J/MNRAS/502/2859 The VMC survey XLI - PMs within the SMC (Niederhofer+, 2021)
The VMC survey - XLI. Stellar proper motions within the Small Magellanic Cloud.
Niederhofer F., Cioni M.-R.L., Rubele S., Schmidt T., Diaz J.D.,
Matijevic G., Bekki K., Bell C.P.M., de Grijs R., El Youssoufi D.,
Ivanov V.D., Oliveira J.M., Ripepi V., Subramanian S., Sun N.-C.,
van Loon J.T.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 502, 2859-2878 (2021)>
=2021MNRAS.502.2859N 2021MNRAS.502.2859N (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; Proper motions ; Infrared
Keywords: surveys - stars: kinematics and dynamics -
galaxies: individual: SMC - Magellanic Clouds - proper motion
Abstract:
We used data from the near-infrared Visible and Infrared Telescope for
Astronomy (VISTA) survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC) to
measure proper motions (PMs) of stars within the Small Magellanic
Cloud (SMC). The data analysed in this study comprise 26 VMC tiles,
covering a total contiguous area on the sky of ∼40deg2. Using
multi-epoch observations in the Ks band over time baselines between
13 and 38 months, we calculated absolute PMs with respect to ∼130000
background galaxies. We selected a sample of ∼2160000 likely SMC
member stars to model the centre-of-mass motion of the galaxy. The
results found for three different choices of the SMC centre are in
good agreement with recent space-based measurements. Using the
systemic motion of the SMC, we constructed spatially resolved residual
PM maps and analysed for the first time the internal kinematics of the
intermediate-age/old and young stellar populations separately. We
found outward motions that point either towards a stretching of the
galaxy or stripping of its outer regions. Stellar motions towards the
North might be related to the 'Counter Bridge' behind the SMC. The
young populations show larger PMs in the region of the SMC Wing,
towards the young Magellanic Bridge. In the older populations, we
further detected a coordinated motion of stars away from the SMC in
the direction of the Old Bridge as well as a stream towards the SMC.
Description:
The VMC survey is a deep and homogeneous near-infrared survey of the
Magellanic Cloud system (Cioni et al. 2011A&A...527A.116C 2011A&A...527A.116C, Cat.
II/351), using the 4.1m VISTA telescope at Cerro Paranal (Sutherland
et al. 2015A&A...575A..25S 2015A&A...575A..25S). The survey started acquiring data in 2009
and finished observations in October 2018, covering a total area on
the sky of 170deg2. The data of the survey were taken using the
VISTA infrared camera (VIRCAM; Dalton et al. 2006SPIE.6269E..0XD;
Emerson, McPherson & Sutherland 2006Msngr.126...41E 2006Msngr.126...41E) in the three
near-infrared filters YJKs (central wavelengths: 1.02, 1.25, and
2.15µm, respectively). VIRCAM is equipped with 16 individual
detectors arranged in a 4x4 array. Each detector is composed of
2048x2048 pixels with a mean pixel size of 0.339" (∼0.1pc at the
distance of the SMC). To cover the large gaps between the VIRCAM
detectors and observe a contiguous area on the sky, the survey
strategy involves six single exposures (pawprints) of the same region,
each shifted by a specific offset. The combination of these six
pawprints forms a VMC tile. The final tile covers a total area of
1.77deg2, whereas the tile region with at least two exposures covers
1.50deg2.
We determine the proper motions following the methods developed by
Cioni et al. (2016A&A...586A..77C 2016A&A...586A..77C) and refined by Niederhofer et al.
(2018A&A...612A.115N 2018A&A...612A.115N).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
oldpm.dat 57 171 Binned absolute PMs of the old SMC stellar
population
oldres.dat 57 171 Binned residual PMs of the old SMC stellar
population
combpm.dat 57 172 Binned absolute PMs of the combined SMC stellar
population
combres.dat 57 172 Binned residual PMs of the combined SMC stellar
population
youngpm.dat 56 25 Binned absolute PMs of the young SMC stellar
population
youngres.dat 56 25 Binned residual PMs of the young SMC stellar
population
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/351 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (Cioni+, 2011)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: oldpm.dat oldres.dat combpm.dat combres.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 F12.8 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (G1)
14- 25 F12.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (G1)
27- 32 F6.3 mas/yr pmW Proper motion µW=-µαcosδ
(G2)
34- 38 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmW Error on pmW (G3)
40- 45 F6.3 mas/yr pmN Proper motion µN=µδ (G2)
47- 51 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmN Error on pmN (G3)
53- 57 I5 --- N Number of stars within the bin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: youngpm.dat youngres.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 F11.8 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (G1)
13- 24 F12.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (G1)
26- 31 F6.3 mas/yr pmW Proper motion µW=-µαcosδ
(G2)
33- 37 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmW Error on pmW (G3)
39- 44 F6.3 mas/yr pmN Proper motion µN=µδ (G2)
46- 50 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmN Error on pmN (G3)
52- 56 I5 --- N Number of stars within the bin
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Global Notes:
Note (G1): RAdeg and DEdeg values are the mean coordinates of the stars within
each bin
Note (G2): µW and µN are the median proper motions of the stars within
each bin
Note (G3): The associated uncertainties are calculated as the standard deviation
of the proper motion components divided by the square root of the
number of stars within the bin
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Girardi et al., 2005A&A...436..895G 2005A&A...436..895G
Cioni et al., Paper I 2011A&A...527A.116C 2011A&A...527A.116C, Cat. II/351
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(End) Ana Fiallos [CDS] 30-Oct-2023