J/ApJ/859/101         The supernovae Ia Pantheon sample         (Scolnic+, 2018)
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The complete light-curve sample of spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia from
Pan-STARRS1 and cosmological constraints from the combined Pantheon sample.
    Scolnic D.M., Jones D.O., Rest A., Pan Y.C., Chornock R., Foley R.J.,
    Huber M.E., Kessler R., Narayan G., Riess A.G., Rodney S., Berger E.,
    Brout D.J., Challis P.J., Drout M., Finkbeiner D., Lunnan R.,
    Kirshner R.P., Sanders N.E., Schlafly E., Smartt S., Stubbs C.W., Tonry J.,
    Wood-Vasey W.M., Foley M., Hand J., Johnson E., Burgett W.S., Chambers K.C.,
    Draper P.W., Hodapp K.W., Kaiser N., Kudritzki R.P., Magnier E.A.,
    Metcalfe N., Bresolin F., Gall E., Kotak R., McCrum M., Smith K.W.
   <Astrophys. J., 859, 101 (2018)>
   =2018ApJ...859..101S
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ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Redshifts; Spectra, optical; Photometry
Keywords: cosmology: observations ; dark energy ; supernovae: general

Abstract:
    We present optical light curves, redshifts, and classifications for
    365 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered
    by the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey. We detail improvements to
    the PS1 SN photometry, astrometry, and calibration that reduce the
    systematic uncertainties in the PS1 SN Ia distances. We combine the
    subset of 279 PS1 SNe Ia (0.03<z<0.68) with useful distance estimates
    of SNe Ia from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), SNLS, and various
    low-z and Hubble Space Telescope samples to form the largest combined
    sample of SNe Ia, consisting of a total of 1048 SNe Ia in the range of
    0.01<z<2.3, which we call the "Pantheon Sample". When combining Planck
    2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements with the Pantheon
    SN sample, we find {Omega}_m_=0.307+/-0.012 and w=-1.026+/-0.041 for
    the wCDM model. When the SN and CMB constraints are combined with
    constraints from BAO and local H_0_ measurements, the analysis yields
    the most precise measurement of dark energy to date:
    w_0_=-1.007+/-0.089 and w_a_=-0.222+/-0.407 for the w_0_w_a_CDM model.
    Tension with a cosmological constant previously seen in an analysis of
    PS1 and low-z SNe has diminished after an increase of 2x in the
    statistics of the PS1 sample, improved calibration and photometry, and
    stricter light-curve quality cuts. We find that the systematic
    uncertainties in our measurements of dark energy are almost as large
    as the statistical uncertainties, primarily due to limitations of
    modeling the low-redshift sample. This must be addressed for future
    progress in using SNe Ia to measure dark energy.

Description:
    This analysis relies heavily on the work by Rest+ (2014, J/ApJ/795/44)
    and Scolnic+ (2014ApJ...795...45S), hereafter R14 and S14,
    respectively. R14 and S14 analyzed the first 1.5yr of PS1 SN Ia data
    and combined it with a compilation of low-z surveys.
    The SNe Ia presented in this paper include all SNe discovered during
    the PS1 survey (2009 September-2014 January) that have been
    spectroscopically confirmed as SNe Ia.

    The PS1 data presented here are from the PS1 Medium Deep (MD) Survey,
    which observes SNe in griz_p1_ with an average cadence of 7 days per
    filter.
    The spectroscopic selection over the full survey is similar to that
    outlined in R14. Spectroscopic observations of PS1 targets were
    obtained with a variety of instruments: the Blue Channel Spectrograph
    and Hectospec on the 6.5m MMT, the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs
    (GMOS) on both Gemini North and South, the Low Dispersion Survey
    Spectrograph-3 (LDSS323) and the Magellan Echellette (MagE) on the
    6.5m Magellan Clay telescope, the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and
    Spectrograph (IMACS) on the 6.5m Magellan Baade telescope, the ISIS
    spectrograph on the WHT, and DEIMOS on the 10m Keck telescope.
    A table of the spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia that includes the
    dates of the observations and the telescopes used is given in
    Appendix A (see Table 15 and spec.dat file).

File Summary:
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 FileName   Lrecl  Records   Explanations
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ReadMe         80        .   This file
fullz.dat      44     1048   The Pantheon sample with updated heliocentric
                              redshifts (from lcparam_full_long_zhel.txt)
spec.dat       59      188   Spectroscopic information for all spectroscopically
                              classified Pan-STARRS1 SNIa from 2011 June to
                              2014 September (from spec-summary.txt)
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See also:
 B/sn    : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)
 V/147   : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
 J/ApJ/607/665   : Type Ia supernovae at z>1 discovered by HST (Riess+, 2004)
 J/AJ/131/527    : UBVRI light curves of 44 type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2006)
 J/AJ/131/1648   : Type Ia supernovae at high and low redshifts (Blondin+, 2006)
 J/ApJ/659/122   : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)
 J/ApJ/666/674   : ESSENCE supernova survey (Miknaitis+, 2007)
 J/AJ/136/2306   : SDSS-II Supernova survey, 2005 (Holtzman+, 2008)
 J/ApJ/700/331   : Light curves of type Ia supernovae (CfA3) (Hicken+, 2009)
 J/ApJ/700/1097  : Light curve parameters of SN Ia (Hicken+, 2009)
 J/ApJS/185/32   : First-year SDSS-II SN results (Kessler+, 2009)
 J/AJ/139/519    : Carnegie supernova project. SNe Ia (Contreras+, 2010)
 J/AJ/139/120    : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)
 J/A+A/523/A7    : Light curves of type Ia supernovae in SNLS (Guy+, 2010)
 J/ApJ/722/566   : Host galaxies of SNIa in SDSS-II SN survey (Lampeitl+, 2010)
 J/MNRAS/406/782 : Type Ia supernovae luminosities (Sullivan+, 2010)
 J/A+A/529/L4    : Reddening law of type Ia supernovae (Chotard+, 2011)
 J/ApJS/192/1    : Light-curve parameters from the SNLS (Conley+, 2011)
 J/MNRAS/412/1419 : Nearby supernova rates (Leaman+, 2011)
 J/ApJ/731/120   : Intrinsic SN Ia light curves (Mandel+, 2011)
 J/AJ/142/156    : The CSP (DR2): photometry of SNe Ia (Stritzinger+, 2011)
 J/AJ/143/126    : Spectroscopy of 462 nearby SNe Ia (Blondin+, 2012)
 J/ApJS/200/12   : CfA4: light curves for 94 type Ia SNe (Hicken+, 2012)
 J/ApJ/746/85    : THe HST Cluster Supernova Survey. V. (Suzuki+, 2012)
 J/ApJ/750/99    : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)
 J/ApJ/763/88    : SDSS-II supernovae Ia cosmological analysis (Campbell+, 2013)
 J/ApJ/773/53    : Type Ia SNe spectroscopy by the CSP (Folatelli+, 2013)
 J/A+A/552/A124  : SNLS & SDSS SN surveys photometric calib. (Betoule+, 2013)
 J/MNRAS/433/2240  : SALT2 parameters & distances for SNe (Ganeshalingam+, 2013)
 J/A+A/568/A22     : Joint analysis of the SDSS-II & SNLS SNIa (Betoule+, 2014)
 J/MNRAS/438/1391  : Host galaxies of Type Ia SN from PTF (Pan+, 2014)
 J/ApJ/795/44    : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)
 J/AJ/148/13     : Redshifts of 65 CANDELS supernovae (Rodney+, 2014)
 J/ApJS/224/3    : ESSENCE 6yr spectroscopic follow-up (Narayan+, 2016)
 J/ApJ/826/56    : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia host gal. (Riess+, 2016)
 J/ApJ/852/81    : 17 PS1 superluminous SNe LCs + spectra (Lunnan+, 2018)
 J/ApJ/857/51    : Measuring dark energy data with PS1 SNe. II. (Jones+, 2018)
 J/ApJ/902/14    : Revised redshifts of the Pantheon SNe Ia (Steinhardt+, 2020)

Byte-by-byte Description of file: fullz.dat
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   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
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   1- 10  A10   ---     Name      Target ID (1)
  12- 18  F7.5  ---     zcmb      [0.01/2.3] CMB redshift
  20- 27  F8.6  ---     zhel      [0.008/2.3] Heliocentric redshift
  29- 36  F8.5  ---     Bmag      [13.9/26.9] B-band magnitude
  38- 44  F7.5  ---   e_Bmag      [0.08/0.5] Bmag uncertainty
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Note (1): The SNe IA of the Pantheon sample come from the following surveys:
    SDSS (Frieman+ 2008AJ....135..338F and Kessler+ 2009, J/ApJS/185/32 --
    <SDSS-II SN NNNNN> in Simbad), PS1 (Jones+, 2018, J/ApJ/857/51),
    SNLS (Conley+ 2011, J/ApJS/192/1 and Sullivan+ 2011ApJ...737..102S),
    CfA1-4 (Riess+ 1999AJ....117..707R ; Jha+ 2006, J/AJ/131/527 ;
    Hicken+ 2009, J/ApJ/700/331 and 2009, J/ApJ/700/1097 and
    2012, J/ApJS/200/12), CSP (Contreras+ 2010, J/AJ/139/519 and
    Folatelli+ 2010, J/AJ/139/120 and Stritzinger+ 2011, J/AJ/142/156),
    GOODS (Riess+ 2007ApJ...659...98R ; <[RSC2007] HSTYYAaa> in Simbad),
    CANDELS/CLASH (Graur+ 2014ApJ...783...28G and Rodney+ 2014, J/AJ/148/13
    and Riess+ 2018ApJ...853..126R), SCP (Suzuki+ 2012, J/ApJ/746/85).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: spec.dat
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   Bytes Format Units    Label  Explanations
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   1-  4  A4    ---      ---    [PS1-]
   5- 14  A10   ---      Name   PS1 identifier
  16- 25  A10   "Y-M-D"  Date1  Observation date
      26  A1    ---      ---    [,]
  27- 36  A10   "Y-M-D"  Date2  Second date of observation if any
  38- 39  A2    ---      Type   [Ia] SN type: always "Ia"
      40  A1    ---    u_Type   [?] Uncertainty flag on Type
  42- 47  F6.4  ---      zhel   Heliocentric redshift
      48  A1    ---    u_zhel   [?] Uncertainty flag on zhel
  50- 52  A3    ---    n_Name   Flag on PS1 ("yes" or "no", not explained
                                 in the paper)
  54- 59  A6    ---      Tel    Telescope (MMT (149 occurrences),
                                 Gemini (38 occurrences) or sdss (1 occurrence))
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Acknowledgements:
   Charles Louis Steinhardt [steinhardt _at_ nbi.ku.dk] for the coordinates
   of the supernovae (see Steinhardt et al. 2020, J/ApJ/902/14).

History:
   spec.dat downloaded from:
    http://archive.stsci.edu/hlsps/ps1cosmo/scolnic/spec_summary/
   fullz.dat downloaded from GitHub:
    http://github.com/dscolnic/Pantheon/blob/master/lcparam_full_long_zhel.txt

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(End)                                        Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 04-Jun-2019
