J., Scarsdale N.,
Turtelboom E.V., Tyler D., Van Zandt J., Yee S.W., Coria D.R., Dulz S.D.,
Hartman J.D., Householder A., Lange S., Langford A., Louden E.M.,
Siegel J.C., Gilbert E.A., Gonzales E.J., Schlieder J.E., Boyle A.W.,
Christiansen J.L., Clark C.A., Fernandes R.B., Lund M.B., Savel A.B.,
Gill H., Beichman C., Matson R., Matthews E.C., Furlan E., Howell S.B.,
Scott N.J., Everett M.E., Livingston J.H., Ershova I.O., Cheryasov D.V.,
Safonov B., Lillo-Box J., Barrado D., Morales-Calderon M.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 272, 32 (2024)>
=2024ApJS..272...32P 2024ApJS..272...32P
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectra, optical; Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Radial velocity ; Hot Jupiters ; Super Earths ;
High resolution spectroscopy ; Catalogs
Abstract:
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered
hundreds of new worlds, with TESS planet candidates now outnumbering
the total number of confirmed planets from Kepler. Owing to
differences in survey design, TESS continues to provide planets that
are better suited for subsequent follow-up studies, including mass
measurement through radial velocity (RV) observations, compared to
Kepler targets. In this work, we present the TESS-Keck Survey's (TKS)
Mass Catalog: a uniform analysis of all TKS RV survey data that has
resulted in mass constraints for 126 planets and candidate signals.
This includes 58 mass measurements that have reached ≥5σ
precision. We confirm or validate 32 new planets from the TESS mission
either by significant mass measurement (15) or statistical validation
(17), and we find no evidence of likely false positives among our
entire sample. This work also serves as a data release for all
previously unpublished TKS survey data, including 9,204 RV
measurements and associated activity indicators over our three-year
survey. We took the opportunity to assess the performance of our
survey and found that we achieved many of our goals, including
measuring the mass of 38 small (<4R⊕) planets, nearly
achieving the TESS mission's basic science requirement. In addition,
we evaluated the performance of the Automated Planet Finder as survey
support and observed meaningful constraints on system parameters, due
to its more uniform phase coverage. Finally, we compared our measured
masses to those predicted by commonly used mass-radius relations and
investigated evidence of systematic bias.
Description:
All of our spectroscopic data used in this analysis were taken
entirely by the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) on the
Keck I telescope at W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Levy Spectrometer
located on the Automated Planet Finder (APF) telescope at Lick
Observatory.
HIRES is an echelle spectrometer with a resolving power of ∼67,000,
depending on the slit used, and a wavelength range spanning from
374 to 970nm.
The APF is a robotic telescope that has the same wavelength span as
HIRES; 374-970nm. The Levy spectrograph has a resolving power of 100,000.
The total survey includes 7894 HIRES RVs taken over the course of 974
Keck observing nights when including archival RVs data which goes back
to 2009. Narrowing to only HIRES RVs taken during TKS observing
programs, from Summer 2019 to Fall 2022, we collected 4943 HIRES RVs
over 301 observing nights. We also use 5989 APF RVs taken over the
course of 1205 APF observing nights. Again, narrowing to only
observations taken during TKS-affiliated observing semesters, we
acquired 4261 APF RVs over 710 observing nights.
When utilizing archival HIRES RVs, our maximum survey baseline was
6502 days and our minimum was 59 days. The average RV baseline of the
survey was 1427 days. A more detailed breakdown by instrument is given
in Table 1. See Section 2.1.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 159 126 Masses and derived parameters for exoplanet
sample
table6.dat 197 210 Fitted parameters for sample of systems and
their exoplanets
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/726/L19 : Gunn r photometry of WASP-30 (Anderson+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)
J/A+A/546/A10 : Mult. in transiting planet-host stars (Lillo-Box+, 2012)
J/A+A/554/A28 : Qatar-1 differential light curve (Covino+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved param.: smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets TTVs (Hadden+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)
J/A+A/584/A72 : Transiting rocky planet 6.5pc from Sun (Motalebi+ 2015)
J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet candidat discov: K2's 1st yr (Crossfield+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/19 : Mp-Rp relationship: planets with Rp<4 (Wolfgang+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & Rad of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star parallaxes: asteroseism. vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : High-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/A+A/610/A63 : WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b (Demangeon+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/264 : CKS. VII. Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)
J/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Cat. & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/AJ/159/241 : TKS. I. HD332231 RVs (Dalba+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler star proper.Cat.I. KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/24 : TRICERATOPS predictions for 384 TOIs (Giacalone+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/56 : TKS. II. RVs of TOI-561 (Weiss+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/147 : Rotation periods of 43 TOIs: Evryscope & TESS (Howard+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/215 : TKS.V. Radial velocities of HD63935 (Scarsdale+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/265 : TKS. VI. HIP-97166 radial velocity (Macdougall+, 2021)
J/ApJS/256/33 : MTS. I. Midsurvey results (Teske+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/101 : TKS. IX. Radial velocities of HD1919139 (Lubin+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/133 : VRI photometry & RV of TOI-1759 (Espinoza+, 2022)
J/other/Sci/377.1211 : RV and LC of 8 M dwarf stars with planets (Luque+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/97 : TKS. XIII. TOI-1272 radial velocity (MacDougall+, 2022)
J/A+A/660/A86 : Detection & characterization of TOI-1759 b (Martioli+, 2022)
J/A+A/664/A163 : TOI-1807 RV and flux curves (Nardiello+, 2022)
J/A+A/667/A1 : HD93963 CHEOPS light curves (Serrano+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/293 : TKS. XI. TOI-1246 RVel (Turtelboom+, 2022)
J/AJ/165/33 : HIRES TOI-1136s planets and planet b RVs (Dai+, 2023)
J/AJ/165/88 : Radial velocity follow up of TOI-561 b (Brinkman+, 2023)
J/AJ/166/33 : TESS-Keck Survey (TKS). XV. TESS Planets (MacDougall+, 2023)
J/AJ/165/60 : TKS. XIV. 2 exoplanets from the DGS (Van Zandt+, 2023)
J/AJ/167/70 : TKS. XVII. TOI-1136 radial velocities (Beard+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/153 : TKS. XII. TOI-1347 radial velocity (Rubenzahl+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/194 : TKS. XVIII. TOI-1751 radial velocity (Desai+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/233 : Best-in-class TOIs: atmospheric characterisation (Hord+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/282 : TESS/HIRES RV follow up of TOI-1824 (Lange+, 2024)
J/AJ/168/135 : TKS. XXII. TOI-1437 (Pidhorodetska+, 2024)
J/AJ/168/196 : HD 191939 exoplanet system radial velocities (Lubin+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file:table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- TOI [260.01/2145.01] TESS Object of Interest planet
identifier
9- 20 A12 --- ID TKS host star identifier
22 A1 --- l_Mp 3σ upper limit flag on Mp
24- 30 F7.2 Mgeo Mp [1.4/2441]? Planetary mass
32- 36 F5.2 Mgeo e_Mp [0.4/99]? Lower uncertainty on Mp
38- 42 F5.2 Mgeo E_Mp [0.4/97]? Upper uncertainty on Mp
44- 53 A10 --- n_Mp Mass provenance (1)
55 A1 --- l_Dp 3σ upper limit flag on Dp
57- 61 F5.2 g/cm3 Dp [0/25]? Planetary density
63- 66 F4.2 g/cm3 e_Dp [0.04/7.2]? Lower uncertainty on Dp
68- 71 F4.2 g/cm3 E_Dp [0.03/6]? Upper uncertainty on Dp
73- 79 F7.5 AU a [0.01/1.4]? Semi-major axis
81- 86 F6.4 AU e_a [2e-4/3e-2]? Lower uncertainty on a
88- 93 F6.4 AU E_a [2e-4/3e-2]? Upper uncertainty on a
95 A1 --- l_MpL 3σ upper limit flag on MpL
97- 103 F7.2 Mgeo MpL [2.2/2477]? Planetary mass from literature
105- 110 F6.2 Mgeo e_MpL [0.2/118]? Lower uncertainty on MpL
112- 117 F6.2 Mgeo E_MpL [0.2/121]? Upper uncertainty on MpL
119- 157 A39 --- r_MpL Reference for MpL
159 A1 --- Flag [*] *: denotes a TKS publication
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Masses marked as mp lack an inclination measurement and
should be treated as a lower limit.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file:table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- --- [TOI]
5- 8 I4 --- TOI [260/2145] TESS Object of Interest host star
identifier
10 A1 --- m_TOI [b-g] TOI planet identifier within TOI star ID
12- 23 A12 --- ID TKS host star identifier
25- 36 F12.8 d Per [0.43/572]? Period (P)
38- 44 E7.5 d e_Per [4.1e-7/13]? 1σ error for Per
46- 55 F10.5 d T0 [713/2740]? Time of periapsis passage;
Barycentric Julian Date (T0) (1)
57- 64 F8.5 d e_T0 [1e-4/34]? 1σ error for T0
66- 71 F6.2 m/s K [0/371]? Velocity semi-amplitude
73- 77 F5.2 m/s e_K [0.2/14]? 1σ error for K
79 A1 --- u_e [~] Uncertainty flag on eccentricity
81- 86 F6.4 --- e [0/0.49]? Eccentricity (e)
88- 92 F5.3 --- e_e [0/0.17]? 1σ error for e
94 A1 --- u_omega [~] Uncertainty flag on omega
96-101 A6 rad omega Argument of periapsis (ω)
103-108 F6.4 rad e_omega [0/3]? 1σ error for omega
110 A1 --- u_gamp [~] Uncertainty flag on gamp
112-118 F7.5 m/s/d gamp [0/0.19]? Linear trend (γ')
120-126 F7.5 m/s/d e_gamp [8e-4/2e-2]? 1σ error for gamp
128 A1 --- u_gampp [~] Uncertainty flag on gampp
130-137 E8.6 m/s/d2 gampp [0/1.2e-4]? Quadratic curvature (γ'')
139-145 E7.2 m/s/d2 e_gampp [1.8e-7/4e-5]? 1σ error for gampp
147-154 F8.4 m/s OffsetH [0/132]? HIRES offset (γHIRES)
156-160 F5.2 m/s e_OffsetH [0/10]? 1σ error for OffsetH
162-167 F6.2 m/s OffsetA [0/443]? APF Offset (γAPF)
169-173 F5.2 m/s e_OffsetA [0.38/19]? 1σ error for OffsetA
175-179 E5.2 m/s JitterH [0/25.6]? Instrumental jitter, HIRES
(σHIRES)
181-185 F5.2 m/s e_JitterH [0.22/29]? 1σ error for JitterH
187-191 F5.2 m/s JitterA [3.5/21.8]? Instrumental jitter, APF
(σAPF)
193-197 F5.2 m/s e_JitterA [0.3/11]? 1σ error for JitterA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The Barycentic Julian Date (BJD) is given relative to the
TESS standard T0-2457000.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Dalba et al. Paper I. 2020AJ....159..241D 2020AJ....159..241D Cat. J/AJ/159/241
Weiss et al. Paper II. 2021AJ....161...56W 2021AJ....161...56W Cat. J/AJ/161/56
Dai et al. Paper III. 2020AJ....160..193D 2020AJ....160..193D
Rubenzahl et al. Paper IV. 2021AJ....161..119R 2021AJ....161..119R Cat. J/AJ/161/119
Scarsdale et al. Paper V. 2021AJ....162..215S 2021AJ....162..215S Cat. J/AJ/162/215
MacDougall et al. Paper VI. 2021AJ....162..265M 2021AJ....162..265M Cat. J/AJ/162/265
Lange et al. Paper VII. 2024AJ....167..282L 2024AJ....167..282L Cat. J/AJ/167/282
Dalba et al. Paper VIII. 2022AJ....163...61D 2022AJ....163...61D Cat. J/AJ/163/61
Lubin et al. Paper IX. 2022AJ....163..101L 2022AJ....163..101L Cat. J/AJ/163/101
Turtelboom et al. Paper XI. 2022AJ....163..293T 2022AJ....163..293T Cat. J/AJ/163/293
Chontos et al. Paper XII. 2022AJ....163..297C 2022AJ....163..297C
MacDougall et al. Paper XIII. 2022AJ....164...97M 2022AJ....164...97M Cat. J/AJ/164/97
Van Zandt et al. Paper XIV. 2023AJ....165...60V 2023AJ....165...60V Cat. J/AJ/165/60
MacDougall et al. Paper XV. 2023AJ....166...33M 2023AJ....166...33M Cat. J/AJ/166/33
Murphy et al. Paper XVI. 2023AJ....166..153M 2023AJ....166..153M Cat. J/AJ/166/153
Beard et al. Paper XVII. 2024AJ....167...70B 2024AJ....167...70B Cat. J/AJ/167/70
Desai et al. Paper XVIII. 2024AJ....167..194D 2024AJ....167..194D Cat. J/AJ/167/194
Hill et al. Paper XIX. 2024AJ....167..151H 2024AJ....167..151H
Polanski et al. Paper XX. 2024ApJS..272...32P 2024ApJS..272...32P This catalog
Pidhorodetska et al. Paper XXII. 2024AJ....168..135P 2024AJ....168..135P Cat. J/AJ/168/135
(End) Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 11-Jun-2025