J/MNRAS/457/2814 SAGE SMC evolved stars candidates (Srinivasan+, 2016)
The evolved-star dust budget of the Small Magellanic Cloud: the critical role of
a few key players.
Srinivasan S., Boyer M.L., Kemper F., Meixner M., Sargent B.A., Riebel D.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 457, 2814-2838 (2016)>
=2016MNRAS.457.2814S 2016MNRAS.457.2814S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; Stars, supergiant ; Photometry
Keywords: stars: AGB and post-AGB - stars: carbon - stars: mass-loss -
supergiants - Magellanic Clouds
Abstract:
The life cycle of dust in the interstellar medium is heavily
influenced by outflows from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and red
supergiant (RSG) stars, a large fraction of which is contributed by a
few very dusty sources. We compute the dust input to the Small
Magellanic Cloud (SMC) by fitting the multi-epoch mid-infrared
spectral energy distributions of AGB/RSG candidates with models from
the Grid of RSG and AGB ModelS grid, allowing us to estimate the
luminosities and dust-production rates (DPRs) of the entire
population. By removing contaminants, we guarantee a high-quality data
set with reliable DPRs and a complete inventory of the dustiest
sources. We find a global AGB/RSG dust-injection rate of
(1.3±0.1)x10-6M☉/yr, in agreement with estimates derived
from mid-infrared colours and excess fluxes. As in the Large
Magellanic Cloud, a majority (66 per cent) of the dust arises from the
extreme AGB stars, which comprise only ∼7 per cent of our sample. A
handful of far-infrared sources, whose 24µm fluxes exceed their
8µm fluxes, dominate the dust input. Their inclusion boosts the
global DPR by ∼1.5x, making it necessary to determine whether they
are AGB stars. Model assumptions, rather than missing data, are the
major sources of uncertainty; depending on the choice of dust shell
expansion speed and dust optical constants, the global DPR can be up
to ∼10 times higher. Our results suggest a non-stellar origin for the
SMC dust, barring as yet undiscovered evolved stars with very high
DPRs.
Description:
Using a very careful selection procedure, we produce the most complete
data set of mass-losing evolved stars in the SMC to date. We fit dust
radiative transfer models to these sources to resolve their chemical
types and estimate their luminosities and DPRs.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 872 9621 Photometry and SED fit results for our
candidate list of evolved stars
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See also:
II/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC 2009)
J/AJ/137/3139 : LMC SAGE. New variable evolved stars and YSOs (Vijh+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/4810 : LMC-SAGE AGB star candidates (Srinivasan+, 2009)
J/ApJ/723/1195 : SAGE AGB candidates (Riebel+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 30 A30 --- SAGE SAGE Designation of IRAC source (Mosaic
Archive by default; if missing, Epoch 1
Archive) (IRAC_DESIGNATION)
32- 36 A5 --- Class Colour classification (COLOUR_CLASS)
38- 55 A18 --- OGLE3 OGLE-III identifier (OGLE3_ID)
57- 61 A5 --- AKARI AKARI identifier (AKARI_ID)
63- 81 A19 --- WISE WISE identifier (WISE_ID)
83- 90 E8.4 Jy FU ?=-99 Broadband flux in U (FLUXU)
92- 99 E8.4 Jy e_FU ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in U
(DFLUXU)
101-108 E8.4 Jy FB ?=-99 Broadband flux in B (FLUXB)
110-117 E8.4 Jy e_FB ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in B
(DFLUXB)
119-126 E8.4 Jy FV ?=-99 Broadband flux in V (FLUXV)
128-135 E8.4 Jy e_FV ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in V
(DFLUXV)
137-144 E8.4 Jy FI ?=-99 Broadband flux in I (FLUXI)
146-153 E8.4 Jy e_FI ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in I
(DFLUXI)
155-162 E8.4 Jy FJ ?=-99 Broadband flux in J (FLUXJ)
164-171 E8.4 Jy e_FJ ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in J
(DFLUXJ)
173-181 F9.5 Jy FH ?=-99 Broadband flux in H (FLUXH)
183-190 E8.4 Jy e_FH ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in H
(DFLUXH)
192-200 F9.5 Jy FKs ?=-99 Broadband flux in Ks (FLUXK_S)
202-209 E8.4 Jy e_FKs ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in Ks
(DFLUXK_S)
211-219 F9.5 Jy F3.6 ?=-99 Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um
(FLUX3_6)
221-228 E8.4 Jy e_F3.6 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (DFLUX3_6)
230-237 E8.4 Jy F4.5 ?=-99 Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um
(FLUX4_5)
239-246 E8.4 Jy e_F4.5 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (DFLUX4_5)
248-256 F9.5 Jy F5.8 ?=-99 Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um
(FLUX5_8)
258-265 E8.4 Jy e_F5.8 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (DFLUX5_8)
267-275 F9.5 Jy F8.0 ?=-99 Broadband flux in Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um
(FLUX8_0)
277-284 E8.4 Jy e_F8.0 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (DFLUX8_0)
286-294 F9.5 Jy F24 ?=-99 Broadband flux in Spitzer/MIPS 24um
(FLUX24)
296-303 E8.4 Jy e_F24 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
Spitzer/MIPS 24um (DFLUX24)
305-313 F9.5 Jy F11 ?=-99 Broadband flux in AKARI S11 (11um)
(FLUXN11)
315-323 F9.5 Jy e_F11 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
AKARI S11 (11um) (DFLUXN11)
325-333 F9.5 Jy F15 ?=-99 Broadband flux in AKARI L15 (15um)
(FLUXL15)
335-342 E8.4 Jy e_F15 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in
AKARI L15 (15um) (DFLUXL15)
344-352 F9.5 Jy FW3 ?=-99 Broadband flux in WISE W3 (11.6 um)
(FLUXW3)
354-361 E8.4 Jy e_FW3 ?=-99 Broadband flux uncertainty in WISE W3
(11.6um) (DFLUXW3)
363-370 F8.4 mag Umag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in U (MAGU)
372-380 F9.5 mag e_Umag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in U
(DMAGU)
382-389 F8.4 mag Bmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in B (MAGB)
391-399 F9.5 mag e_Bmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in B
(DMAGB)
401-408 F8.4 mag Vmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in V (MAGV)
410-418 F9.5 mag e_Vmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in V
(DMAGV)
420-428 F9.5 mag Imag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in I (MAGI)
430-438 F9.5 mag e_Imag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in I
(DMAGI)
440-448 F9.5 mag Jmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in J (MAGJ)
450-458 F9.5 mag e_Jmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in J
(DMAGJ)
460-468 F9.5 mag Hmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in H (MAGH)
470-478 F9.5 mag e_Hmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in H
(DMAGH)
480-488 F9.5 mag Ksmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in Ks (MAGK_S)
490-498 F9.5 mag e_Ksmag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in Ks
(DMAGK_S)
500-508 F9.5 mag [3.6] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in
Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (MAG3_6)
510-518 F9.5 mag e_[3.6] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (DMAG3_6)
520-528 F9.5 mag [4.5] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in
Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (MAG4_5)
530-538 F9.5 mag e_[4.5] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (DMAG4_5)
540-548 F9.5 mag [5.8] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in
Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (MAG5_8)
550-558 F9.5 mag e_[5.8] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (DMAG5_8)
560-568 F9.5 mag [8.0] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in
Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (MAG8_0)
570-578 F9.5 mag e_[8.0] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (DMAG8_0)
580-588 F9.5 mag [24] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in
Spitzer/MIPS 24um (MAG24)
590-598 F9.5 mag e_[24] ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
Spitzer/MIPS 24um (DMAG24)
600-608 F9.5 mag S11mag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in AKARI S11
(11um) (MAGN11)
610-618 F9.5 mag e_S11mag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
AKARI S11 (11um) (DMAGN11)
620-628 F9.5 mag L15mag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in AKARI L15
(15um) (MAGL15)
630-638 F9.5 mag e_L15mag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
AKARI L15 (15um) (DMAGL15)
640-648 F9.5 mag W3mag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude in WISE W3
(11.6um) (MAGW3)
650-658 F9.5 mag e_W3mag ?=-99 Broadband magnitude uncertainty in
WISE W3 (11.6um) (DMAGW3)
660-666 A7 --- FIRGroup FIR group number (FIR_GROUP)
668-670 A3 --- SMCIRS SMC IRS identifier from Ruffle et al.
(2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/451/3504) (SMC_IRS)
672-684 A13 --- SpClassS Spectroscopic classification from
Ruffle et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/451/3504)
(SAGESPECCLASS)
686 A1 --- GClass GRAMS chemical classification (GRAMS_CLASS)
688-693 A6 --- ClassConf Confidence of chemical classification
(CLASS_CONFIDENCE)
695-705 F11.6 --- chi2Best Lowest chi-square for best-fit chemical type
(CHISQ_BEST)
707-719 F13.7 --- chi2Alt Lowest chi-square for alternate chemical
type (CHISQ_ALT)
721-727 E7.4 Lsun Lum ?=-99 Luminosity (LUM)
729-742 F14.8 Lsun e_Lum ?=-99 Luminosity uncertainty (DLUM)
744-751 F8.6 Msun/yr DPR ?=-99 Dust-production rate (DPR)
753-761 E9.4 Msun/yr e_DPR ?=-99 Dust-production rate uncertainty
(DDPR)
763-769 E7.4 --- tau ?=-99 Optical depth at 10um (11.3um) for
O-rich (C-rich) model (TAU)
771-778 E8.4 --- e_tau ?=-99 Optical depth uncertainty at 10um
(11.3um) for O-rich (C-rich) model (DTAU)
780-783 F4.1 --- Rin ?=-99 Dust shell inner radius in stellar
radii (RIN)
785-790 F6.2 --- e_Rin ?=-99 Dust shell inner radius uncertainty
in stellar radii (DRIN)
792-800 F9.4 K Tin Temperature at dust shell inner radius (TIN)
802-810 F9.5 K e_Tin Temperature uncertainty at dust shell inner
radius (DTIN)
812-815 I4 K Teff ?=-99 Effective temperature of model
photosphere (TEFF)
817-819 I3 K e_Teff ?=-99 Effective temperature uncertainty of
model photosphere (DTEFF)
821-826 F6.3 [cm/s2] logg ?=-99 Surface gravity of model photosphere
(LOGG)
828-836 F9.5 [cm/s2] e_logg ?=-99 Surface gravity uncertainty of model
photosphere (DLOGG)
838-872 A35 --- Com Fit comment (FITCOMMENT)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 18-Nov-2016