J/MNRAS/510/3389 High-mass star formation evolutionary trends (Urquhart+, 2022)
ATLASGAL - evolutionary trends in high-mass star formation.
Urquhart J.S., Wells M.R.A., Pillai T., Leurini S., Giannetti A.,
Moore T.J.T., Thompson M.A., Figura C., Colombo D., Yang A.Y., Koeonig C.,
Wyrowski F., Menten K.M., Rigby A.J., Eden D.J., Ragan S.E.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 510, 3389 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.510.3389U 2022MNRAS.510.3389U (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: H II regions ; Star Forming Region ; Stars, early-type ;
Stars, distances
Keywords: stars: early-type - stars: formation - ISM: evolution -
Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics - submillimetre: ISM -
Abstract:
ATLASGAL is an 870um dust survey of 420deg2 the inner Galactic
plane and has been used to identify ∼10000 dense molecular
clumps. Dedicated follow-up observations and complementary surveys are
used to characterize the physical properties of these clumps, map
their Galactic distribution, and investigate the evolutionary sequence
for high-mass star formation. The analysis of the ATLASGAL data is
ongoing: We present an up-to-date version of the catalogue. We have
classified 5007 clumps into four evolutionary stages (quiescent,
protostellar, young stellar objects and HII regions) and find
similar numbers of clumps in each stage, suggesting a similar
lifetime. The luminosity-to-mass (Lbol/Mfwhm) ratio curve shows a
smooth distribution with no significant kinks or discontinuities when
compared to the mean values for evolutionary stages indicating that
the star formation process is continuous and that the observational
stages do not represent fundamentally different stages or changes in
the physical mechanisms involved. We compare the evolutionary sample
with other star formation tracers (methanol and water masers, extended
green objects and molecular outflows) and find that the association
rates with these increases as a function of evolutionary stage,
confirming that our classification is reliable. This also reveals a
high association rate between quiescent sources and molecular
outflows, revealing that outflows are the earliest indication that
star formation has begun and that star formation is already ongoing in
many of the clumps that are dark even at 70um.
Description:
Derived clump parameters for ATLASGAL clumps located in the Galactic
longitudes 300 < l < 357 and 3 < l < 60.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 143 8763 Summary of the kinematic distance analysis
table3.dat 144 877 Derived association parameters
table4.dat 113 8417 Derived clump parameters
table6.dat 150 877 Physical parameters for the complexes identified
refs.dat 95 85 References
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See also:
J/A+A/540/A113 : Starless clumps in ATLASGAL (Tackenberg+, 2012)
J/A+A/544/A146 : ATLASGAL cold high-mass clumps with NH3 (Wienen+, 2012)
J/A+A/549/A45 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 330<l<21 (Contreras+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/431/1752 : ATLASGAL 6.7GHz methanol masers (Urquhart+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/435/400 : ATLASGAL. Properties of compact HII regions
(Urquhart+, 2013)
J/A+A/565/A75 : ATLASGAL: dust condensations in Galactic plane
(Csengeri+, 2014)
J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A65 : ATLASGAL massive clumps CO depletion (Giannetti+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps sample
(Urquhart+, 2014)
J/A+A/579/A91 : ATLASGAL inner Galaxy massive cold dust clumps
(Wienen+, 2015)
J/A+A/581/A74 : Molecular clouds as viewed by ATLASGAL
(Abreu-Vicente+, 2015)
J/A+A/586/A149 : SiO in ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps (Csengeri+, 2016)
J/A+A/591/A5 : ATLASGAL dense filamentary structures (Li+, 2016)
J/ApJ/824/29 : ATLASGAL clumps with IRAS flux and MALT90 data
(Stephens+, 2016)
J/A+A/599/A139 : ATLASGAL massive clumps dust characterization
(Koenig+, 2017)
J/A+A/600/L10 : Massive cluster progenitors from ATLASGAL (Csengeri+, 2017)
J/A+A/601/A60 : ATLASGAL: Massive cluster progenitors sample
(Csengeri+, 2017)
J/A+A/602/A37 : Millimeter RRL in ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps
(Kim+, 2017)
J/A+A/603/A33 : Temperature evolution in massive clumps (Giannetti+, 2017)
J/ApJS/231/11 : High-mass starless clump candidates from ATLASGAL
(Yuan+, 2017)
J/A+A/611/A6 : ATLASGAL massive clumps H2CO data (Tang+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A166 : SEDIGISM, kinematics of ATLASGAL filaments (Mattern+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/473/1059 : Complete sample of Galactic clump properties
(Urquhart+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/3 : Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumps
(Yang+, 2018)
J/A+A/622/A135 : Mid-J CO emission of Top100 clumps (Navarete+, 2019)
J/A+A/631/A72 : SABOCA 350um view of ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps
(Lin+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/484/4444 : ATLASGAL dense clumps Molecular parameters (Urquhart+, 2019)
J/A+A/644/A160 : ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps. Chemistry of PDR
(Kim+, 2020)
J/A+A/649/A21 : ATLASGAL deuteration of ammonia (Wienen+, 2021)
J/ApJ/885/131 : ∼200 high-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI
(Reid+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 A18 --- Clump ATLASGAL catalogue name
20- 25 F6.1 km/s VLSR ?=-999 Radial Velocity
(-999 indicates non-detection)
27- 45 A19 --- r_VLSR Shorthand reference for VLSR, in refs.dat file
47- 50 F4.1 kpc DReid ? Reid et al. (2019ApJ...885..131R 2019ApJ...885..131R) distance
52- 55 F4.1 kpc Dnear ? Reid Near distance solution
57- 60 F4.1 kpc Dfar ? Reid Far distance solution
62- 65 F4.1 kpc Dgeo ? Geometric distance solution
67- 72 A6 --- f_D Geometric distance flag indicating method
used to assign distance (1)
74-122 A49 --- r_D Literature reference used to assign distance,
in refs.dat file
124-138 A15 --- Cluster Name determined from the mean position of the
associated clumps (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)
140-143 F4.1 kpc Dcluster ? Distance assigned for the cluster
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Note (1): method used to assign distance as follows:
(i) = Parallax/spectroscopic
(ii) = Outer galaxy
(iii) = Tangent
(iv) = Z distance
(v) = HI EA
(vi) = HI SA near or far
(vii) = IRDC associations
(viii) = Literature
(ix) = Ambiguous
(x) = No VLSR available
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Association catalogue name
17- 56 A40 --- Complex Literature name
58- 60 I3 --- NumAssoc Number of associated clumps
62- 68 F7.3 deg GLON Mean longitude of associated clumps
70- 75 F6.3 deg GLAT Mean latitude of associated clumps
77- 82 F6.1 km/s VLSR Mean radial Velocity
86- 89 F4.1 km/s e_VLSR Uncertainty in radial Velocity
91- 97 F7.4 kpc Dist ? Heliocentric distance
99-106 F8.5 kpc e_Dist ? Uncertainty in heliocentric distance
108-144 A37 --- r_Dist Reference associated with distance assignment,
in refs.dat file
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- Clump ATLASGAL catalogue name
19- 51 A33 --- EvolType Star formation evolutionary stage
53- 56 F4.1 K Tdust ? Dust temperature
58- 63 F6.1 km/s VLSR ? Radial velocity
65- 68 F4.1 kpc Dist ? Assigned heliocentric distance
70- 74 F5.2 kpc RGC ? Galactocentric distance
76- 79 F4.2 pc RFWHM ? FWHM radius
81- 86 F6.3 [Lsun] logL ? Log of the luminosity in solar luminosities
88- 93 F6.3 [Msun] logMFWHM ? Log of the FWHM mass in solar masses
95- 99 F5.3 cm-3 NH2 ? H2 volume density
101-105 F5.3 Myr tauff ? Free-fall timescale
107-113 F7.2 Lsun/Msun L/MFWHM ? Luminosity/MFWHM ratio
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Association catalogue name
17- 56 A40 --- Complex Literature name
58- 60 I3 --- NumAssoc Number of associated clumps
62- 67 F6.2 deg GLON Mean longitude of associated clumps
69- 73 F5.2 deg e_GLON Uncertainty in mean longitude of
associated clumps
75- 79 F5.2 deg GLAT Mean latitude of associated clumps
81- 84 F4.2 deg e_GLAT Uncertainty in mean latitude of
associated clumps
86- 91 F6.1 km/s VLSR Mean radial Velocity
94- 97 F4.1 km/s e_VLSR Uncertainty in radial Velocity
99-103 F5.2 kpc Dist Heliocentric distance
105-109 F5.2 kpc RGC Galactocentric distance
111-114 F4.1 K Tdust ? Dust temperature
117-120 F4.1 K e_Tdust ? Uncertainty in dust temperature
122-126 F5.2 [Lsun] logLcl ? Log of the cluster luminosity
128-132 F5.2 % Lclpc ? Percentage of total luminosity from sample
134-138 F5.2 [Msun] logMclr ? Log of the cluster mass
140-143 F4.2 % Mclpc ? Percentage of total mass from sample
145-150 F6.2 Lsun/Msun L/M ? Cluster Luminosity/Mass_FWHM ratio
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 27 A27 --- Ref Reference code
29- 47 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
49- 73 A25 --- Aut Author's name
75- 95 A21 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
James Urquhart, J.S.Urquhart(at)kent.ac.uk
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 28-Feb-2022