VII/277 The Million Quasars (Milliquas) catalog (Flesch, 2016)
The Million Quasars (Milliquas) catalog
Flesch E.W.
<Pub. Astron. Soc. Australia 32, 10 (2015)>
=2015PASA...32...10F 2015PASA...32...10F
=2017yCat.7277....0F 2017yCat.7277....0F
ADC_Keywords: QSOs ; Active gal. nuclei ; Redshifts ; Magnitudes
Keywords: catalogs - quasars: general
Description:
This is a compendium of 452,794 type-I QSOs and AGN, largely complete
from the literature to 21 June 2016. Also included are ∼900K
high-confidence quasar candidates from SDSS-based photometric quasar
catalogs (of 90%+ likelihood) and from all-sky radio/X-ray associated
objects (of 80%+ likelihood). Type-II and Bl Lac objects are also
included, bringing the total count to 1,422,219.
This version is the same as v4.8 but with these changes:
(1) The 3XMM-DR6 X-ray source catalog
(www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xsa) has been added and new X-ray
associations calculated.
(2) Radio/X-ray data have been reprocessed in line with that of the
new Million Optical Radio/X-ray (MORX) associations catalogue, in
preparation.
The catalog format is simple, each object is shown as one line bearing
the J2000 coordinates, its original name, object class, red and blue
optical magnitudes, PSF class, redshift, the citations for the name
and redshift, plus up to four radio/X-ray identifiers where
applicable.
Questions/comments/praise/complaints may be directed to Eric Flesch at
eric(at)flesch.org.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
catalog.dat 190 1422219 The Milliquas catalogue, V4.8 (22 June 2016)
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See also:
VII/273 : The Half Million Quasars (HMQ) catalogue (Flesch, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: catalog.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 F11.7 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (1)
13- 23 F11.7 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (1)
26- 50 A25 --- Name ID from the literature, or J2000 (2)
52 A1 --- Cl [ABKQq] Classification of object (3)
53- 55 A3 --- Assoc [2RX ] Summary of associations for object (4)
57- 60 F4.1 mag Rmag ?=- Red optical magnitude (5)
62- 65 F4.1 mag Bmag ?=- Blue optical magnitude (5)
67- 69 A3 --- Comment Comment on optical object (6)
71 A1 --- R Red optical PSF class (7)
73 A1 --- B Blue optical PSF class (7)
75- 80 F6.3 --- z ? Redshift from the literature (8)
82- 87 A6 --- r_Name Citation for name (9)
89- 94 A6 --- r_z Citation for redshift (9)
96- 98 I3 pct Qpct ? Probability that this object is a QSO (10)
100-121 A22 --- XName X-ray ID, if any (11)
123-144 A22 --- RName Radio ID, if any (11)
146-167 A22 --- Lobe1 Radio lobe ID or extra R/X ID, if any (11)
169-190 A22 --- Lobe2 Radio lobe ID or extra X-ray ID, if any (11)
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Note (1): These are to 7 decimals which is too precise, but which accomodates a
miniscule round-up which prevents inadvertent truncation by the user when
converting to sexagesimal.
Note (2): "BOSS" prefix indicates an XDQSO BOSS target (XDQSO good=0).
"XDQ" prefix is an XDQSO non-BOSS object (XDQSO good=1,2).
Nameless radio/X-ray associated objects here display the J2000 position in
HHMMSS.S+DDMMSS for the convenience of the user. If needing a name for it,
just preface this J2000 with "MQ ", e.g., MQ J000001.5-251706.
Note (3): Classification of object as follows:
Q = QSO from the literature, broad-line unresolved type I, 426055 of these.
A = AGN, extended/Seyferts/low-luminosity type I, 26739 of these.
B = BL Lac object, 1610 of these.
q = photometric quasar candidate, SDSS-based, 881271 of these.
K = type II object, 32783 of these.
Note (4): Summary of associations for object as follows:
R = Radio association displayed.
X = X-ray association displayed.
2 = Double radio lobes displayed (declared by data-driven algorithm).
Note (5): Optical data is from the APM (http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~mike/apmcat),
USNO-A & USNO-B
(https://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/usno-b1.0 ), and
the SDSS (http://sdss.org).
APM/USNO-A magnitudes have been recalibrated from the original values as
documented in QORG (2004, Cat. J/A+A/427/387), so such USNO-A magnitudes
are often used in preference to USNO-B. APM galaxies <17.0mag are usually
shown too bright due to PSF modelling. Note: many SDSS magnitudes are
"extinction-corrected" ∼0.3 mag brighter than photometry.
Note (6): Comment on optical object legend as follows:
p = optical magnitudes are POSS-I O (violet 4100Å) and E (red 6500Å).
These are preferred because O is well-offset from E, and these plates
were always taken on the same night, thus the red-blue color is
correct even for variable objects.
j = blue magnitude is SERC J (Bj 4800A blue-green) from the POSS-II or
UKST surveys. Red-blue color is less reliable because the plates were
taken in different epochs, i.e. years apart.
g = blue magnitude is SDSS green 4900Å
u = blue magnitude is SDSS ultraviolet 3850Å
b = blue magnitude is Vega 4400Å
v = red magnitude is visual, ie, white, 5500Å midpoint
i = red magnitude is infrared 7500Å
z = red magnitude is infrared z 8500Å
k = red magnitude is infrared k 22000Å
(not v/i/z/k) = standard red color 6500Å
+ = variability nominally* detected for both red & blue
m = proper motion nominally* detected
a = object is an SDSS galaxy with AGN subclass. If also BROADLINE then
Milliquas class is 'A', otherwise 'K' (see note 2).
? = identification uncertain (quasar may be located elsewhere, 4 of these)
( * from USNO-B or Flesch & Hardcastle, 2004A&A...427..387F 2004A&A...427..387F, section A.1 end)
Note (7): The APM, USNO-B, and SDSS provide PSF class, albeit using different
criteria. These are shown here as follows:
- = point source / stellar PSF (APM notation: -1, here truncated)
1 = fuzzy / galaxy shape (APM notation: 1 and some 2)
n = no PSF available, whether borderline or too faint to tell, etc.
x = not seen in this color (fainter than plate depth, or confused, etc.)
Note (8): Photometric most-likely redshifts are rounded here to 0.1 z. The
XDQSO catalog does not provide photometric redshifts, so those are provided
either by NBCKDE or by this catalog using the method detailed in Appendix 2
of my HMQ paper (2015PASA...32...10F 2015PASA...32...10F).
Note (9): Legend (with counts of name and redshift) and references:
2QZ (23008, 19654) : Croom S.M. et al., 2004MNRAS.349.1397C 2004MNRAS.349.1397C, Cat. VII/241
2SLAQ (7747, 6550) : Croom S.M. et al., 2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/392/19
3LAC (27, 28) : FERMI AGN v3, Ackermann M. et al.,
2015, Cat. J/ApJ/810/14
6dF (48, 0) : 6dF galaxy survey, Jones D.H. et al.,
2009MNRAS.399..683J 2009MNRAS.399..683J, Cat. VII/259
ARXA (8152, 0) : Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations, Flesch E.,
2010PASA...27..283F 2010PASA...27..283F, Cat. V/134
DR12 (20942, 30824) : Alam S. et al., 2015ApJS..219...12A 2015ApJS..219...12A,
http://sdss.org/dr12
DR12Q (278151, 301872) : SDSS-DR12Q, Paris I. et al., 2016, paper in prep.,
files at http://data.sdss3.org/sas/dr12/boss/qso/DR12Q
DR7 (17522, 16814) : SDSS DR7, Abazajian K.N. et al., 2009ApJS..182..543A 2009ApJS..182..543A
files at http://classic.sdss.org/dr7/products/spectra/getspectra.html
DR7Q (93818, 80339) : SDSS Quasar DR7, Schneider D. et al.,
2010AJ....139.2360S 2010AJ....139.2360S, Cat. VII/260
HMQ (31254, 29476) : Half Million Quasars catalog, Flesch E.,
2015PASA...32...10F 2015PASA...32...10F, Cat, VII/273, references
therein to the original authors & papers.
LAMOST (780,780) : LAMOST-DR1, Luo A.-L. et al.,
2015RAA....15.1095L 2015RAA....15.1095L, Cat. V/146
MQ (33635, 98377) : MILLIQUAS, original data in this catalog,
Flesch E.,2016
NBCKDE (17394, 121873) : Richards G.T. et al, 2009, Cat. J/ApJS/180/67
NBCKv3 (640276, 640276): NBCKDE v3, Richards G.T. et al.,
2015, Cat. J/ApJS/219/39
NED (4, 4) : NASA/IPAC Extragalactic DB,
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu
OVRLAP (5, 5) : SDSS overlap hi-z QSOs, Jiang L. et al.,
2015AJ....149..188J 2015AJ....149..188J
PETERS (16476, 16476) : photo special, Peters C.M. et al.,
2015ApJ...811...95P 2015ApJ...811...95P
PGC (13342, 8) : Principal Galaxy Catalogue, Paturel G. et al.,
2003A&A...412...45P 2003A&A...412...45P, Cat. VII/237
PSO (3, 3) : PAN-STARRS z-dropouts, Venemans B.P. et al.,
2015ApJ...801L..11V 2015ApJ...801L..11V
QORG (11915, 0) : QORG, Flesch E. and Hardcastle M.,
2004, Cat. J/A+A/427/387
SIMBAD (0, 0) : SIMBAD Astronomical DB,
http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad
UVQS (434, 524) : UV QSOs, Monroe T.R. et al., 2016, Cat. J/AJ/152/25
VMC (34, 34) : Magellanic IR QSOs, Ivanov V.D. et al.,
2016A&A...588A..93I 2016A&A...588A..93I
WISEHI (70, 70) : Hi-z QSOs from WISE, Wang F. et al.,
2016, Cat. J/ApJ/819/24
XDQSO (207167, 0) : SDSS-XDQSO, Bovy J. et al, 2011ApJ...729..141B 2011ApJ...729..141B
The citation for the classification (e.g., that the object is a quasar) can
be from either the name or redshift citation.
Note (10): For a QSO candidate (type starting with q/R/X/2), this shows the
percent chance that it is a QSO, based on photometric and/or radio/X-ray
association analysis. For a known QSO (type starting with Q/A/B/K), this
shows the percent chance that the shown radio/X-ray detection(s) is truly
associated to it.
Candidates (objects without spectroscopic confirmation) consist of two
separate classes of objects:
(1) Photometric quasars from the SDSS-based XDQSO/NBCKDE/NBCKDE-v3/Peters
quasar candidate catalogs. Those catalogs give pQSOs (calculated QSO
probabilities) for their objects which however are not reported here;
instead, I have calibrated those pQSOs against SDSS-DR12Q classified
objects to produce these QSO likelihoods -- see appendix 1 of my HMQ
paper (Flesch 2015,PASA,32,10) for details of the calibration method.
Included candidates are those of 90%+ likelihood of being true quasars.
(2) Radio/X-ray associated objects, totalling 54034 without any other
attribution. Their criterion for inclusion is an 80%+ likelihood of
being a true QSO. These calculations are as described in my ARXA/QORG
papers (citations above).
49431 photometric quasars are also radio/X-ray associated, and the
displayed probability figure combines the calibrated photometric QSO
likelihood P1 and the radio/X-ray derived QSO likelihood P2 as
P=1/(1+((1-P1)*(1-P2))/(P1*P2)). Using the probability as expected
yield, the 1387821 type-I Milliquas objects will yield 1362672 actual
type-I quasars/AGN, so making this a true million quasars catalog.
Note (11): Four columns of Radio/X-ray detections are presented:
* 1st column: best X-ray detection (i.e. highest probability association).
* 2nd column: best core Radio detection.
* 3rd column: a radio lobe if the description (see note 2) shows a "2",
otherwise this is an additional radio or X-ray detection.
* 4th column: a radio lobe if the description (see note 2) shows a "2",
otherwise this is an additional X-ray detection.
Legend of Radio/X-ray detection prefixes and catalog home pages:
FIRST: VLA FIRST survey, 13Jun05 version, http://sundog.stsci.edu
NVSS: NRAO VLA sky survey, http://www.cv.nrao.edu/nvss
SUMSS: Sydney U. Molonglo, http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/sifa/Main/SUMSS
MGPS: Molonglo galactic plane survey, same attribution as SUMSS
ROSAT catalogs home page: http://www.mpe.mpg.de/xray/wave/rosat/catalogue ,
for:
- 1RXH: ROSAT HRI (high resolution imager)
- 2RXP/2RXF: ROSAT PSPC (position sensitive proportional counter)
- 1RXS: ROSAT RASS (all-sky survey, both bright & faint)
2RXS: 2nd RASS source catalog, Boller T. et al., 2016, Cat. J/A+A/588/A103
1WGA: White, Giommi & Angelini, http://wgacat.gsfc.nasa.gov/wgacat/wgacat.html
CXO: Chandra Source Catalog v1.1, http://cxc.cfa.harvard.edu/csc
CXOG: Chandra ACIS source catalog, Wang S. et al., 2016, Cat. J/ApJS/224/40
CXOX: XAssist Chandra source list, http://xassist.pha.jhu.edu/zope/xassist
2XMM/2XMMi: XMM-Newton DR3, http://xmm.esac.esa.int/xsa/versions.shtml
3XMM: XMM-Newton DR6, http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xsa
XMMSL: XMM-Newton Slew survey DR6, http://xmm.esac.esa.int/xsa
XMMX: XAssist XMM-Newton source list, xassist.pha.jhu.edu/zope/xassist
1SXPS: Swift X-ray Point Source catalog, http://www.swift.ac.uk/1SXPS
Optical field solutions are calculated from the raw source positions of all
these catalogs as described in my ARXA paper (2010PASA...27..283F 2010PASA...27..283F,
Cat. V/134)
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Acknowledgements:
If using this catalogue in published research, please so cite. The confirmed
quasars of this catalog (to Jan 2015) were published as the Half Million
Quasars (HMQ) catalog: Flesch E., 2015PASA...32...10F 2015PASA...32...10F, which can be used as
the citation.
This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)
which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of
Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
History:
Copied at http://quasars.org/milliquas.htm
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 27-Apr-2017