J/MNRAS/509/421 Galactic metallicity gradient with open clusters (Netopil+ 2022)
The Galactic metallicity gradient shown by open clusters in the light of
radial migration.
Netopil M., Oralhan I. A., Cakmak H., Michel R., Karatas Y.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 509, 421 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.509..421N 2022MNRAS.509..421N (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Clusters, open ; Abundances, [Fe/H]
Keywords: techniques: photometric - techniques: spectroscopic -
Galaxy: abundances - open clusters and associations: general
Abstract:
During the last years and decades, several individual studies and
large-scale spectroscopic surveys significantly improved our knowledge
of the Galactic metallicity distribution based on open clusters. The
availability of Gaia data provided a further step forward in our
knowledge. However, still some open issues remain, for example, the
influence of radial migration on the interpretation of the observed
gradients. We used spectroscopic metallicities from individual studies
and from the APOGEE survey to compile a sample of 136 open clusters,
with a membership verification based on Gaia DR2. Additionally, we
present photometric metallicity estimates of 14 open clusters in a
somewhat outer Galactic region. Eight age groups allow us to study the
evolution of the metallicity gradient in detail, showing within the
errors an almost constant gradient of about -0.06dex/kpc.
Furthermore, using the derived gradients and an analysis of the
individual objects, we estimate a mean migration rate of 1kpc/Gyr for
objects up to about 2Gyr. Here, the change of the guiding radius is
clearly the main contributor. For older and dynamically hotter objects
up to 6Gyr we infer a lower migration rate of up to 0.5kpc/Gyr. The
influence of epicyclic excursions increases with age and contributes
already about 1 kpc to the total migration distance after 6Gyr. A
comparison of our results with available models shows good agreement.
However, there is still a lack of a suitable coverage of older
objects, future studies are still needed to provide a better sampling
in this respect.
Description:
Table 4 provides the physical parameters of 136 open clusters with
spectroscopic metallicities. Table 5 provides the orbital parameters
of the complete sample, including the photometrically analysed objects
(146 objects in total). Furthermore, we provide the evolutionary grids
and Zero-Age-Main-Sequence, which were used to derive the
astrophysical parameters of the photometrically analysed objects.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 70 136 Physical parameters of the open clusters
table5.dat 106 146 Orbital parameters of the open clusters
grid.dat 65 1322 Differential evolutionary grids
zams.dat 10 47 The ZAMS used for the differential evolutionary
grids
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See also:
J/A+A/476/217 : Fundamental parameters of 5 old open clusters (Carraro+ 2007)
J/MNRAS/393/272 : Spectroscopy of red giants in 12 open clusters (Warren+ 2009)
J/AJ/139/1942 : EW of red giants in 6 open clusters (Friel+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/59 : Chemical abundance in 10 open clusters (Jacobson+, 2011)
J/A+A/603/A2 : Gaia-ESO Survey abundances radial distribution
(Magrini+, 2017)
J/AJ/159/199 : OCCAM. IV. Open cluster abundances using APOGEE DR16
(Donor+, 2020)
J/A+A/647/A19 : 3D Kinematics and age of OCs (Tarricq+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Open cluster name
15- 21 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude of the cluster
23- 29 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude of the cluster
31- 34 F4.2 [yr] logAge Adopted age (logt) of the cluster
36- 40 F5.2 kpc Dist Adopted distance in kpc
42- 46 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] Fe over H (in dex)
48- 51 F4.2 [-] e_[Fe/H] ? [Fe/H] error (in dex)
53- 54 I2 --- Nstars Number of stars used for [Fe/H]
56- 57 I2 --- Nmeas ? Number of measurements used for [Fe/H]
59- 64 A6 --- r_[Fe/H] Origin of [Fe/H] (Apogee, HQ or LQ sample)
66- 70 F5.2 kpc Rgc Galactocentric distance in kpc
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Open cluster name
15- 21 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude of the cluster
23- 29 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude of the cluster
31- 37 F7.2 km/s RV Radial velocity
39- 42 F4.2 km/s e_RV ? RV error
44- 46 I3 --- Nstars Number of stars used for RV
48- 66 A19 --- r_RV References for RV
68- 72 F5.2 kpc Rgc Galactocentric distance in kpc
74- 78 F5.2 kpc Apo Apocentre distance of the cluster orbit
80- 84 F5.2 kpc Peri Pericentre distance of the cluster orbit
86- 90 F5.2 kpc Rguide Guiding radius of the cluster
92- 96 F5.2 kpc Rbirth Birth radius of the cluster
98-101 F4.2 --- Ecc Eccentricity of the cluster orbit
103-106 F4.2 kpc Zmax Maximum distance above Galactic plane
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: grid.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 F4.2 [yr] logAge Age (logt) of the differential grid
6- 9 F4.2 Lsun logL Luminosity
11- 17 F7.4 --- TN0.004 Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.004 (1)
19- 25 F7.4 --- TN0.006 Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.006 (1)
27- 33 F7.4 --- TN0.010 ? Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.010 (1)
35- 41 F7.4 --- TN0.014 ? Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.014 (1)
43- 49 F7.4 --- TN0.020 ? Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.020 (1)
51- 57 F7.4 --- TN0.030 ? Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.030 (1)
59- 65 F7.4 --- TN0.040 ? Normalized effective temperature for
Z=0.040 (1)
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Note (1): TN is the normalized effective temperature, the difference in dex
between the evolutionary grid and the ZAMS at solar metallicity.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: zams.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 F3.1 [Lsun] logL Luminosity
5- 10 F6.4 [K] logTeff Effective temperature
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Acknowledgements:
Martin Netopil, mn.netopil(at)gmail.com
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 24-Nov-2021