J/AJ/167/233 Best-in-class TOIs for atmospheric characterisation (Hord+, 2024) ================================================================================ Identification of the Top TESS Objects of Interest for Atmospheric Characterization of Transiting Exoplanets with JWST. Hord B.J., Kempton E.M.-R., Evans-Soma T.M., Latham D.W., Ciardi D.R., Dragomir D., Colon K.D., Ross G., Vanderburg A., de Beurs Z.L., Collins K.A., Watkins C.N., Bean J., Cowan N.B., Daylan T., Morley C.V., Ih J., Baker D., Barkaoui K., Batalha N.M., Behmard A., Belinski A., Benkhaldoun Z., Benni P., Bernacki K., Bieryla A., Binnenfeld A., Bosch-Cabot P., Bouchy F., Bozza V., Brahm R., Buchhave L.A., Calkins M., Chontos A., Clark C.A., Cloutier R., Cointepas M., Collins K.I., Conti D.M., Crossfield I.J.M., Dai F., de Leon J.P., Dransfield G., Dressing C., Dustor A., Esquerdo G., Evans P., Fajardo-Acosta S.B., Fiolka J., Fores-Toribio R., Frasca A., Fukui A., Fulton B., Furlan E., Gan T., Gandolfi D., Ghachoui M., Giacalone S., Gilbert E.A., Gillon M., Girardin E., Gonzales E., Grau Horta F., Gregorio J., Greklek-McKeon M., Guerra P., Hartman J.D., Hellier C., Helm I., Helminiak K.G., Henning T., Hill M.L., Horne K., Howard A.W., Howell S.B., Huber D., Isopi G., Jehin E., Jenkins J.M., Jensen E.L.N., Johnson M.C., Jordan A., Kane S.R., Kielkopf J.F., Krushinsky V., Lasota S., Lee E., Lewin P., Livingston J.H., Lubin J., Lund M.B., Mallia F., Mann C.R., Marino G., Maslennikova N., Massey B., Matson R., Matthews E., Mayo A.W., Mazeh T., McLeod K.K., Michaels E.J., Mocnik T., Mori M., Mraz G., Munoz J.A., Narita N., Natarajan K., Dyregaard Nielsen L., Osborn H., Palle E., Panahi A., Papini R., Plavchan P., Polanski A.S., Popowicz A., Pozuelos F.J., Quinn S.N., Radford D.J., Reed P.A., Relles H.M., Rice M., Robertson P., Rodriguez J.E., Rosenthal L.J., Rubenzahl R.A., Schanche N., Schlieder J., Schwarz R.P., Sefako R., Shporer A., Sozzetti A., Srdoc G., Stockdale C., Tarasenkov A., Tan T.-G., Timmermans M., Ting E.B., Van Zandt J., Vignes JP, Waite I., Watanabe N., Weiss L.M., Wittrock J., Zhou G., Ziegler C., Zucker S. =2024AJ....167..233H ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Effective temperatures; Stars, masses; Stars, diameters; Photometry, UBVRIJKLMNH Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Exoplanet atmospheres ; Transit photometry ; James Webb Space Telescope ; Exoplanets Abstract: JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as "best-in-class" for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature Teq and planetary radius Rp and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community. Description: Instrument, filter and date of observations are described in table5.dat File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table4.dat 766 185 Our full best-in-class sample table5.dat 124 960 Follow-up observations used in synthesis of TFOP dispositions that were incorporated into our vetting and validation analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017) IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019) VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006) J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998) J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010) J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011) J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012) J/AJ/147/119 : Cat of sources in the Kepler field of view (Coughlin+, 2014) J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017) J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation program I Imaging (Furlan+, 2017) J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017) J/AJ/157/43 : WASP-161b, WASP-163b and WASP-170b (Barkaoui+, 2019) J/AJ/157/124 : DAVE. I. Benchmarking K2 vetting tools (Kostov+, 2019) J/A+A/630/A89 : WASP-12b and WASP-43b griz light curves (Parviainen+, 2019) J/AJ/158/141 : Diff photometry & RVs of HAT-P-69 & HAT-P-70 (Zhou+, 2019) J/AJ/161/24 : TRICERATOPS predictions for 384 TOIs (Giacalone+, 2021) J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021) J/AJ/162/263 : TESS nearby planetary companions to hot Jupiters (Hord+, 2021) J/AJ/162/176 : The solar neighborhood. XLVIII. (Paredes+, 2021) J/ApJS/260/3 : 25 hot-Jupiter properties from HST & Spitzer (Changeat+, 2022) J/A+A/666/A155 : TOI-1468 photometry and radial velocities (Chaturvedi+, 2022) J/AJ/164/15 : Exoplanets Ariel's potential targets (Edwards+, 2022) J/A+A/668/A158 : HD 20329 Radial velocity and activity indices (Murgas+, 2022) J/A+A/667/A14 : Gaia-TESS transit candidates (Panahi+, 2022) J/A+A/669/A109 : TOI-969 light and RV curves (Lillo-Box+, 2023) J/AJ/166/33 : The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. 108 TESS Planets (MacDougall+, 2023) J/A+A/675/A39 : TOI-615, TOI-622, TOI-2641 RVs + ground phot. (Psaridi+, 2023) J/ApJS/265/1 : TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Surveys. II. (Yee+, 2023) J/A+A/684/A83 : Wolf327b RV and spectral line activity indices (Murgas+, 2024) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 12 A12 --- Name Planet name 14- 25 F12.8 d Per [0.17/749] Planet orbital period 27- 37 F11.9 au a [0.005/2] Planet semi-major axis 39- 45 F7.5 --- e [0.0/0.42]? Planet eccentricity 47- 57 F11.8 deg i [69.7/93.1]? Planet inclination 59- 70 F12.9 --- b [-0.14/1]? impact parameter 72- 80 F9.5 pc Dist [-0.5/372]? Distance, Earth to Planet 82- 96 F15.9 --- S [0.007/19309]? Insolation flux, Sgeo 98-107 F10.8 h TDur [0.3/8.33]? Transit duration 109-121 F13.9 --- a/Rad* [1.6/415] Ratio, planet semi-major axis to stellar radius 123-129 F7.2 K Teff [2566/9219] Host Star Effective Temperature, star 131-141 F11.9 Msun Mass* [0.05/2.33] Host star mass 143-150 F8.5 mag Vmag [6.59/18.9]? V band (Vega) magnitude 152-160 F9.6 mag Jmag [6.07/13.8] 2MASS J band (Vega) magnitude 162-170 F9.6 mag Hmag [5.58/13.3] 2MASS H band (Vega) magnitude 172-180 F9.6 mag Ksmag [5.54/13] 2MASS Ks band (Vega) magnitude 182-196 A15 --- Met Method by which this target was discovered 198-241 A44 --- Fac Facility that discovered this target 243-246 I4 yr Date.Y [1999/2023] year this target was discovered 248-248 I1 --- TESS? [0/1] 1 means the target was discovered by TESS 250-259 F10.7 Rgeo Radp [0.75/23.4] Planet radius 261-269 F9.7 Rgeo E_Radp [0.01/4] Upper uncertainty on Radp 271-279 F9.7 Rgeo e_Radp [0.01/4]? Lower uncertainty, Radp 281-294 F14.9 Mgeo Massp [0.32/3214] Planet mass 296-303 F8.5 Mgeo E_Massp [0.01/80]? Upper uncertainty, Massp 305-312 F8.5 Mgeo e_Massp [0.01/67]? Lower uncertainty, Massp 314-324 F11.9 --- Rp/R* [0.0121/0.50849398] Ratio, planet to stellar radii 326-333 A8 --- E_Rp/R* Upper uncertainty, Rp/R* 335-342 A8 --- e_Rp/R* Lower uncertainty, Rp/R* 344-349 F6.2 K E_Teff [7/150]? Upper uncertainty, Teff 351-356 F6.2 K e_Teff [7/150]? Lower uncertainty, Teff 358-366 F9.7 Rsun Rad* [0.12/2.69] Stellar radius 368-373 F6.4 Rsun E_Rad* [0.0/0.12]? Upper uncertainty, Rad* 375-380 F6.4 Rsun e_Rad* [0.0/0.12]? Lower uncertainty, Rad* 382-392 F11.7 deg RAdeg [1/359] Right Ascension (J2000) 394-404 F11.7 deg DEdeg [-82/86] Declination (J2000) 406-417 A12 --- RAhms Right Ascension, hms (J2000) 419-431 A13 --- DEhms Declination, dms (J2000) 433-440 A8 kg Mass*SI Stellar Mass, SI units 442-451 I10 m Rad*SI ? Stellar Radius, SI units 453-461 I9 m RadpSI ? Planet radius, SI units 463-470 I8 m E_RadpSI [63710/24993433]? Upper uncertainty, RadpSI 472-479 I8 m e_RadpSI [70081/24993433]? Lower uncertainty, RadpSI 481-491 F11.9 Rjup RadpJ [0.06/2.09]? Planet radius, Jovian units 493-503 F11.9 Rjup E_RadpJ [0.0008/0.4]? Upper uncertainty, RadpJ 505-515 F11.9 Rjup e_RadpJ [0.0009/0.4]? Lower uncertainty, RadpJ 517-524 A8 kg MasspSI Mass of the planet in SI units 526-533 A8 kg E_MasspSI Upper uncertainty, MasspSI 535-542 A8 kg e_MasspSI Lower uncertainty, MasspSI 544-555 F12.9 Mjup MasspJ [0.001/10.2]? Planet mass, Jovian units 557-567 A11 Mjup E_MasspJ Upper uncertainty, MasspJ 569-579 A11 Mjup e_MasspJ Lower uncertainty, MasspJ 581-593 F13.9 m.s-2 gpSI [1.89/296]? Surface gravity of the planet, SI units 595-606 F12.7 K Teq [161/2997] Planetary equilibrium temperature 608-620 F13.9 --- TSM [3.23/963] Transmission spectroscopy metric value 622-635 F14.9 --- ESM [0.005/1140] Emission spectroscopy metric value 637-647 A11 mag EDepth Estimated depth of secondary eclipse 649-659 A11 --- SFsize Estimated size of transmission spectra features 661-674 F14.9 m.s-1 ARVel [0.47/1618]? Predicted radial velocity semi-amplitude 676-684 I9 --- TIC ? TESS Input Catalog ID 686-697 F12.7 K TeqK2 [81/3230]? Equilibrium temperature reported by ExoFOP 699-705 F7.5 [cm.s-2] [g*] [3.53/5.15]? log, surface gravity, host star, CGS units 707-714 F8.5 mag Tmag [7.62/15.8]? TESS magnitude 716-722 F7.4 mag Imag [10.2/15]? I band Vega magnitude 724-724 I1 --- Transm? [0/1] Flag denoting if the target is part of the transmission spectroscopy best-in-class list 726-726 I1 --- Emiss? [0/1] Flag denoting if the target is part of the emission spectroscopy best-in-class list 728-739 A12 --- Disp Disposition assigned to it after our vetting and validation 741-748 A8 --- vespaFP False positive probability from VESPA analysis 750-757 A8 --- TRIFP False positive probability from TRICERATOPS analysis 759-766 A8 --- TRINFP Nearby false positive probability from TRICERATOPS analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 12 A12 --- Type Observation Type, Photometry, Spectroscopy, Speckle imaging 14- 20 F7.2 --- TOI TESS Object of interest 22- 61 A40 --- Tel Telescope used 63- 86 A24 --- Cam Camera/Instrument used 88-111 A24 --- Filt Filter/Bandpass used 113-120 A8 --- Date Observation Date (MM/DD/YY) 122-124 I3 --- Index [1/960] Index -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal ================================================================================ (End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 14-Jun-2024