J/MNRAS/453/2653 Carbon stars in the Galaxy and its satellites (Huxor+, 2015)
Tracing the tidal streams of the Sagittarius dSph, and halo Milky Way features,
with carbon-rich long-period variables.
Huxor A.P., Grebel E.K.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 453, 2653-2681 (2015)>
=2015MNRAS.453.2653H 2015MNRAS.453.2653H (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Galaxies, nearby ; Stars, carbon ;
Photometry, infrared ; Stars, distances
Keywords: stars: carbon - stars: variables: general - Galaxy: halo -
galaxies: individual: Sgr dSph
Abstract:
We assemble 121 spectroscopically confirmed halo carbon stars, drawn
from the literature, exhibiting measurable variability in the Catalina
Surveys. We present their periods and amplitudes, which are used to
estimate distances from period-luminosity relationships. The location
of the carbon stars - and their velocities when available - allow us
to trace the streams of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy.
These are compared to a canonical numerical simulation of the
accretion of Sgr. We find that the data match this model well for
heliocentric distances of 15-50kpc, except for a virtual lack of
carbon stars in the trailing arm just north of the Galactic plane, and
there is only tentative evidence of the leading arm south of the
plane. The majority of the sample can be attributed to the Sgr
accretion. We also find groups of carbon stars which are not part of
Sgr; most of which are associated with known halo substructures. A few
have no obvious attribution and may indicate new substructure. We find
evidence that there may be a structure behind the Sgr leading stream
apocentre, at ∼100kpc, and a more distant extension to the Pisces
Overdensity also at ∼100kpc. We study a further 75 carbon stars for
which no good period data could be obtained, and for which NIR
magnitudes and colours are used to estimate distances. These data add
support for the features found at distances beyond 100kpc.
Description:
Our sample of carbon stars are drawn from a variety of sources in the
literature and are all spectroscopically confirmed. They have very
different means of detection, selection criteria and spatial coverage.
The Galactic disk, being young, contains many carbon stars, but in
this paper we are concerned with potential halo structures, hence we
focus on those at high Galactic latitudes.
The final selection of carbon stars is divided into two catalogues.
There are those stars for which we have measurable periods from the
Catalina Surveys (hereafter called the first sample").
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 78 121 Catalogue of variable carbon stars
table2.dat 53 75 Catalogue of second sample carbon stars
table3.dat 60 32 Variable carbon stars in Galactic satellites
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- Name Name (HGNNN)
7- 14 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
16- 23 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
25- 29 F5.2 mag Ksmag0 Reddening corrected 2MASS Ks magnitude
31- 34 F4.2 mag (J-Ks)0 Reddening corrected 2MASS J-Ks colour index
36- 40 F5.2 mag KsMAG0 Reddening corrected absolute 2MASS Ks magnitude
42- 44 I3 kpc Rhelio Heliocentric distance
46- 47 I2 kpc E_Rhelio Error on Rhelio (upper value)
49- 50 I2 kpc e_Rhelio Error on Rhelio (lower value)
52- 55 I4 km/s Vgsr ?=- GSR velocity
57- 59 I3 d Per Period (in Catalina V band) (G1)
61- 64 F4.2 mag Amp Amplitude of variation
(in Catalina V band) (G1)
66- 67 A2 --- Seq Observation sequence
69- 70 I2 --- Ref References (G2)
72- 78 A7 --- Feature Feature
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 A6 --- Name Name (HG2-NN)
8- 15 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
17- 24 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
26- 30 F5.2 mag Ksmag0 Reddening corrected 2MASS Ks magnitude
32- 35 F4.2 mag (J-Ks)0 Reddening corrected 2MASS J-Ks colour index
37- 41 F5.2 mag KsMAG0 Reddening corrected absolute 2MASS Ks magnitude
43- 45 I3 kpc Dist Distance
47- 50 I4 km/s Vgsr ?=- GSR velocity
52- 53 I2 --- Ref References (G2)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Name Name (SNN)
5- 12 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
14- 21 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
23- 27 F5.2 mag Ksmag0 Reddening corrected 2MASS Ks magnitude
29- 32 F4.2 mag (J-Ks)0 Reddening corrected 2MASS J-Ks colour index
34- 38 F5.2 mag KsMAG0 Reddening corrected absolute 2MASS Ks magnitude
40- 42 I3 kpc Rhelio Heliocentric distance
44- 46 I3 d Per Period (in Catalina V band) (G1)
48- 51 F4.2 mag Amp Amplitude of variation
(in Catalina V band) (G1)
53- 54 A2 --- Seq Observation sequence
56- 60 A5 --- Host Host galaxy (1)
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Note (1): Distance to the hosts are
Sculptor: 86 kpc, Fornax: 147 kpc, Carina: 105 kpc, Leo II: 233 kpc,
Sextans: 86 and Sgr: 26 kpc (McConnachie, 2012, Cat. J/AJ/144/4).
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Global notes:
Note (G1): The periods and amplitudes (in Catalina V band) of variability are
derived from fits using PERIOD04.
Note (G2): References as follows:
1 = Totten & Irwin (1998MNRAS.294....1T 1998MNRAS.294....1T)
2 = Green (2013, Cat. J/ApJ/765/12)
3 = Reid et al. (2008, Cat. J/AJ/136/1290)
4 = Liebert et al. (2000PASP..112.1315L 2000PASP..112.1315L)
5 = Lee & Chen (2009ApJ...694.1423L 2009ApJ...694.1423L)
6 = Cruz et al. (2003, Cat. J/AJ/126/2421)
7 = Moody et al. (1997AJ....113.1022M 1997AJ....113.1022M)
8 = Groenewegen, Oudmaijer & Ludwig (1997MNRAS.292..686G 1997MNRAS.292..686G)
9 = Totten (1998, PhD thesis, 1998, Queen's University Belfast)
10 = Kirkpatrick et al. (2008, Cat. J/ApJ/689/1295)
11 = Christlieb et al. (2001, Cat. J/A+A/375/366)
12 = Cruz et al. (2007, Cat. J/AJ/133/439)
13 = Meusinger & Brunzendorf (2001IBVS.5035....1M 2001IBVS.5035....1M)
14 = Gigoyan & Mickaelian (2012MNRAS.419.3346G 2012MNRAS.419.3346G, Cat. III/266)
15 = Gizis (2002ApJ...575..484G 2002ApJ...575..484G)
16 = Mauron et al. (2004A&A...418...77M 2004A&A...418...77M)
17 = Mauron, Kendall & Gigoyan (2005A&A...438..867M 2005A&A...438..867M)
18 = Mauron, Gigoyan & Kendall (2007A&A...475..843M 2007A&A...475..843M)
19 = Mauron (2008A&A...482..151M 2008A&A...482..151M)
20 = Mauron et al. (2014, Cat. J/A+A/562/A24)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 06-Feb-2018