J/MNRAS/493/2438 The 2BIGB gamma-ray blazars catalog (Arsioli+, 2020)
Extreme and high synchrotron peak blazars beyond 4FGL: the 2BIGB γ-ray
catalogue.
Arsioli B., Chang Y.-L., Musiimenta B.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 493, 2438-2451 (2020)>
=2020MNRAS.493.2438A 2020MNRAS.493.2438A (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei; Gamma rays; Energy distributions; Redshifts;
Cross identifications; BL Lac objects
Keywords: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - catalogues - galaxies: active -
BL Lacertae objects: general - gamma-rays: galaxies
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a γ-ray likelihood analysis
over all the extreme and high synchrotron peak blazars (EHSP and HSP)
from the 3HSP catalogue. We investigate 2013 multifrequency positions
under the eyes of Fermi Large Area Telescope, considering 11yr of
observations in the energy range between 500MeV and 500GeV, which
results in 1160 γ-ray signatures detected down to the TS=9
threshold. The detections include 235 additional sources concerning
the Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog (4FGL), all
confirmed via high-energy TS (Test Statistic) maps, and represent an
improvement of ∼25% for the number of EHSP and HSP currently described
in γ-rays. We build the γ-ray spectral energy distribution
(SED) for all the 1160 2BIGB sources, plot the corresponding
γ-ray logN-logS, and measure their total contribution to the
extragalactic gamma-ray background, which reaches up to ∼33% at
100GeV. Also, we show that the γ-ray detectability improves
according to the synchrotron peak flux as represented by the figure of
merit parameter, and note that the search for TeV peaked blazars may
benefit from considering HSP and EHSP as a whole, instead of EHSPs
only. The 2BIGB acronym stands for 'Second Brazil-ICRANet Gamma-ray
Blazars' catalogue.
Description:
The Second Brazil-ICRANet Gamma-ray Blazars (2BIGB) catalog is a
gamma-ray database which lists spectral data-points and the results of
a broadband analysis with Fermi-LAT, for the entire population of high
synchrotron peak blazars from the high synchrotron peak blazars (3HSP)
catalog (Chang+ 2019, J/A+A/632/A77).
The broadband analysis set up considers Pass8 data (P8R3) integrated
over 11 years of observations, and the 0.5-500GeV energy band.
The spectral data-points are calculated assuming superposed energy
bins and consider Pass8 data (P8R3), covering the 1-170GeV energy
range, integrated over 10.5yr of observations with Fermi-LAT
(see sed.dat file).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
2bigb.dat 332 1160 The Second Brazil-ICRANet Gamma-ray Blazars
(2BIGB) catalog
sed.dat 74 11554 The gamma-ray SEDs (from
2BIGB-SED-to-Upload-at-SSDC-ASI-Tools-READ.txt
file)
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Description of file:
2BIGB-3HSP-Broadband-500MeV-500GeV-11yrs.fits is the original catalog
file (2020 October 07 version) in FITS format.
See also:
VII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)
J/ApJ/715/429 : First Fermi-LAT AGN catalog (1LAC) (Abdo+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)
J/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)
J/ApJ/764/135 : Spectroscopic redshifts of BL Lac objects (Shaw+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/34 : The first Fermi-LAT >10GeV catalog (1FHL) (Ackermann+, 2013)
J/ApJ/799/86 : Isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission (Ackermann+, 2015)
J/A+A/579/A34 : 1WHSP: VHE γ-ray blazar candidates (Arsioli+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/14 : Third catalog of LAT-detected AGNs (3LAC) (Ackermann+, 2015)
J/ApJS/222/5 : The second Fermi-LAT >50GeV catalog (2FHL) (Ackermann+, 2016)
J/A+A/598/A17 : The 2WHSP catalog (Chang+, 2017)
J/A+A/598/A134 : γ-ray signature in WHSP blazars (1BIGB) (Arsioli+, 2017)
J/ApJS/232/18 : The third Fermi-LAT >10GeV catalog (3FHL) (Ajello+, 2017)
J/A+A/632/A77 : 3HSP blazars catalog (Chang+, 2019)
J/ApJS/247/16 : Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (Acciari+, 2020)
J/ApJS/247/33 : The Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)
http://bsdc.icranet.org/ : BSDC Virtual Observatory
Byte-by-byte Description of file: 2bigb.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- --- [2BIGB]
6- 21 A16 --- 2BIGB 2BIGB (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)
(2BIGB_name(J2000))
23- 31 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
(R.A.(deg)) (1)
33- 41 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-86.4/88.8] Declination (J2000)
(Dec(deg)) (1)
43- 50 F8.4 10-13ph/cm2/s/MeV N0 [0.0018/158] Normalization
(N0(E-13)_2BIGB) (2)
52- 59 F8.6 10-13ph/cm2/s/MeV e_N0 [0.0004/4.4] N0 uncertainty
(N0err(E-13)2BIGB)
61- 67 F7.5 --- gamma [1/3.12] Photon spectral index
γ at E0 (Gamma_2BIGB)
69- 77 F9.7 --- e_gamma [0.005/0.7] gamma uncertainty
(Gammaerr2BIGB)
79- 90 E12.6 ph/cm2/s F0.5-500 [1.4e-11/5.5e-8] Integrated photon
flux over 0.5-500GeV
(Flux(0.5-500GeV)_2BIG)
92-103 E12.6 ph/cm2/s e_F0.5-500 [2e-12/4e-10] F0.5-500 uncertainty
(Fluxerr(0.5-500GeV)2BIGB)
105-116 F12.5 --- TS [9/144108] Test Statistic value
(TS_2BIGB) (3)
118-128 A11 --- AName 4FGL name associated in this work
(HHMM.m+DDMM; J2000) (4)
130-140 F11.5 MeV E0 [631.7/25100] Pivot energy
(PivotEnergy_2BIGB) (5)
142-155 A14 --- [MML2015] Source name in BZCAT -5th (VII/274 ;
5BZAJHHMM+DDMM) (5BZCat) (6)
157 I1 --- Qual [0/4]? Quality flag for the overall
SED from 3HSP sources (0=good)
(sflag_3HSP) (7)
159-162 F4.1 [Hz] lognu [15/18.5] Log Synchrotron peak
frequency from 3HSP
(log(nu)_3HSP[Hz])
164-168 F5.1 [mW/m2] lognufnu [-13.1/-9.7] Log Synchrotron peak
flux in erg/cm2/s units from 3HSP
(log(nufnu)_3HSP[erg/sm2/s])
170 I1 --- f_lognu [1/3] Synchrotron peak estimation
flag (1=good) (nuflag_3HSP) (8)
172-179 F8.6 --- z [0/1.3]? Redshift from 3HSP (z_3HSP)
181 I1 --- f_z [1/5]? Redshift flag from 3HSP
(1=good) (zflag_3HSP) (9)
183-187 F5.2 --- FOM [0.03/79.5] Figure of merit
parameter from 3HSP (FOM_3HSP)
189-193 A5 --- --- [2WHSP- ]
194-209 A16 --- 2WHSP 2WHSP (Chang+, 2017, J/A+A/598/A17)
counterpart (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)
from 3HSP (WHSPnames)
211-214 A4 --- --- [4FGL]
216-228 A13 --- 4FGL 4FGL name from the 4FGL catalog
(Abdollahi+, 2020, J/ApJS/247/33),
version gll-psc-v20 (4FGLNamev0)
230-238 F9.5 deg RA4deg ? 4FGL right ascension (J2000)
(R.A.4FGL_v20)
240-248 F9.5 deg DE4deg ? 4FGL declination (J2000)
(Dec4FGLv20)
250-258 F9.5 --- Sig4FGL ? Significance of the detection
(Signif4FGLv20)
260-270 F11.5 MeV 4FGLE0 [631.7/25100]? 4FGL pivot energy
(PivotEnergy4FGL_v20)
272-282 E11.6 ph/cm2/s/MeV 4FGLN0 [2.5e-16/1.9e-11]? 4FGL
normalization parameter
(N04FGLv20)
284-294 E11.6 ph/cm2/s/MeV e_4FGLN0 [9.8e-17/2.9e-13]? 4FGLN0
uncertainty (N0err4FGL_20)
296-300 F5.3 --- PLGam [1.39/2.7]? 4FGL photon spectral
index (PLIndex4FGL_v20)
302-308 F7.5 --- e_PLGam [0.005/0.4]? PLGam uncertainty
(PLIndexerr4FGLv20)
310-320 F11.7 deg GLON Galactic longitude (GAL_LONG)
322-332 F11.7 deg GLAT Galactic latitude (GAL_LAT)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The coordinates are the multifrequency seed positions corresponding
to 3HSP sources.
Note (2): Each 3HSP (Chang+, 2019, J/A+A/632/A77) object is placed in the
ROI model as a point-like source, and described with a power-law type
of spectrum: dN/dE=N0(E/E0)-Γ (Equation 1)
where N0 is the normalization constant (pre-factor) and represents
the flux density calculated at the pivot energy E0, with Γ to
represent the photon spectral index. See Section 3.
Note (3): The Test Statistic parameter shows the statistical strength of the
gamma-ray signature compared to the local background.
Note (4): This is the 4FGL Jname according to the catalog version gll-psc-v20.
Whenever a 3HSP is within the 4FGL 95% containment region, they are
considered associated. In this case, the 4FGL source is erased from
the analysis, and replaced by a new source, center at 3HSP position.
Therefore, the 4FGL fitting parameters are all updated, not only
considering 11 years of data but also assuming a better position for
the gamma-ray source.
Note (5): This is the pivot energy "E0" used as reference energy at which both
the Normalization and Photon Spectral Slope are estimated during the
analysis. The pivot energy is optimized to reduce uncertainties
associated with Normalization and Photon Spectral Slope. For 3HSP
sources having a 4FGL counterpart, E0 is read from 4FGL gll-psc-v20.
In case the source is new concerning 4FGL, we have scanned over E0
(for the following energies: 1000, 3000, 5000, and 10000MeV) and
select the one which leads to the lowest uncertainties.
Note (6): This is the source name according to 5BZ Catalog (VII/274), meaning
the source is a confirmed blazar, with optical identification.
Nevertheless, the 3HSP catalog lists plenty of sources beyond 5BZcat,
which have optical identification and are newly confirmed blazars.
Note (7): Source flag for the 3HSPs sources that have sparse non-thermal data,
poor quality data, or somewhat peculiar flux ratios. Flag as follows:
0 = relatively good multifrequency coverage
1 = uncertain sources with few non-thermal data or with fairly large X-ray
positional error
2 = dubious photometric sources (one or two doubtful data points (due to
large positional uncertainty or problematic photometry) but still
providing a reasonable HSP-like SED)
3 = relatively low peak flux-radio flux ratio sources
4 = ambiguous origins of IR and optical data (either from synchrotron or
from host galaxy).
Note (8): Flag as follows:
1 = robust estimate
2 = uncertain value
3 = lower limit value
Note (9): Redshift flag as follows:
1 = firm estimation
2 = uncertain value
3 = lower limit
4 = photometric redshift of an object with featureless optical spectrum
5 = photometric redshift of an objects for which no optical spectrum
is available
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: sed.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
11- 19 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-86.4/88.8] Declination (J2000)
21- 29 E9.5 Hz Freq [2.4e+23/4.12e+25] Frequency
31- 39 E9.4 mW/m2 Flux [1.27e-14/9e-11] Flux in erg/cm2/s units
41- 49 E9.4 mW/m2 e_Flux [1.1e-14/6.1e-12]?=0 Flux uncertainty
51- 52 A2 --- l_Flux [UL- ] UL=upper limit flag
54- 58 A5 --- --- [2BIGB]
59- 74 A16 --- 2BIGB 2BIGB designation (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS);
column added by CDS
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History:
Downloaded from:
http://github.com/BrunoArsioli/2BIGB-GammaRay-Blazar-Catalog
02-Oct-2020: Insert into VizieR
07-Oct-2020: sqrt(TS)4FGLv20 values changed for Signif4FGLv20 values
in bigb.dat (approximately the square root of the TS value) and
2BIGB J233920.9-740435 data points added in sed.dat
References:
Arsioli & Chang 1BIGB. 2017A&A...598A.134A 2017A&A...598A.134A Cat. J/A+A/598/A134
Arsioli et al. 1BIGB SEDs. 2018MNRAS.480.2165A 2018MNRAS.480.2165A
Arsioli & Polenta LSP blazars 2018A&A...616A..20A 2018A&A...616A..20A
Chang et al. 2WHSP 2017A&A...598A..17C 2017A&A...598A..17C Cat. J/A+A/598/A17
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 30-Sep-2020