J/MNRAS/368/1223 SCUBA observations of cold cores (Hill+, 2006)
Millimetre continuum observations of southern massive star formation regions -
II. SCUBA observations of cold cores and the dust grain emissivity index
(β).
Hill T., Thompson M.A., Burton M.G., Walsh A.J., Minier V., Cunningham M.R.,
Pierce-Price D.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 368, 1223-1268 (2006)>
=2006MNRAS.368.1223H 2006MNRAS.368.1223H
ADC_Keywords: H II regions ; Masers ; Radio sources ; Millimetric/submm sources
Keywords: masers - stars: formation - stars: fundamental parameters -
dust, extinction - radio continuum: ISM
Abstract:
We report the results of a submillimetre continuum emission survey
targeted towards 78 star formation regions, 72 of which are devoid of
methanol maser and UC HII regions, identified in the Swedish ESO
Submillimetre Telescope (SEST)/SEST IMaging Bolometer Array (SIMBA)
millimetre continuum survey of Hill et al. (2005, Cat.
J/MNRAS/363/405). At least 45 per cent of the latter sources, dubbed
'mm-only', detected in this survey are also devoid of the mid-infrared
MSX emission. The 450- and 850-um continuum emission was mapped using
the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) instrument on
the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Emission is detected towards
97 per cent of the 78 sources targeted as well as towards 28 other
SIMBA sources lying in the SCUBA fields.
In total, we have identified 212 cores in this submillimetre survey,
including 106 previously known from the SIMBA survey. Of the remaining
106 sources, 53 result from resolving a SIMBA source into multiple
submillimetre components, whilst the other 53 sources are
submillimetre cores, not seen in the SIMBA. Additionally, we have
identified two further mm-only sources in the SIMBA images. Of the
total 405 sources identified in the SIMBA survey, 255 are only seen at
millimetre wavelengths.
Description:
The submillimetre continuum observations were undertaken on the 15-m
JCMT, using the SCUBA instrument during two separate observing periods
in 2003 August/September as well as in 2005 May.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 83 212 Parameters for the 212 submillimetre continuum
sources found in the SCUBA survey
table4.dat 83 172 171 SIMBA sources with corresponding SCUBA data
and the dust grain emissivity index beta.
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See also:
J/MNRAS/363/405 : SIMBA observations of cold cores (Hill+, 2005)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh Peak right ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Peak right ascension (J2000)
7- 11 F5.2 s RAs Peak right ascension (J2000)
12 A1 --- DE- Peak declination sign (J2000)
13- 14 I2 deg DEd Peak declination (J2000)
16- 17 I2 arcmin DEm Peak declination (J2000)
19- 20 I2 arcsec DEs Peak declination (J2000)
22- 34 A13 --- [HTB2006] Source name (1)
36- 41 A6 --- Tracer Tracer (G2)
42- 54 A13 --- Target Identifier SIMBA target
55- 60 F6.1 Jy F450um ?=- Integrated 450um flux
61- 62 A2 --- n_F450um [aefgpxznN ] Note on F450um (G1)
63- 67 F5.1 Jy FP450um ?=- Peak 450um flux
68 A1 --- n_FP450um [n] Note on FP450um (G1)
70- 74 F5.1 Jy F850um ?=- Integrated 850um flux (in Jy/beam)
75- 76 A2 --- n_F850um [adgpxzN ] Note on F850um (G1)
78- 81 F4.1 Jy FP850um ?=- Peak 850um flux (in Jy/beam)
83 A1 --- Cor Indicates the SIMBA association for the
submillimetre cores detected in this survey (4)
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Note (1): Source names are given to three decimal places in order to
distinguish closely associated sources.
Note (4): SIMBA association for the submillimetre cores detected as follows:
R = submillimetre sources which resolve a SIMBA millimetre core into
multiple components
N = submillimetre cores without any corresponding millimetre
continuum emission associated with the SCUBA emission detected here
E = sources which are located within, generally at the edge of, the
extended emission of a nearby SIMBA source, for which there is
no corresponding SIMBA core
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh Peak right ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Peak right ascension (J2000)
7- 10 F4.1 s RAs Peak right ascension (J2000)
12 A1 --- DE- Peak declination sign (J2000)
13- 14 I2 deg DEd Peak declination (J2000)
16- 17 I2 arcmin DEm Peak declination (J2000)
19- 20 I2 arcsec DEs Peak declination (J2000)
21 A1 --- n_[HBM2005] [*] * for sources not in Paper I
22- 34 A13 --- [HBM2005] Source name (1)
36- 37 A2 --- Tracer Tracer (G2)
39- 42 F4.1 Jy F1200um ?=- Integrated flux at 1200um
43 A1 --- n_F1200um [ag] Note on F1200um (G1)
45- 49 F5.1 Jy F850um ?=- Integrated flux at 850um
51 A1 --- l_F450um Limit flag on F450um
52- 57 F6.1 Jy F450um ?=- Integrated flux at 450um
58 A1 --- n_F450um [nNe] Note on F450um (G1)
60 A1 --- Note [lac] SIMBA core resolved into multiple
components by SCUBA (5)
62- 63 A2 --- Ref Reference (6)
65- 67 F3.1 --- beta10K ? Dust emissivity exponent beta at Tdust=10K
(error are typically 20%)
69- 71 F3.1 --- beta20K ? Dust emissivity exponent beta at Tdust=20K
(error are typically 30%)
73- 75 F3.1 --- beta30K ? Dust emissivity exponent beta at Tdust=30K
(error are typically 30%)
77- 79 F3.1 --- beta40K ? Dust emissivity exponent beta at Tdust=40K
(error are typically 30%)
81- 83 F3.1 --- beta50K ? Dust emissivity exponent beta at Tdust=50K
(error are typically 30%)
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Note (1): Source names are consistent with column 3 of table 5 in Paper I
(Cat. J/MNRAS/363/405). Source names given to two (or fewer) decimal
places are consistent with those reported by Walsh et al. (2003, Cat.
J/A+A/410/597), Minier et al. (2001A&A...369..278M 2001A&A...369..278M) and Thompson et
al. (2006A&A...453.1003T 2006A&A...453.1003T) from which they were targeted. Source names
given to three decimal places denote sources identified in the SIMBA
survey (Paper I), with the extended Galactic name intended to
distinguish closely associated sources.
Note (5): Designations indicate that the SIMBA core has been resolved into
multiple components by SCUBA as follows:
a = presence of two SCUBA core
l = presence of three SCUBA core
c = presence of four SCUBA core
Note (6): References as follows:
H = sources detected in this survey, as reported in table3
PP = Galactic plane map of Pierce-Price et al. (2000ApJ...545L.121P 2000ApJ...545L.121P)
T = survey of Thompson et al. (2006A&A...453.1003T 2006A&A...453.1003T)
W = SCUBA data of Walsh et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/410/597)
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Global Notes:
Note (G1): Notes as follows:
n = sources that cannot be calibrated at 450um.
N = non-detection.
a = Denotes those sources that have more than one submillimetre flux
encompassed within, for which it is not possible to clearly
distinguish the individual cores. The flux quoted here is for
all components of the core.
x = Denotes sources that are situated quite close to the edge of the
map such that their flux is not fully sampled and, thus, the
flux quoted here is a lower limit value. Those sources which do
not have a flux reported are situated too close to the edge of
the map, that it is not possible to estimate the size and flux
of the core to any level of confidence.
g = Indicates sources that are situated near to the edge of the map,
but far enough away that we can be reasonably confident in
estimating the source size and flux (in table3); fluxes quoted in
table4 are a lower limit. Sources with 850um emission but without
450um emission are denoted with 'n' (no suitable calibrator) or
'N' for no detection, and upper limits are included for the
remainder of the sources
d = Denotes sources which are affected by a noisy bolometer in the
map. Flux values quoted here are a lower limit.
p = Indicative of maps which are too confused or the emission is too
diffuse for a flux value to be estimated.
e = Denotes cores which were observed in noisy maps and, hence, it is
not possible to obtain a flux estimate (rms noise is ∼5.0Jy at 450um).
z = Indicates those sources coincident with a negative bowl of
emission and as such a flux measurement cannot be obtained.
Note (G2): Tracers as follows:
m = maser source
mm = mm-only source
mr = both a methanol maser and radio continuum source
r = radio continuum source
submm = submillimetre source
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 17-Oct-2006