\magnification\magstep1
\parskip=5pt plus 5pt
\def\ref#1{\lbrack #1\rbrack}
\def\eck#1{\left\lbrack #1 \right\rbrack}
\def\rund#1{\left( #1 \right)}
\def\ave#1{\langle #1 \rangle}
\def\bave#1{\left\langle #1 \right\rangle}
\def\wave#1{\left\lbrace #1 \right\rbrace}
\def\ueber#1#2{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$}%
  \setbox1=\hbox to\wd0{\hss$\scriptscriptstyle #2$\hss}%
  \offinterlineskip
  \vbox{\box1\kern0.4mm\box0}}{}}
\def\unter#1#2{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$}%
\setbox1=\hbox to\wd0{\hss$\scriptscriptstyle#2$\hss}%
\offinterlineskip
\vtop{\box0\kern0.3mm\box1}}{}}
\def\var{\varrho}
\def\vare{\varepsilon}
\def\vart{\vartheta}
\def\varp{\varphi}
\def\lrv#1{\left\vert #1 \right\vert}
\def\cline{\centerline}
\def\mo{M_\odot}
\def\hb{\hfill\break}
\def\ts{\thinspace}
\def\th{\negthinspace}
\def\p{\partial}
\def\et{{\it et al.\ }}
\def\km{km~s$^{-1}$}
\def\m{Mpc$^{-1}$}
\def\sp{\smallskip}
\def\ms{\medskip}
\def\bs{\bigskip}
\def\ve{\vfill\eject}
%
%
%
%   a macro for typesetting references:
%   (references must be separated by blank lines or \par's)
%
\def \refs {\begingroup \frenchspacing
            \parskip = \smallskipamount \parindent = 0 pt
            \everypar = {\global\hangindent = 20 pt \hangafter = 1 }}
\def \endrefs {\par \endgroup}
%
%
\def\aa#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {\it Astron.\ Astrophys.} {\bf #3,} 
{#4}}
%
\def\aass#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {\it Astron.\ Astrophys.\ Suppl.\ Ser.} {\bf #3,} 
{#4}}
%
\def\apj#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {\it Astrophys.\ J.} {\bf #3,} 
{#4}}
%
\def\apjl#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {\it Astrophys.\ J. Letters} {\bf #3,} 
{L#4}}
%
\def\asp#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {\it Publ.\ Astron.\ 
Soc.\ Pacific} {\bf #3,} {#4}}
%
\def\ass#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {\it Astrophys.\ 
Space Sci.} {\bf #3,} {#4}}
%
\def\cup#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} {in:} {#3} {(ed.), Cambridge 
University Press, Cambridge, p.} {#4}}
%
\def\mnras#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} 
{\it Month\-ly Notices Roy.\ Astron.\ Soc.} {\bf #3,} {#4}}
%
\def\ssr#1#2#3#4{{#1:} {19#2,} 
{\it Space Sci.\ Rev.} {\bf #3,} {#4}}


