J/MNRAS/440/269 X-ray survey of the 2Jy sample. I. (Mingo+, 2014)
An X-ray survey of the 2Jy sample.
I. Is there an accretion mode dichotomy in radio-loud AGN?
Mingo B., Hardcastle M.J., Croston J.H., Dicken D., Evans D.A.,
Morganti R., Tadhunter C.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 440, 269-297 (2014)>
=2014MNRAS.440..269M 2014MNRAS.440..269M
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, radio ; QSOs ; X-ray sources
Keywords: galaxies: active - X-rays: galaxies
Abstract:
We carry out a systematic study of the X-ray emission from the active
nuclei of the 0.02<z<0.7 2Jy sample, using Chandra and XMM-Newton
observations. We combine our results with those from mid-infrared,
optical emission-line and radio observations, and add them to those of
the 3CRR sources. We show that the low-excitation objects in our
samples show signs of radiatively inefficient accretion. We study the
effect of the jet-related emission on the various luminosities,
confirming that it is the main source of soft X-ray emission for our
sources. We also find strong correlations between the
accretion-related luminosities, and identify several sources whose
optical classification is incompatible with their accretion
properties. We derive the bolometric and jet kinetic luminosities for
the samples and find a difference in the total Eddington rate between
the low- and high-excitation populations, with the former peaking at
∼1% and the latter at ∼20% Eddington. Our results are consistent with
a simple Eddington switch when the effects of environment on radio
luminosity and black hole mass calculations are considered. The
apparent independence of jet kinetic power and radiative luminosity in
the high-excitation population in our plots supports a model in which
jet production and radiatively efficient accretion are not strongly
correlated in high-excitation objects, though they have a common
underlying mechanism.
Description:
We analyse a statistically complete subsample of the 2Jy
steep-spectrum sources defined by Dicken et al. (2008ApJ...678..712D 2008ApJ...678..712D),
containing 45 objects with δ<+10° and redshifts 0.05<z<0.7.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 55 50 *Objects in the 2Jy sample observed with Chandra
(ACIS-S or ACIS-I) and XMM-Newton (MOS and PN)
table2.dat 159 45 Best-fitting parameters for all the objects in
the sample
table4.dat 92 45 *Luminosities for the sources in the 2 Jy sample
table6.dat 106 36 Magnitudes and luminosities for the sources in
the 2Jy sample
tableb2.dat 106 66 Magnitudes and luminosities for the sources in
the 3CRR sample
tableb3.dat 99 135 *Luminosities for the sources in the 3CRR sample
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Note on table1.dat: Chandra (ACIS-S except for PKS 0625-53 and PKS 2135-14,
which were taken with the ACIS-I).
Note on table4.dat and tableb3.dat: following the format of
Hardcastle et al. (2009MNRAS.396.1929H 2009MNRAS.396.1929H).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [PKS]
5- 11 A7 --- PKS PKS name (HHMM+DD, eq. B1950)
13- 17 A5 --- Class Radio class (1)
19- 22 A4 --- Type Type of radio galaxy or quasar (G1)
24- 28 F5.3 --- z [0.05/0.7] Redshift
30- 36 A7 --- Inst Instrument (Chandra or XMM)
38- 47 I10 --- ObsId Obsercation ID number
48 A1 --- n_ObsId [*] * indicates new observations taken for
this survey
50- 55 F6.2 ks Texp [8/101] Exposure time
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Note (1): Classes as follows:
FR I = Fanaroff-Riley classes I
FR II = Fanaroff-Riley classes II
CSS = compact steep-spectrum
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [PKS]
5- 11 A7 --- PKS PKS name (HHMM+DD, eq. B1950)
13- 17 F5.3 --- z Redshift
19- 23 F5.2 10+20cm-2 NHf Foreground hydrogen column density
25- 29 F5.2 10+22cm-2 NH Intrinsic hydrogen column density
30 A1 --- --- [+]
31- 36 F6.2 10+22cm-2 E_NH ? Error on NH (upper value)
37 A1 --- --- [-]
38- 42 F5.2 10+22cm-2 e_NH ? Error on NH (lower value)
44- 47 F4.2 keV/cm2/s Gam.u [0.8/3.5] Power-law index Γu for
unabsorbed-related component (at 1keV)
48 A1 --- --- [+]
49- 52 F4.2 keV/cm2/s E_Gam.u ? Error on Gam.u (upper value)
53 A1 --- --- [-]
54- 57 F4.2 keV/cm2/s e_Gam.u ? Error on Gam.u (lower value)
59 A1 --- l_Norm1 Limit flag on Norm1 (2)
60- 66 E7.3 --- Norm1 X-ray power law normalisation for
unabsorbed-related component
67 A1 --- --- [+]
68- 74 E7.3 --- E_Norm1 ? Error on Norm1 (upper value) (1)
75 A1 --- --- [-]
76- 82 E7.3 --- e_Norm1 ? Error on Norm1 (lower value) (1)
84- 87 F4.2 keV/cm2/s Gam.a [0.7/1.9] Power-law for accretion-related
component (in keV/cm2/s @1keV)
88 A1 --- --- [+]
89- 92 F4.2 keV/cm2/s E_Gam.a ? Error on Gam.a (upper value) (1)
93 A1 --- --- [-]
94- 97 F4.2 keV/cm2/s e_Gam.a ? Error on Gam.a (lower value) (1)
99 A1 --- l_Norm2 Limit flag on Norm2 (2)
100-107 E8.3 --- Norm2 X-ray power law normalisation for
accretion-related component
108 A1 --- --- [+]
109-118 E10.6 --- E_Norm2 ? Error on Norm2 (upper value) (1)
119 A1 --- --- [-]
120-126 E7.3 --- e_Norm2 ? Error on Norm2 (lower value) (1)
128-132 I5 ct CT1 [16/33250] Net count (first value) (3)
133 A1 --- --- [/]
134-138 I5 ct CT2 [31/17514]? Net count (second value) (3)
139 A1 --- --- [/]
140-144 I5 ct CT3 [21/11095]? Net count (third value) (3)
147-152 F6.2 --- chi2 [1/844] χ2 value
153 A1 --- --- [/]
154-159 F6.2 --- dof [1/722] Degree of freedom
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Note (1): Errors are calculated at 90% confidence. Where no errors are
indicated, the parameters were fixed to that value.
Note (2): When the normalization of one of the powerlaws is an upper limit this
component is added after the fit, to assess the contribution of a
hypothetical second component.
Note (3): The net (background-subtracted) counts are given for each individual
spectrum; thus, for sources observed by Chandra only, one value is given
(two for the sources with two observations). For those observed by
XMM-Newton, the three values correspond to the PN, MOS1 and MOS2 spectra,
respectively. See Table 1 for details on the individual observations.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [PKS]
5- 11 A7 --- PKS PKS name (HHMM+DD, eq. B1950)
13 A1 --- Type [EBNQ?] Type of radio galaxy or quasar (G1)
15- 19 F5.3 --- z [0.05/0.7] Redshift
21 A1 --- l_logL.2 Limit flag on logL.2
22- 26 F5.2 [10-7W] logL.2 Luminosity at 178MHz (G2)
28 A1 --- l_logL5 Limit flag on logL5
29- 33 F5.2 [10-7W] logL5 ?=- Luminosity at 5GHz (core) (G2)
35 A1 --- l_logLXu Limit flag on logLXu
36- 40 F5.2 [10-7W] logLXu ?=- Soft (jet-related, unabsorbed
component) X-ray luminosity
42- 46 F5.2 [10-7W] b_logLXu ?=- 90% logLXu confidence level lower value
48- 52 F5.2 [10-7W] B_logLXu ?=- 90% logLXu confidence level upper value
54 A1 --- l_logLXa Limit flag on logLXa
55- 59 F5.2 [10-7W] logLXa ?=- Hard (accretion-related) X-ray
luminosity (G3)
61- 65 F5.2 [10-7W] b_logLXa ?=- 90% logLXa confidence level lower value
67- 71 F5.2 [10-7W] B_logLXa ?=- 90% logLXa confidence level lower value
73 A1 --- l_logLIR Limit flag on logLIR
74- 79 F6.3 [10-7W] logLIR ?=- Infrared luminosity (G2)
81- 85 F5.3 [10-7W] e_logLIR ? rms uncertainty on logLIR (tableb3 only)
87 A1 --- l_logLO3 Limit flag on logLO3
88- 92 F5.2 [10-7W] logLO3 ?=- Luminosity at [OIII]
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [PKS]
5- 11 A7 --- PKS PKS name (HHMM+DD, eq. B1950)
13 A1 --- Type [EBNQ] Type of radio galaxy or quasar
15- 17 A3 --- r_Ksmag Reference for K magnitudes (G4)
19- 23 F5.3 --- z Redshift
25- 30 F6.3 mag Ksmag Ks magnitude
32- 37 F6.3 mag Kcorr K correction (G5)
39- 44 F6.2 mag KsMAG Absolute Ks magnitude
46- 49 F4.2 GMsun MBH Black hole mass (in 109M☉)
51- 55 F5.2 10+40W LEdd Eddington luminosity
57 A1 --- l_LX/Edd Limit flag on LX/LEdd
58- 64 E7.3 --- LX/Edd ?=- X-ray-derived Eddington ratio
66- 74 E9.2 --- E_LX/Edd ? Error on LX/LEdd (upper value) (G6)
76- 82 E7.2 --- e_LX/Edd ? Error on LX/LEdd (lower value) (G6)
84- 90 E7.3 --- LO3/Edd ?=- Eddington ratio [OIII]-derived
92- 98 E7.3 --- LIR/Edd ?=- IR-derived Eddington ratio
100-106 E7.3 --- LQ/Edd Jet-derived Eddington ratio
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Name Source name
13 A1 --- Type [EBNQ] Type of radio galaxy or quasar
15- 17 A3 --- r_Ksmag Reference for K magnitudes (G4)
19- 23 F5.3 --- z Redshift
25- 30 F6.3 mag Ksmag Ks magnitude
32- 37 F6.3 mag Kcorr K correction (G5)
39- 44 F6.2 mag KsMAG Absolute Ks magnitude
46- 49 F4.2 GMsun MBH Black hole mass (in 109M☉)
51- 55 F5.2 10+40W LEdd Eddington luminosity
57 A1 --- l_LX/Edd Limit flag on LX/LEdd
58- 64 E7.3 --- LX/Edd ?=- X-ray-derived Eddington ratio
66- 74 E9.2 --- E_LX/Edd ? Error on LX/LEdd (upper value) (G6)
76- 82 E7.2 --- e_LX/Edd ? Error on LX/LEdd (lower value) (G6)
84- 90 E7.3 --- LO3/Edd ?=- Eddington ratio [OIII]-derived
92- 98 E7.3 --- LIR/Edd ?=- IR-derived Eddington ratio
100-106 E7.3 --- LQ/Edd Jet-derived Eddington ratio
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Name Source name
13 A1 --- Type [EBNQ?] Type of radio galaxy or quasar (G1)
15- 19 F5.3 --- z [0/1] Redshift
21 A1 --- l_logL.2 Limit flag on logL.2
22- 26 F5.2 [10-7W] logL.2 Luminosity at 178MHz (G2)
28 A1 --- l_logL5 Limit flag on logL5
29- 33 F5.2 [10-7W] logL5 ?=- Luminosity at 5GHz (core) (G2)
35 A1 --- l_logLXu Limit flag on logLXu
36- 40 F5.2 [10-7W] logLXu ?=- Soft (jet-related, unabsorbed
component) X-ray luminosity
42- 46 F5.2 [10-7W] b_logLXu ?=- 90% logLXu confidence level lower value
48- 52 F5.2 [10-7W] B_logLXu ?=- 90% logLXu confidence level upper value
54 A1 --- l_logLXa Limit flag on logLXa
55- 59 F5.2 [10-7W] logLXa ?=- Hard (accretion-related) X-ray
luminosity (G3)
61- 65 F5.2 [10-7W] b_logLXa ?=- 90% logLXa confidence level lower value
67- 71 F5.2 [10-7W] B_logLXa ?=- 90% logLXa confidence level lower value
73 A1 --- l_logLIR Limit flag on logLIR
74- 79 F6.3 [10-7W] logLIR ?=- Infrared luminosity (G2)
81- 85 F5.3 [10-7W] e_logLIR ? rms uncertainty on logLIR (tableb3 only)
87 A1 --- l_logLO3 Limit flag on logLO3
88- 92 F5.2 [10-7W] logLO3 ?=- Luminosity at [OIII]
94 A1 --- l_logLO2 Limit flag on logLO2
95- 99 F5.2 [10-7W] logLO2 ?=- Luminosity at [OII]
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Global Notes:
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Note (G1): Types of radio galaxy (may be abbreviated to a single letter):
LERG = low-excitation radio galaxy
NLRG = narrow-line radio galaxy
BLRG = broad-line radio galaxy
Q = quasar
Note (G2):
We have converted the radio and IR luminosity densities into νLν
to allow for direct comparison between the magnitudes in different bands.
The errors for the radio, IR and [OIII] luminosities can be found in the
original papers, listed in Section 2.4. Where measurements could not be
obtained, their absence is indicated with an en dash.
Note (G3): The X-ray accretion-related luminosities have been corrected for
intrinsic absorption.
Note (G4): References for K-band magnitudes as follows:
I10 = Inskip et al. (2010MNRAS.407.1739I 2010MNRAS.407.1739I)
2M = 2MASS catalogue, Cat. II/246
L = Lilly & Longair (1984MNRAS.211..833L 1984MNRAS.211..833L)
S = Simpson, Ward & Wall (2000MNRAS.319..963S 2000MNRAS.319..963S)
V = de Vries et al. (1998ApJ...503..138D 1998ApJ...503..138D)
B = Best, Longair & Roettgering (1998MNRAS.295..549B 1998MNRAS.295..549B)
Note (G5): K-corrections calculated using the relations of Glazebrook et al.
(1995MNRAS.275..169G 1995MNRAS.275..169G, Cat. II/211); Mannucci et al. (2001MNRAS.326..745M 2001MNRAS.326..745M).
Note (G6): The errors quoted for LX, Edd are derived from both the errors
in the X-ray power-law normalization and the errors in the intrinsic NH, to
show the maximum possible uncertainty. Where NH was fixed to 1023cm-2,
the upper and lower values of the X-ray luminosity were calculated for NH=0
and 1024cm-2, respectively.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 16-Jan-2015