% PAPDEF.TEX %****************************************************************************** % BASIC MATHEMATICAL MACROS \def \exp {\ifmmode{\,\rm exp\,}\else $\rm exp\,$\fi} \def \div {\ifmmode{\,\rm div\,}\else $\rm div\,$\fi} \def \grad {\ifmmode{\,\rm grad\,}\else $\rm grad\,$\fi} \def \curl {\ifmmode{\,\rm curl\,}\else $\rm curl\,$\fi} % SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS FOR QUANTITIES MORE OR LESS RELATED TO EMPIRICAL % ANALYSIS OF FLUXTUBES \def\cj#1#2#3#4 {$#1\,\ ^{#2~}\!\!{#3}_{\!{\thinspace#4}}\,$} %conf.term with j \def\cjo#1#2#3#4{$#1\,\ ^{#2~}\!\!{#3}^{\circ}_{\!{\thinspace#4}}\,$} %conf.odd term with j \def\geff{\ifmmode g_{\rm eff} \else $g_{\rm eff}$\fi} \def\lam{\ifmmode \lambda \else $\lambda$\fi} \def\lamv{\ifmmode \lambda_V \else $\lambda_V$\fi} \def\wlam{\ifmmode W_\lambda \else $W_\lambda$\fi} \def\dlamh{\ifmmode \Delta\lambda_H \else $\Delta\lambda_H$\fi} \def\dlam{\ifmmode \Delta\lambda \else $\Delta\lambda$\fi} %\let\dlam=\dlamh \def\dlamd{\ifmmode \Delta\lambda_D \else $\Delta\lambda_D$\fi} \def\ximic{\ifmmode \xi_{\rm mic} \else $\xi_{\rm mic}$\fi} \def\ximac{\ifmmode \xi_{\rm mac} \else $\xi_{\rm mac}$\fi} \def\t1{\ifmmode \tau_{5000}=1 \else $\tau_{5000}=1$\fi} \def\ve{\ifmmode v_{\rm ext} \else $v_{\rm ext}$\fi} \def\vi{\ifmmode v_{\rm int} \else $v_{\rm int}$\fi} \def\vdi{\ifmmode v_D(I) \else $v_D(I)$\fi} \def\vdv{\ifmmode v_D(I_V) \else $v_D(I_V)$\fi} \def\stov{Stokes $V$} \let\Stov=\stov \def\stoi{Stokes $I$} \let\Stoi=\stoi \def\iv{$I_V$} \def\si{$S_I$} \def\di{$d_I$} \def\dv{$d_V$} \def\zeeman{g_{\rm eff}^2 \lambda ^2 /v_0} \def\amac{a_{\rm mac}} \def\fei{Fe\ts{\sc i}} \def\feii{Fe\ts{\sc ii}} \def\dA{\ifmmode \delta A\else $\delta A$\fi} \def\da{\ifmmode \delta a\else $\delta a$\fi} %\def\vddif{v_{D_V}-v_{D_I}} %\def\lndvd{\ln (d_V/d_I)} %\def\dttop{\Delta T_{\rm top}} %\def\dtbot{\Delta T_{\rm bot}} % UNITS \def\kmsec{\ifmmode {\rm \,km\ s^{-1}}\else km s$^{-1}${}\fi} \def\msec{\ifmmode {\rm \,m\ s^{-1}}\else m s$^{-1}${}\fi} \def\kms{\ifmmode {\rm \,km\ s^{-1}}\else km s$^{-1}${}\fi} \def\ms{\ifmmode {\rm \,m\ s^{-1}}\else m s$^{-1}${}\fi} \def\arcsec{\ifmmode ^{\prime\prime}\else $^{\prime\prime}$\fi} \def\invcm{\ifmmode {\rm \,cm^{-1}}\else cm$^{-1}$\fi} \def\mic{{\ifmmode \,\mu \else $\,\mu$\fi}} \def\cm{\,{\rm cm}} \def\km{\,{\rm km}} \def\sec{\,{\rm s}} \def\erg{\,{\rm erg}} \def\ev{\,{\rm e\kern-.1em V}} \def\kev{\,{\rm ke\kern-.1em V}} \def\k{\,{\rm K}} % ABREVIATIONS FOR BRACKETS \def\<{\left\langle} \def\>{\right\rangle} \def\({\left(} \def\){\right)} \def\r|{\right|} \def\l|{\left|} % OTHER ABREVIATIONS: MODE INDEPENDENT \def\al{\ifmmode ^\alpha\else $^\alpha$\fi} % raised alpha \def\be{\ifmmode ^\beta\else $^\beta$\fi} % raised beta \def\da{\ifmmode ^\dagger\else $^\dagger$\fi} % raised dagger \def\di{\ifmmode ^\diamond\else $^\diamond$\fi} % raised diamond \def\st{\ifmmode ^\star\else $^\star$\fi} % raised 5 corner star \def\bu{\ifmmode ^\bullet\else $^\bullet$\fi} % raised large dot \def\deg{\ifmmode {^\circ}\else {$^\circ$}\fi} % raised circle \def\pr{\ifmmode ^\prime\else $^\prime$\fi} % prime = ' \def\ppr{\ifmmode ^{\prime\prime}\else $^{\prime\prime}$\fi}% double prime = '' % OTHER ABREVIATIONS: MATH MODE \def\intlim{\int\limits} % limits on top and bot \def\part #1#2{{\partial #1\over \partial #2}} % partial derivative \let\pderiv =\part \def\deriv#1#2{{{\rm d}#1\over {\rm d}#2}} % derivative \def\id{\equiv} \def\eqv{\leftrightarrow} \def\arr{\rightarrow} \def\fol{\rightarrow} \let\prop=\sim % proportional to \let\sun=\odot \def\gapprox{\;\rlap{\lower 2.5pt % approximately greater \hbox{$\sim$}}\raise 1.5pt\hbox{$>$}\;} \def\lapprox{\;\rlap{\lower 2.5pt % approximately smaller \hbox{$\sim$}}\raise 1.5pt\hbox{$<$}\;} \def\bra#1{\left<#1\right|\,} % dirac bra + space \def\ket#1{\,\left|#1\right>} % space + dirac ket \def\av#1{\< #1 \>} % average value % OTHER ABREVIATIONS: HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL MODE \def\n{\noindent} \def\cl{\centerline} \def\ts{\thinspace} % % a title macro % \outer\def\beginsection#1\par{\vskip0pt plus.1\vsize\penalty-250 \vskip0pt plus-.1\vsize\bigskip\vskip\parskip \leftline{\bf{#1}} \nobreak\smallskip\noindent} \outer\def\ti#1\par{\vskip 1.7\baselineskip \leftline{\bf #1}\nobreak\par \nobreak\vskip 0.9\baselineskip\nobreak\noindent} \outer\def\bigti#1\par{\vskip 2.7\baselineskip \leftline{\bbbf #1}\nobreak\par \nobreak\vskip 1.5\baselineskip\nobreak\noindent} \outer\def\subti#1\par{\vskip 1.1\baselineskip \noindent {\it #1}\nobreak \vskip 0.6\baselineskip\nobreak\noindent} \outer\def\subsubti#1\par{\vskip 0.7\baselineskip \noindent {\rm #1}\nobreak \vskip 0.4\baselineskip\nobreak\noindent} \outer\def\tisubti#1#2\par{\vskip 1.7\baselineskip \leftline{\bf #1}\nobreak \vskip 1.0\baselineskip\noindent\nobreak\ignorespaces{\it #2}\nobreak \vskip 0.6\baselineskip\nobreak\noindent} \def\fig #1{\par\noindent \hangindent 44pt \hbox to 44pt {\bf Fig. #1\hfill}\ignorespaces} \def\indbegin#1#2{\noindent\hangindent #1cm\hbox to #1cm {#2\hfill}\ignorespaces} \def\indcontin#1{\noindent\hangindent #1cm\hangafter 0{}} \let\indbeg=\indbegin \let\indcon=\indcontin \let\indcont=\indcontin \def\lead{\leaders\hbox to 10pt{\hfill.\hfill}\hfill} % REFERENCES: ABREVIATIONS OF JOURNALS ETC. % a macro for creating a simple environment to typeset references: % (references must be separated by blank lines or \par's) % \def \refs {\par\vskip 1.7\baselineskip \leftline{\bf References} \nobreak \vskip 0.9\baselineskip\nobreak\noindent \begingroup \frenchspacing \parindent = 0 pt %\parskip = \smallskipamount \everypar = {\hangindent = 20 pt \hangafter = 1 }} \def \endrefs {\par \endgroup} \def\publ#1{\noindent\hangindent 26pt\hbox to 26pt {#1\hfill}\ignorespaces} \def\refnum #1{\par\noindent \hangindent 20pt \hbox to 20pt {#1\hfill}\ignorespaces} \def\ref{\par\noindent \hangindent 20pt } \def\aaa#1{, {\it Astron.\ Astrophys.} {\bf #1}} \def\aaass#1{, {\it Astron.\ Astrophys.\ Suppl.\ Ser.} {\bf #1}} \def\aaarev#1{, {\it Astron.\ Astrophys. Review} {\bf #1}} \def\annrev#1{, {\it Ann.\ Rev.\ Astron.\ Astrophys.} {\bf #1}} \def\apj#1{, {\it Astrophys.\ J.} {\bf #1}} \def\apjss#1{, {\it Astrophys.\ J.\ Suppl.\ Ser.} {\bf #1}} \def\iausymp#1{, {\it IAU Symp.} {\bf #1}} \def\mnras#1{, {\it Monthly Notices Royal Astron.\ Soc.} {\bf #1}} \def\pasj#1{, {\it Publ.\ Astron.\ Soc.\ Japan\/} {\bf #1}} \def\pasp#1{, {\it Publ.\ Astron.\ Soc.\ Pacific\/} {\bf #1}} \def\sp#1{, {\it Solar Phys.} {\bf #1}} \def\jpcrd#1{, {\it J.\ Phys.\ Chem.\ Ref.\ Data} {\bf #1}} \def\jaa#1{, {\it J.\ Astrophys.\ Astron.} {\bf #1}} \let\aap=\aaa \let\aapss=\aaass % LIFE SAVING DEFINITIONS \def\pmbf#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\kern-.025em\copy0\kern-\wd0 \kern.05em\copy0\kern-\wd0\kern-.025em\raise.0433em\box0 } % poor man's bold face for symbols without boldface fonts % OUTPUT FORMAT CHANGES TO STANDARD TeX FORMAT \hfuzz=2pt % Format for regular typing etc. %\hoffset=.3cm %\voffset=.8cm %\hsize 15cm %%\vsize=22cm %\baselineskip 14pt % Format for manuscripts to Astron. & Astrophys etc. \vsize=22.5cm \hoffset=1cm \hsize=14.6cm \baselineskip 16.2pt % Format for preprints %\vsize=24.5cm %\voffset=-.7cm %\hsize=16.9cm %\hoffset=-.7cm %\baselineskip 11.7pt \nopagenumbers \countdef\pageno=0\pageno=1 %\headline={\hss\tenrm\folio\hss} %numbers all pages %\headline={\ifnum\pageno=0\hfill\else{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}\fi} %numbers all pages except p0 %\footline={\hss\tenrm\folio\hss} %numbers all pages %\footline={\ifnum\pageno=0\hfill\else{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}\fi} %numbers all %numbers all pages except p0 \footline={\ifnum\pageno=1\hfill\else{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}\fi} %numbers all pages except p1 % Separate headlines for left and right pages, including page numbers %\nopagenumbers %\headline={\ifodd\pageno\rightheadline \else\leftheadline\fi} %\def\rightheadline#1{\tenrm\hfil #1 \hfil\folio} %\def\leftheadline#1{\tenrm\folio\hfil #1 \hfil} % ADDITIONAL FONTS \font\bbf=cmbx10 scaled\magstep1 % big bold face \font\bbbf=cmbx10 scaled\magstep2 % big big bold face \font\bbbbf=cmbx10 scaled\magstep4 % big big big bold face %\font\bif=cmmi10 scaled\magstep1 % big italic font %\font\bbif=cmmi10 scaled\magstep2 % big big italic font %\font\bbbif=cmmi10 scaled\magstep4 % big big big italic font \font\brm=cmr10 scaled\magstep1 % big roman \font\bbrm=cmr10 scaled\magstep2 % big big roman \font\sf=cmss10 % san serif font %\font\sfi=cmssi10 % san serif italic %\font\bi=cmbi10 % bold math italic %\font\bbi=cmbi10 scaled\magstep1 % big bold math italic %\font\bbbi=cmbi10 scaled\magstep2 % big big bold math italic