J/ApJS/274/35 The California Legacy Survey. V. Activity cycles (Isaacson+, 2024)
The California Legacy Survey.
V. Chromospheric activity cycles in main-sequence stars.
Isaacson H., Howard A.W., Fulton B., Petigura E.A., Weiss L.M., Kane S.R.,
Carter B., Beard C., Giacalone S., Van Zandt J., Murphy J.M.A., Dai F.,
Chontos A., Polanski A.S., Rice M., Lubin J., Brinkman C., Rubenzahl R.A.,
Blunt S., Yee S.W., MacDougall M.G., Dalba P.A., Tyler D., Behmard A.,
Angelo I., Pidhorodetska D., Mayo A.W., Holcomb R., Turtelboom E.V.,
Hill M.L., Bouma L.G., Zhang J., Crossfield I.J.M., Saunders N.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 274, 35 (2024)>
=2024ApJS..274...35I 2024ApJS..274...35I
ADC_Keywords: Spectra, optical; Stars, ages; Colors; Surveys
Keywords: Stellar astronomy ; Main sequence stars ; Time series analysis ;
Stellar chromospheres ; Stellar activity ; Stellar evolution ;
High resolution spectroscopy ; Optical telescopes
Abstract:
We present optical spectroscopy of 710 solar neighborhood stars
collected over 20 years to catalog chromospheric activity and search
for stellar activity cycles. The California Legacy Survey stars are
amenable to exoplanet detection using precise radial velocities, and
we present their CaII H and K time series as a proxy for stellar and
chromospheric activity. Using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer
at Keck Observatory, we measured stellar flux in the cores of the CaII
H and K lines to determine S-values on the Mount Wilson scale and the
log(RHK') metric, which is comparable across a wide range of
spectral types. From the 710 stars, with 52372 observations, 285 stars
were sufficiently sampled to search for stellar activity cycles with
periods of 2-25yr, and 138 stars showed stellar cycles of varying
length and amplitude. S-values can be used to mitigate stellar
activity in the detection and characterization of exoplanets. We used
them to probe stellar dynamos and to place the Sun's magnetic activity
into context among solar neighborhood stars. Using precise stellar
parameters and time- averaged activity measurements, we found tightly
constrained cycle periods as a function of stellar temperature between
log(RHK') of -4.7 and -4.9, a range of activity in which nearly
every star has a periodic cycle. These observations present the
largest sample of spectroscopically determined stellar activity cycles
to date.
Description:
The California Legacy Survey, Paper I (CLS1;
Rosenthal+ 2021ApJS..255....8R 2021ApJS..255....8R) provided radial velocities measured
from Keck/HIRES data collected from the middle of three detectors
(4976-6421Å), and the S-values were simultaneously measured using
data from the blue detector (3642-4797Å). We used an updated raw
reduction that converted 2D spectra to 1D spectra. This work improves
the quality of the S-values as compared to CLS1 by using a restricted
extraction width of eight pixels to reduce sky emission and scattered
light contamination and by making additional quality controls.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 66 710 Average activity values
table3.dat 52 52372 Chromospheric time series for 710 stars
table4.dat 39 138 Detected stellar cycles for 138 stars
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See also:
III/159 : Ca II H and K Measurements Made at MWO (Duncan+ 1991)
J/AJ/111/439 : Chromospheric emission in late-type stars. (Henry+ 1996)
J/ApJS/152/261 : Chromospheric Ca II emission in nearby stars (Wright+, 2004)
J/A+A/469/309 : Chromosph. activity in late-type stars (Cincunegui+, 2007)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/754/37 : HD 192263 radial velocities and photometry (Dragomir+, 2012)
J/ApJ/763/L26 : SMARTS observations of eps Eridani (Metcalfe+, 2013)
J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/3517 : BCool survey of solar-type stars (Marsden+ 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)
J/ApJ/821/74 : 27yr of RV observations of HD 219134 (Johnson+, 2016)
J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. (Petigura+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N opt. spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/474/2094 : Inferring probabilistic stellar rot. periods (Angus+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A108 : Cool stars chromospheric activity cat. (Boro Saikia+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/264 : CKS. VII. Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)
J/AJ/159/235 : RVel jitters in ∼600 planet host stars (Luhn+, 2020)
J/A+A/646/A77 : Chromosph. activity from AMBRE-HARPS (Gomes da Silva+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/61 : RVel follow up of Barnard's star with HPF (Lubin+, 2021)
J/A+A/652/A116 : CARMENES time-resolved CaII H&K catalog (Perdelwitz+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/183 : S-value for 59 Sun-like starswith HIRES & HKP (Baum+, 2022)
J/ApJ/936/L23 : T4 APT photometry of HD 166620 (Luhn+, 2022)
J/AJ/166/260 : Wolf 359 Keck/HIRES & MAROONX RVel (Bowens-Rubin+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Name of star
14- 19 F6.4 --- Smin [0.105/8.2] Minimum S-value
21- 27 F7.4 --- Smax [0.108/10.5] Maximum S-value
29- 34 F6.4 --- Smed [0.1078/9.3] Median S-value
36- 42 F7.5 --- SSD [0.0004/0.52] S-value standard deviation
44- 47 I4 --- Nobs [4/1028] Number of observations
49- 53 F5.3 mag B-V [0.44/1.5] B-V color
55- 60 F6.3 [-] logRhk [-5.43/-3.79] Log of R'HK
62- 66 F5.2 Gyr Age [0/19.12] Activity derived stellar age
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Name of star
14- 23 A10 --- FileName Name of file
25- 33 F9.3 d BJD [13237.7/20294.2] Barycentric Julian Date;
BJD-2440000
35- 41 F7.4 --- S [0.1/10.5] S-value
43- 45 I3 --- SNR [7/121] Signal-to-noise ratio
47- 48 A2 --- Decker Decker aperture (1)
50- 52 F3.1 arcsec Seeing [0.7/4]? Measured seeing
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Note (1): HIRES spectra were collected with a variety of decker apertures. The
primary science deckers for California Planet Search (CPS) are
B5 (0.87"x5") and C2 (0.87"x14"), which provide a resolution of 60000.
Two other deckers, B1 (0.5"x5") and B3 (0.5"x14"), are used for
templates and result in a resolution of 80000.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- Name Name of star
12- 17 F6.4 --- Amp [0.14/2.1] Cycle amplitude
19- 23 F5.2 yr Per [2.3/23.5] Activity derived rotation period
25- 28 F4.2 --- Thresh [0.2/4.12] Calculated threshold
30- 34 F5.2 --- Peak1 [0.5/14.3] Primary peak
36- 39 F4.2 --- Peak2 [0.1/2.4] Secondary peak
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Rosenthal et al. Paper I. 2021ApJS..255....8R 2021ApJS..255....8R
Fulton et al. Paper II. 2021ApJS..255...14F 2021ApJS..255...14F
Rosenthal et al. Paper III. 2022ApJS..262....1R 2022ApJS..262....1R
Rosenthal et al. Paper IV. 2024ApJS..270....1R 2024ApJS..270....1R
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 12-Feb-2025