J/MNRAS/453/976 Herbig Ae/Be X-shooter observations (Fairlamb+, 2015)
A spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars with X-shooter.
I. Stellar parameters and accretion rates.
Fairlamb J.R., Oudmaijer R.D., Mendigutia I., Ilee J.D.,
van den Ancker M.E.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 453, 976-1001 (2015)>
=2015MNRAS.453..976F 2015MNRAS.453..976F (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Stars, pre-main sequence ; Spectroscopy ;
Accretion
Keywords: accretion, accretion discs - techniques: spectroscopic -
stars: early-type - stars: formation - stars: pre-main-sequence -
stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
Abstract:
Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) span a key mass range that links low- and
high-mass stars, and thus provide an ideal window from which to
explore their formation. This paper presents Very Large
Telescope/X-shooter spectra of 91 HAeBes, the largest spectroscopic
study of HAeBe accretion to date. A homogeneous approach to
determining stellar parameters is undertaken for the majority of the
sample. Measurements of the ultraviolet are modelled within the
context of magnetospheric accretion, allowing a direct determination
of mass accretion rates. Multiple correlations are observed across the
sample between accretion and stellar properties: the youngest and
often most massive stars are the strongest accretors, and there is an
almost 1:1 relationship between the accretion luminosity and stellar
luminosity. Despite these overall trends of increased accretion rates
in HAeBes when compared to classical T Tauri stars, we also find
noticeable differences in correlations when considering the Herbig Ae
and Herbig Be subsets. This, combined with the difficulty in applying
a magnetospheric accretion model to some of the Herbig Be stars, could
suggest that another form of accretion may be occurring within Herbig
Be mass range.
Description:
Observations were performed over a period of 6 months between 2009
October and 2010 April using the X-shooter echelle spectrograph,
mounted at the VLT, Cerro Paranal, Chile.
X-shooter provides spectra covering a large wavelength range of
3000-23000Å, split into three arms and taken simultaneously.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 97 91 List of observations
table2.dat 138 91 Details of the derived stellar parameters
table3.dat 107 91 Table of accretion rates
tablea1.dat 65 91 Photometry from the literature
refs.dat 83 51 References
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See also:
J/AJ/106/656 : Herbig Ae/Be stars (Brooke+, 1993)
J/A+AS/104/315 : Member of Herbig Ae/Be stellar group (The+ 1994)
J/A+AS/111/399 : Polarization variability in Herbig Ae/Be stars (Jain+, 1995)
J/AJ/118/1043 : Herbig Ae/Be stars catalog (Herbst+, 1999)
J/AJ/126/2971 : UBVRI photometry of 131 Herbig Ae/Be (Vieira+, 2003)
J/AJ/129/856 : Herbig Ae/Be stars in nearby OB associations (Hernandez+ 2005)
J/ApJ/653/657 : Spectroscopic observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars (Manoj+, 2006
J/ApJ/658/358 : Ae/Be stars of Magellanic Bridge in JHKs (Nishiyama+, 2007)
J/ApJ/698/2031 : Polarimetry of HAeBe stars (Rodrigues+, 2009)
J/A+A/555/A64 : Identifying gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks
(Maaskant+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Name
18- 19 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
24- 27 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
29 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
30- 31 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
36- 39 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
41- 50 A10 "date" Obs.date Observation date
52- 60 A9 --- TUVB UVB arm exposure time(s) (in seconds)
61- 69 A9 --- TVIS VIS arm exposure time(s) (in seconds)
71- 82 A12 --- TNIR NIR arm exposure time(s) (in seconds)
84- 85 I2 --- NDIT Number of detector integration times for the
NIR arm
87- 89 I3 --- SNRUVB UBV arm signal-to-noise ratio
91- 93 I3 --- SNRVIS VIS arm signal-to-noise ratio
95- 97 I3 --- SNRNIR NIR arm signal-to-noise ratio
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Name
17- 21 I5 K Teff Effective temperature
23- 26 I4 K e_Teff rms uncertainty on Teff
28- 31 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity
33- 36 F4.2 [cm/s2] E_logg Error on logg (upper value)
38- 41 F4.2 [cm/s2] e_logg Error on logg (lower value)
43- 46 F4.2 [Lsun] logL Luminosity
48- 51 F4.2 [Lsun] E_logL Error on logL (upper value)
53- 56 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logL Error on logL (lower value)
58- 61 F4.1 Msun M Mass
63- 66 F4.1 Msun E_M Error on Mass (upper value)
68- 70 F3.1 Msun e_M Error on Mass (lower value)
72- 75 F4.1 Rsun R Radius
77- 79 F3.1 Rsun E_R Error on Radius (upper value)
81- 83 F3.1 Rsun e_R Error on Radius (lower value)
85- 88 F4.2 mag AV Absorption in V band
90- 93 F4.2 mag E_AV Error on AV (upper value)
95- 98 F4.2 mag e_AV Error on AV (lower value)
100-105 F6.2 Myr Age Age
107-112 F6.2 Myr E_Age Error on Age (upper value)
114-119 F6.2 Myr e_Age Error on Age (lower value)
121-124 I4 pc Dist Distance
126-129 I4 pc E_Dist Error on Distance (upper value)
131-134 I4 pc e_Dist Error on Distance (lower value)
136- 137 A2 --- Notes [+* ] Notes for stars for which a distance
estimate from the literature is used, or
if the star was moved to the ZAMS (1)
138 A1 --- r_Dist References for Dist (2)
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Note (1): Notes as follows:
+ = A literature distance is initially adopted to these stars, as log(g)
cannot be determined from the spectra alone
* = Stars which have been placed on the ZAMS.
Note (2): References as follows:
a = de Zeeuw et al. (1999, Cat. J/AJ/117/354)
b = van Leeuwen (2007A&A...474..653V 2007A&A...474..653V, Cat. I/311)
c = Dahm & Simon (2005, Cat. J/AJ/129/829)
d = Shevchenko et al. (1999, Cat. J/MNRAS/310/210)
e = Ababakr et al. (2015MNRAS.452.2566A 2015MNRAS.452.2566A)
f = Vieira et al. (2003, Cat. J/AJ/126/2971)
g = Fukagawa et al. (2006ApJ...636L.153F 2006ApJ...636L.153F)
h = Loinard et al. (2008ApJ...675L..29L 2008ApJ...675L..29L)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Name
18- 19 A2 --- l_DDB [=< ] Limit flag on DDB
20- 23 F4.2 mag DDB ?=- Measured Balmer excess
25- 28 F4.2 mag E_DDB ? Error on ΔDB (upper value) (1)
30- 33 F4.2 mag e_DDB ? Error on ΔDB (lower value) (1)
36- 37 A2 --- l_f [=< ] Limit flag on f
38- 41 F4.1 % f ?=- Filling factor
43- 46 F4.1 % E_f ? Error on f (upper value)
48- 51 F4.1 % e_f ? Error on f (lower value)
54- 55 A2 --- l_log(dMacc/dt) [=< ] Limit flag on log(dMacc/dt)
56- 61 F6.2 [Msun/yr] log(dMacc/dt) ?=- Derived accretion rate
63- 66 F4.2 [Msun/yr] E_log(dMacc/dt) ? Error on log(dMacc/dt) (upper value)
68- 71 F4.2 [Msun/yr] e_log(dMacc/dt) ? Error on log(dMacc/dt) (lower value)
73- 87 A15 --- Met Method(s) used to obtain the values
89- 90 A2 --- l_logLacc [=< ] Limit flag on logLacc
91- 95 F5.2 [Lsun] logLacc ?=- Accretion luminosity
97-100 F4.2 [Lsun] E_logLacc ? Error on logLacc (upper value)
102-105 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logLacc ? Error on logLacc (lower value)
107 A1 --- Note [y/n-] Achievable by MA (2)
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Note (1): ΔDB errors are rounded to the closest 0.01 and include all
systematic errors too.
Note (2): notes which stars can have their excess modelled successfully by MA.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Namme
17- 21 F5.2 mag Umag U magnitude
23- 27 F5.2 mag Bmag B magnitude
29- 33 F5.2 mag Vmag V magnitude
35- 39 F5.2 mag Rmag ?=- R magnitude
41- 45 F5.2 mag Imag ?=- I magnitude
47 A1 --- r_Umag Reference for photometry, in refs.dat file
49- 53 I5 K Teffl Effective temperature
54 A1 --- n_Teffl [+] Note on Teff (1)
56- 57 A2 --- r_Teffl Reference for Teff, in refs.dat file
59- 62 I4 pc Distl ? Distance
64- 65 A2 --- r_Distl Reference for Distance, in refs.dat file
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Note (1): + : These two stars are listed as objects QT3 (TYC 8581-2002-1) and
QT4 (HD 114981) in the first table of Vieira et al. (2003,
Cat. J/AJ/126/2971).
However, their places appear swapped in the second table by these authors.
This swap is supported by additional photometry of HD 114981 and by the
authors' observed temperatures and the temperatures derived in this work.
Based on this, we have swapped the photometry from Vieira et al.
(2003, Cat. J/AJ/126/2971) around for these two stars.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
24- 62 A39 --- Aut Author's name
64- 83 A20 --- Com Comments
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 15-Mar-2016