J/MNRAS/499/4026 NGC 6254 variable stars VI light curves (Arellano Ferro+, 2020)
The globular cluster M10: reassessment of stellar membership, distance,
and age using its variable and HB stars.
    Arellano Ferro A., Yepez M.A., Muneer S., Bustos Fierro I.H.,
    Schroder K.P., Giridhar S., Calderon J.H.
   <Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 499, 4026-4039 (2020)>
   =2020MNRAS.499.4026A 2020MNRAS.499.4026A    (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular ; Photometry, VRI
Keywords: stars: evolution - stars: fundamental parameters -
          stars: horizontal branch - stars: variables: RR Lyrae -
          globular clusters: individual: (M10)
Abstract:
    Time-series VI CCD photometry of the globular cluster M10 (NGC 6254)
    is employed to perform a detailed identification, inspection of their
    light curves, their classification and their cluster membership, of
    all the known variables reported up to 2018. The membership analysis
    is based on the Gaia-DR2 positions and proper motions. The metallicity
    of the cluster is estimated based on the sole RRc star known in the
    cluster. The Fourier decomposition of its light curve leads to
    [Fe/H]ZW=-1.59±0.23dex. The mean cluster distance, estimated by
    several independent methods is 5.0±0.3kpc. A multi-approach
    search in a region of about 10x10arcmin2 around the cluster
    revealed three new variables, one SX Phe (V35) and two sinusoidal
    variables on the red giant branch of unclear classification (V36,V37).
    Modelling the HB stars is very sensitive to the stellar hydrogen shell
    mass, which surrounds the 0.50M☉ helium core. To match the full
    stretch of the HB population, a range of total mass of 0.56 to
    0.62M☉ is required. These models support a distance of 5.35kpc
    and an age of about 13Gyrs, and hints to some individual variation of
    the mass loss on the upper RGB, perhaps caused by the presence of
    closed magnetic field in red giants.
Description:
    The data used in this work were obtained from three sites. The first
    set of data was obtained with the 0.84m telescope at the San Pedro
    Mertir Observatory, (Baja California, Mexico), during 16
    non-consecutive nights, between 2018 June 18th and 2019 July 01th. We
    used a Spectral Instrument CCD of 1024x1024 pixels with a scale of
    0.444arcsec/pix, translating to an FoV of approximately
    7.57x7.57arcmin2. The second set of data was obtained at the Bosque
    Alegre Astrophysical Station of the Cordoba Observatory, Universidad
    Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina, with the 1.54-m telescope.
    Observations were acquired during 5 non-consecutive nights between
    2018 August 11th and 2019 September 02th. The detector in 2018 was a
    CCD KAF-16803 of 4096x4096-pixels, and in 2019 a CCD KAF-6303E of
    3072x2048-pixels. The FoV on the first CCD was 16.9x16.9-arcmin2,
    and on the second one 12.6x8.4-arcmin2. In both seasons, the
    detectors were binned 2x2 for a scale of 0.496arcsec/pix, and the
    frames were trimmed to a maximum size of approximately 10arcmin2 in
    order to avoid images severely affected by coma. The third set of data
    was obtained using the 2m telescope at the Indian Astronomical
    Observatory (IAO) in Hanle, India on 1 night on 2020 April 24th. The
    detector used was a SITe ST-002 thinned backside illuminated CCD of
    2048x2048-pixels with a scale of 0.296arcsec/pix, which translates
    into a FoV of approximately 10.1x10.1-arcmin2.
    V and I time-series CCD photometry for known variables in the
    10.1'x10.1' filed of view of NGC 6254 (M10).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe            80        .   This file
table3.dat        96       37   Data of variable stars in M10 in the FoV of
                                 our images 
table5.dat        50    25600   VI photometry of 42 variables in the field of
                                 NGC 6254 (M10) 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  3  A3    ---     VName     Variable name (V1-V37 and N3) (G1)
       4  A1    ---   n_VName     [d] Note on Name (1)
   6- 11  A6    ---     VarType   Variable type
  14- 19  F6.3  mag     <Vmag>    ? Intensity-weighted mean V magnitude
      20  A1    ---   n_<Vmag>    [i] i when <Vmag> is magnitude-weighted
                                   mean V magnitude
  22- 27  F6.3  mag     <Imag>    ? Intensity-weighted mean I magnitude
      28  A1    ---   n_<Imag>    [i] i when <Imag> is magnitude-weighted
                                   mean I magnitude
  30- 34  F5.3  mag     AV        ? Amplitude in V band
  36- 40  F5.3  mag     AI        ? Amplitude in I band
  42- 49  F8.6  d       Per       ? This work period (2)
  52- 60  F9.6  d       Perl      ? Period from Rozyczka et al.,
                                   2018AcA....68..237R 2018AcA....68..237R
  62- 70  F9.4  d       HJDmax    ? Time of maximum brightness (HJD-2459999)
  72- 73  I2    h       RAh       Right ascension (J2000)
  75- 76  I2    min     RAm       Right ascension (J2000)
  78- 82  F5.2  s       RAs       Right ascension (J2000)
      84  A1    ---     DE-       Declination sign (J2000)
      85  I1    deg     DEd       Declination (J2000)
  87- 88  I2    arcmin  DEm       Declination (J2000)
  90- 94  F5.2  arcsec  DEs       Declination (J2000)
      96  A1    ---     Memb      [YN?] Membership status (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): d: Newly reported in this work.
Note (2): All light curves in Fig. 3 are phased with these periods. When our
  data were scanty for a proper determination, the period from RO18 was adopted.
  These periods should be preferred to the ones found in Section 7.
Note (3): Membership status as follows:
     Y = member
     N = no-member
     ? = no proper motion available
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2-  4  A3    ---     VName     Variable name (G1)
      10  A1    ---     Filter    [VI] Observation filter
  15- 27  F13.5 d       HJD       Heliocentric Julian date
  30- 35  F6.3  mag     magst     Standard magnitude
  38- 43  F6.3  mag     maginst   Instrumental magnitude
  46- 50  F5.3  mag   e_maginst   Error on the magnitude
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Simbad names:
   V1-V16 : Cl* NGC 6254 SAW VNN
   V17-V24 : [RNS2018] NGC 6254 VNN
   V23, V30, V34
   N3 : [RNS2018] N3
Acknowledgements:
    Armando Arellano Ferro, armando(at)astro.unam.mx
References:
   Rozyczka et al., 2018AcA....68..237R 2018AcA....68..237R
(End) A. Arellano Ferro [[IA-UNAM, Mexico], P. Vannier [CDS]         29-Nov-2020