J/ApJ/921/182 SED models of brown dwarf protoplanetary disks (Rilinger+, 2021) ================================================================================ Disk masses and dust evolution of protoplanetary disks around brown dwarfs. Rilinger A.M., Espaillat C.C. =2021ApJ...921..182R ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Stars, brown dwarf; Star Forming Region; Stars, masses; Models; Energy distributions; Photometry, infrared; Optical; Millimetric/submm sources Keywords: Brown dwarfs ; Exoplanet formation ; Protoplanetary disks ; Star formation Abstract: We present the largest sample of brown dwarf (BD) protoplanetary disk spectral energy distributions modeled to date. We compile 49 objects with ALMA observations from four star-forming regions: {rho} Ophiuchus, Taurus, Lupus, and Upper Scorpius. Studying multiple regions with various ages enables us to probe disk evolution over time. Specifically, from our models, we obtain values for dust grain sizes, dust settling, and disk mass; we compare how each of these parameters vary between the regions. We find that disk mass decreases with age. We also find evidence of disk evolution (i.e., grain growth and significant dust settling) in all four regions, indicating that planet formation and disk evolution may begin to occur at earlier stages. We generally find that these disks contain too little mass to form planetary companions, though we cannot rule out that planet formation may have already occurred. Finally, we examine the disk mass-host mass relationship and find that BD disks are largely consistent with previously determined relationships for disks around T Tauri stars. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table1.dat 99 49 Parameters of brown dwarf (BD) modeled in this work seds.dat 76 1148 Spectral Energy Distribution (Data behind Figures A1-A4) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995) J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Sco OB assoc. Lithium survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002) J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC obs. (Carpenter+, 2006) J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009) J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010) J/A+A/547/A80 : Properties of Collinder 69 low-mass members (Bayo+, 2012) J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012) J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plx for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012) J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013) J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013) J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013) J/ApJ/769/149 : IR spectroscopy in Orion A: transitional disks (Kim+, 2013) J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013) J/A+A/564/A51 : 3mm maps of 4 transition disks (Pinilla+, 2014) J/A+A/579/A66 : Accretion in {rho}-Ophiucus (Manara+, 2015) J/ApJ/828/46 : ALMA survey of Lupus protopl. disks. I. (Ansdell+, 2016) J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA obs. of GKM stars in Upper Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016) J/ApJ/826/16 : ALMA & GeMS observations of the OMC1 region (Eisner+, 2016) J/ApJ/825/91 : Refined classification for Orion A protostars (Lewis+, 2016) J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887um obs. of ChaI star-forming reg (Pascucci+, 2016) J/A+A/600/A20 : Lupus YSOs X-shooter spectroscopy (Alcala+, 2017) J/AJ/153/240 : ALMA survey of protopl. disks in sigma Ori (Ansdell+, 2017) J/ApJ/841/116 : Herschel spectra of 11 very low mass stars (Hendler+, 2017) J/ApJ/849/63 : FIR-mm data of YSOs in star-forming regions (Ribas+, 2017) J/ApJ/863/13 : Herschel obs. of protopl. disks in L1641 (Grant+, 2018) J/MNRAS/478/3674 : IC 348 circumstellar discs ALMA data (Ruiz-Rodriguez+, 2018) J/AJ/155/54 : TBOSS Survey. II. ALMA continuum obs. (Ward-Duong+, 2018) J/AJ/157/144 : Protoplanetary disk masses in Taurus (Ballering+, 2019) J/A+A/626/A11 : Corona Australis ALMA and X-Shooter data (Cazzoletti+, 2019) J/MNRAS/482/698 : Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA. I. (Cieza+, 2019) J/A+A/628/A85 : Disk masses in Orion Molecular Cloud-2 (van Terwisga+, 2019) J/ApJ/875/L9 : ODISEA: Disk dust mass distributions (Williams+, 2019) J/A+A/640/A27 : Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024 (van Terwisga+, 2020) J/ApJ/913/123 : ALMA survey of protopl. disks in Lynds 1641 (Grant+, 2021) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 14 A14 --- SFR Star forming region 16- 32 A17 --- Name Brown dwarf name 34- 38 A5 --- SpT Spectral type 40- 43 I4 K Temp [2250/3400] Temperature 45- 49 F5.2 mag Av [0/11.71] Dust extinction 51- 56 F6.3 [Lsun] logLum [-3.1/-0.1] Log of luminosity 58- 62 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.01/0.1] Mass 64- 68 F5.3 Rsun Rad [0.18/1.9] Radius 70- 75 F6.2 pc Dist [116/175] Distance from Gaia parallaxes (1) 77- 81 F5.2 pc e_Dist [1.2/12.5]? Lower uncertainty on Dist 83- 87 F5.2 pc E_Dist [1.3/15.2]? Upper uncertainty on Dist 89 A1 --- f_Dist a: From reference listed in "Ref" 91 I1 --- Ref [1/8] Reference (2) 93- 99 E7.3 Mjup Mdisk Disk mass from Table 4; added by CDS (3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Distances were computed from Gaia parallaxes (Gaia Col.+ 2016, I/337 and 2018, I/345) unless otherwise noted. These distances were used to scale the relevant properties obtained from the literature. Note (2): Reference for properties (except "Dist") as follows: 1 = Ward-Duong et al. (2018, J/AJ/155/54); 2 = Ricci et al. (2014ApJ...791...20R) and references therein; 3 = Andrews et al. (2013, J/ApJ/771/129); 4 = Luhman K.L. (2004ApJ...617.1216L); 5 = Testi et al. (2016A&A...593A.111T) and L. Testi, private communication; 6 = L. Testi, private communication; 7 = Sanchis et al. (2020A&A...633A.114S) 8 = mass and spectral type from van der Plas et al. (2016ApJ...819..102V), other properties from Liu et al. (2015A&A...582A..22L). Note (3): This parameter was calculated by the D'Alessio Irradiated Accretion Disk (DIAD) radiative transfer models (D'Alessio+ 1998ApJ...500..411D ; 1999ApJ...527..893D ; 2001ApJ...553..321D 2005ApJ...621..461D & 2006ApJ...638..314D). See Section 3.1.1. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: seds.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 17 A17 --- Name Source name 19- 27 F9.3 um lambda [0.35/13599.3] Wavelength 29 A1 --- l_Flux Upper limit flag on Flux 31- 37 F7.3 mJy Flux [-0.18/531] Flux density 39- 44 F6.3 mJy e_Flux [0/70]? Flux uncertainty (1) 46- 76 A31 --- Filt Filter and/or telescope of measurement (including "2MASS", "ALMA", "GAIA", "Herschel", "PS1", "SDSS", "SMA", "Spitzer" and "WISE") -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): No flux uncertainties given for upper limit measurements. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal ================================================================================ (End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Mar-2023