J/MNRAS/508/4249 TPA radio pulsars with MeerKAT (Posselt+, 2021) ================================================================================ The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT. VI. Pulse widths of a large and diverse sample of radio pulsars. Posselt B., Karastergiou A., Johnston S., Parthasarathy A., Keith M.J., Oswald L.S., Song X., Weltevrede P., Barr E.D., Buchner S., Geyer M., Kramer M., Reardon D.J., Serylak M., Shannon R.M., Spiewak R., Venkatraman Krishnan V. =2021MNRAS.508.4249P (SIMBAD/NED BibCode) ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Surveys ; Pulsars ; Radio sources ; Spectroscopy Keywords: surveys; pulsars: general - radio continuum: stars Abstract: We present pulse width measurements for a sample of radio pulsars observed with the MeerKAT telescope as part of the Thousand-Pulsar-Array (TPA) programme in the MeerTime project. For a centre frequency of 1284 MHz, we obtain 762 W_10_ measurements across the total bandwidth of 775 MHz, where W_10_ is the width at the 10 per cent level of the pulse peak. We also measure about 400 W_10_ values in each of the four or eight frequency sub-bands. Assuming, the width is a function of the rotation period P, this relationship can be described with a power law with power law index {mu} = -0.29 +/- 0.03. However, using orthogonal distance regression, we determine a steeper power law with {mu} = -0.63 +/- 0.06. A density plot of the period-width data reveals such a fit to align well with the contours of highest density. Building on a previous population synthesis model, we obtain population-based estimates of the obliquity of the magnetic axis with respect to the rotation axis for our pulsars. Investigating the width changes over frequency, we unambiguously identify a group of pulsars that have width broadening at higher frequencies. The measured width changes show a monotonic behaviour with frequency for the whole TPA pulsar population, whether the pulses are becoming narrower or broader with increasing frequency. We exclude a sensitivity bias, scattering and noticeable differences in the pulse component numbers as explanations for these width changes, and attempt an explanation using a qualitative model of five contributing Gaussian pulse components with flux density spectra that depend on their rotational phase. Description: Here, we present measurements of a homogeneous large sample of pulse widths from the Thousand-Pulsar-Array (TPA) programme (Johnston et al. 2020MNRAS.493.3608J) on the MeerKAT telescope. We concentrate on a population-wide interpretation of these measurements and also study their frequency dependence within the bandwidth of the MeerKAT L-Band receiver centred at a frequency of 1284 MHz with a bandwidth of 775 MHz, a 64-dish radio interferometer. MeerKAT is located in the Karoo region of South Africa and is operated by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO). Bailes et al. (2020PASA...37...28B) presented in detail the instrumentation of MeerKAT for pulsar observations. Overall 1274 unique pulsars were observed between 2019 March 8 and 2020 October 30 (6277 individual observations), partly during the commissioning phase of the MeerKAT telescope, (i.e see the section 2 Observations). We proceed to data analysis (i.e sections 3.1 Data reduction and 3.2 Width measurements) to obtain pulse profile widths 1208 TPA pulsars as showed in the table1.dat. Next, in order to obtain the power law fit the rotation period and the width W_10_, we measured this width in several sub-frequency bands of the MeerKat channel 4 and 8, we organized measure results in the two tables table24.dat and table28.dat for the channel 4 and 8 respectively. Contrast and colours values are also available in these tables, (i.e see the section 4 Results, section 4.4 Width colours and contrasts). Finally, as explained in the section 4.3 Geometry constraints based on the population statistics, We use the simulation data set by Johnston and Karastergiou (2019MNRAS.485..640J) to obtain estimates of the obliquity angles {alpha} for each pulsar based on its known period and measured W_10_. Results are available the the tablec1.dat. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table1.dat 142 1208 Pulse profile widths as measured for the frequency-averaged data of 1208 TPA pulsars table24.dat 419 785 Pulse width measurements for the pulsars data in the individual frequency sub-bands of the channel 4 table28.dat 1435 702 Pulse width measurements for the pulsars data in the individual frequency sub-bands of the channel 8 tablec1.dat 32 762 Population-based obliquity angle estimates for the 762 TPA pulsars -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: J/ApJ/874/64 : 5GHz TMRT observations of 71 pulsars (Zhao+, 2019) J/A+A/586/A92 : Pulse profiles of 100 radio pulsars (Pilia+, 2016) J/ApJ/892/76 : The GBNCC pulsar survey. V. Pulsar census (McEwen+, 2020) J/MNRAS/489/1543 : Arecibo polarimetric single-pulse survey (Olszanski+, 2019) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 11 A11 --- PSR Pulsar name (PSRJ) 13- 18 F6.4 s P Pulsar's rotation period (P) 20- 25 F6.1 pc/cm3 DM Pulsar dispersion measure (DM) 27- 29 F3.1 --- IPflag ? Interpulses flag indicator (IPflag) (G1) 31 I1 --- Component Major or minor intensity peak flag (Component) (G2) 33- 35 F3.1 --- Sflag ? Scattered pulsars flag (Sflag) (1) 37- 42 F6.2 deg W50 ? Measured pulse width at 50 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W_50_) (G3) 44- 49 F6.2 deg E_W50 ? Positive uncertainty of W_50_ ({sigma}^+^_W50_) (G4) 51- 57 F7.2 deg e_W50 ? Negative uncertainty of W_50_ ({sigma}^-^_W50_) (G4) 59- 61 F3.1 --- W50Gflag ? Selected W_50_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W_50_Gflag) (G5) 63- 68 F6.2 deg W10 ? Measured pulse width at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W_10_) (G3) 70- 74 F5.2 deg E_W10 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_ ({sigma}^+^_W10_) (G4) 76- 82 F7.2 deg e_W10 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10_ ({sigma}^-^_W10_) (G4) 84- 89 F6.2 deg W10Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_ to be the symmetric error (G6) 91- 93 F3.1 --- W10Gflag ? Selected W_10_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W_10_Gflag) (G5) 95-100 F6.2 deg W5 ? Measured pulse width at 5 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W_5_) (G3) 102-107 F6.2 deg E_W5 ? Positive uncertainty of W_5_ ({sigma}^+^_W5_) (G4) 109-114 F6.2 deg e_W5 ? Negative uncertainty of W_5_ ({sigma}^-^_W5_) (G4) 116-118 F3.1 --- W5Gflag ? Selected W_5_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W_5_Gflag) (G5) 120-125 F6.2 deg W1 ? Measured pulse width at 1 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W_1_) (G3) 127-131 F5.2 deg E_W1 ? Positive uncertainty of W_1_ ({sigma}^+^_W1_) (G4) 133-138 F6.2 deg e_W1 ? Negative uncertainty of W_1_ ({sigma}^-^_W1_) (G4) 140-142 F3.1 --- W1Gflag ? Selected W_1_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W_1_Gflag) (G5) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): The Sflag (True if it is 1) indicates scattered pulsars from the list of Oswald et al. (2021MNRAS.504.1115O). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table24.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 11 A11 --- PSR Pulsar name (PSRJ) 13- 15 F3.1 --- IPflag ? Interpulses flag indicator (IPflag) (G1) 17 I1 --- Component Major or minor intensity peak flag (Component) (G2) 19- 24 F6.1 MHz freq1 Central frequency in sub-band 1 (freq1) (1) 26- 31 F6.2 deg W10-1 ? Measured pulse width for the first frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_1_) (G3) 33- 38 F6.2 deg E_W10-1 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-1 ({sigma}^+^_W10-1_) (G4) 40- 45 F6.2 deg e_W10-1 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10_-1 ({sigma}^-^_W10-1_) (G4) 47- 52 F6.2 deg W10-1Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-1 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_1_) (G6) 54- 56 F3.1 --- f_W10-1 ? Selected W10_1_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_1_) (G5) 58- 63 F6.1 MHz freq2 Central frequency in sub-band 2 (freq2) (2) 65- 70 F6.2 deg W10-2 ? Measured pulse width for the second frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_2_) (G3) 72- 76 F5.2 deg E_W10-2 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-2 ({sigma}^+^_W10-2_) (G4) 78- 83 F6.2 deg e_W10-2 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10_-2 ({sigma}^-^_W10-2_) (G4) 85- 89 F5.2 deg W10-2Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-2 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_2_) (G6) 91- 93 F3.1 --- f_W10-2 ? Selected W10_2_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_2_) (G5) 95-100 F6.1 MHz freq3 Central frequency in sub-band 3 (freq3) (3) 102-107 F6.2 deg W10-3 ? Measured pulse width for the third frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_3_) (G3) 109-114 F6.2 deg E_W10-3 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-3 ({sigma}^+^_W10-3_) (G4) 116-121 F6.2 deg e_W10-3 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-3 ({sigma}^-^_W10-3_) (G4) 123-128 F6.2 deg W10-3Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-3 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_3_) (G6) 130-132 F3.1 --- f_W10-3 ? Selected W10_3_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_3_) (G5) 134-139 F6.1 MHz freq4 Central frequency in sub-band 4 (freq4) (4) 141-146 F6.2 deg W10-4 ? Measured pulse width for the fourth frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_4_) (G3) 148-153 F6.2 deg E_W10-4 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-4 ({sigma}^+^_W10-4_) (G4) 155-160 F6.2 deg e_W10-4 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-4 ({sigma}^-^_W10-4_) (G4) 162-167 F6.2 deg W10-4Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-4 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_4_) (G6) 169-171 F3.1 --- f_W10-4 ? Selected W10_4_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_4_) (G5) 173-178 F6.2 deg C43 ? Width colour C_43_ (ColW10_43_) (G7) 180-185 F6.2 deg C43Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_43_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_43_) (G8) 187-192 F6.2 deg E_C43 ? Positive uncertainty of C_43_ ({sigma}^+^_C43_) (G8) 194-198 F5.2 deg e_C43 ? Negative uncertainty of C_43_ ({sigma}^-^_C43_) (G8) 200-206 F7.4 --- K43 ? Width contrast K_43_ (KonW10_43_) (G7) 208-214 F7.4 --- e_K43 ? Chosen uncertainty of K_43_ (uncKonW10_43_) (G8) 216-221 F6.2 deg C42 ? Width colour C_42_ (ColW10_42_) (G7) 223-228 F6.2 deg C42Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_42_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_42_) (G8) 230-235 F6.2 deg E_C42 ? Positive uncertainty of C_42_ ({sigma}^+^_C42_) (G8) 237-241 F5.2 deg e_C42 ? Negative uncertainty of C_42_ ({sigma}^-^_C42_) (G8) 243-249 F7.4 --- K42 ? Width contrast K_42_ (KonW10_42_) (G7) 251-257 F7.4 --- e_K42 ? Chosen uncertainty of K_42_ (uncKonW10_42_) (G8) 259-264 F6.2 deg C41 ? Width colour C_41_ (ColW10_41_) (G7) 266-271 F6.2 deg C41Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_41_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_41_) (G8) 273-278 F6.2 deg E_C41 ? Positive uncertainty of C_41_ ({sigma}^+^_C41_) (G8) 280-284 F5.2 deg e_C41 ? Negative uncertainty of C_41_ ({sigma}^-^_C41_) (G8) 286-292 F7.4 --- K41 ? Width contrast K_41_ (KonW10_41_) (G7) 294-300 F7.4 --- e_K41 ? Chosen uncertainty of K_41_ (uncKonW10_41_) (G8) 302-307 F6.2 deg C32 ? Width colour C_32_ (ColW10_32_) (G7) 309-313 F5.2 deg C32Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_32_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_32_) (G8) 315-319 F5.2 deg E_C32 ? Positive uncertainty of C_32_ ({sigma}^+^_C32_) (G8) 321-324 F4.2 deg e_C32 ? Negative uncertainty of C_32_ ({sigma}^-^_C32_) (G8) 326-332 F7.4 --- K32 ? Width contrast K_32_ (KonW10_32_) (G7) 334-339 F6.4 --- e_K32 ? Chosen uncertainty of K_32_ (uncKonW10_42_) (G8) 341-346 F6.2 deg C31 ? Width colour C_31_ (ColW10_31_) (G7) 348-352 F5.2 deg C31Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_31_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_31_) (G8) 354-358 F5.2 deg E_C31 ? Positive uncertainty of C_31_ ({sigma}^+^_C31_) (G8) 360-364 F5.2 deg e_C31 ? Negative uncertainty of C_31_ ({sigma}^-^_C31_) (G8) 366-372 F7.4 --- K31 ? Width contrast K_31_ (KonW10_31_) (G7) 374-379 F6.4 --- e_K31 ? Chosen uncertainty of K_31_ (uncKonW10_31_) (G8) 381-386 F6.2 deg C21 ? Width colour C_21_ (ColW10_21_) (G7) 388-392 F5.2 deg C21Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_21_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_21_) (G8) 394-398 F5.2 deg E_C21 ? Positive uncertainty of C_21_ ({sigma}^+^_C21_) (G8) 400-404 F5.2 deg e_C21 ? Negative uncertainty of C_21_ ({sigma}^-^_C21_) (G8) 406-412 F7.4 --- K21 ? Width contrast K_21_ (KonW10_21_) (G7) 414-419 F6.4 --- e_K21 ? Chosen uncertainty of K_21_ (uncKonW10_21_) (G8) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): For the first central frequency : frequency : min = 987.8 MHz max = 1009.4 MHz mean = 995.817 MHz Band-width = 194 MHz wavelength : min = 29.71cm max = 30.37 cm mean = 30.14 cm bandwidth = (27.45 cm - 33.37 cm) Note (2): For the second central frequency : frequency : min = 1138.1 MHz max = 1203.6 MHz mean = 1178.19 MHz Band-width = 194 MHz wavelength : min = 24.87 cm max = 26.36 cm mean = 25.47 cm band-width = (23.49 cm - 27.74 cm) Note (3): For the third central frequency : frequency : min = 1378.8 MHz max = 1389.5 MHz mean = 1381.74 MHz Band-width = 194 MHz wavelength : min = 21.57 cm max = 21.78 cm mean = 21.71 cm band-width = (20.29 cm - 23.35 cm) Note (4): For the fourth central frequency : frequency : min = 1570.3 MHz max = 1590.3 MHz mean = 1575.63 MHz Band-width = 194 MHz wavelength : min = 18.85 cm max = 19.09 cm mean = 19.03 cm band-width = (17.95 cm - 20.29 cm) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table28.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 11 A11 --- PSR Pulsar name (PSRJ) 13- 15 F3.1 --- IPflag ? Interpulses flag indicator (IPflag) (G1) 17 I1 --- Comp Major or minor intensity peak flag (Component) (G2) 19- 23 F5.1 MHz freq1 Central frequency in sub-band 1 (freq1) (1) 25- 30 F6.2 deg W10-1 ? Measured pulse width for the first frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_1_) (G3) 32- 36 F5.2 deg E_W10-1 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-1 ({sigma}^+^_W10-1_) (G4) 38- 43 F6.2 deg e_W10-1 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10_-1 ({sigma}^-^_W10-1_) (G4) 45- 49 F5.2 deg W10-1Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-1 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_1_) (G6) 51- 53 F3.1 --- f_W10-1 ? Selected W10_1_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_1_) (G5) 55- 60 F6.1 MHz freq2 Central frequency in sub-band 2 (freq2) (2) 62- 67 F6.2 deg W10-2 ? Measured pulse width for the second frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_2_) (G3) 69- 74 F6.2 deg E_W10-2 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-2 ({sigma}^+^_W10-2_) (G4) 76- 81 F6.2 deg e_W10-2 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10_-2 ({sigma}^-^_W10-2_) (G4) 83- 88 F6.2 deg W10-2Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-2 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_2_) (G6) 90- 92 F3.1 --- f_W10-2 ? Selected W10_2_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_2_) (G5) 94- 99 F6.1 MHz freq3 Central frequency in sub-band 3 (freq3) (3) 101- 106 F6.2 deg W10-3 ? Measured pulse width for the third frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_3_) (G3) 108- 112 F5.2 deg E_W10-3 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-3 ({sigma}^+^_W10-3_) (G4) 114- 119 F6.2 deg e_W10-3 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-3 ({sigma}^-^_W10-3_) (G4) 121- 125 F5.2 deg W10-3Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-3 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_3_) (G6) 127- 129 F3.1 --- f_W10-3 ? Selected W10_3_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_3_) (G5) 131- 136 F6.1 MHz freq4 Central frequency in sub-band 4 (freq4) (4) 138- 143 F6.2 deg W10-4 ? Measured pulse width for the fourth frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_4_) (G3) 145- 149 F5.2 deg E_W10-4 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-4 ({sigma}^+^_W10-4_) (G4) 151- 156 F6.2 deg e_W10-4 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-4 ({sigma}^-^_W10-4_) (G4) 158- 162 F5.2 deg W10-4Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-4 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_4_) (G6) 164- 166 F3.1 --- f_W10-4 ? Selected W10_4_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_4_) (G5) 168- 173 F6.1 MHz freq5 Central frequency in sub-band 5 (freq5) (5) 175- 180 F6.2 deg W10-5 ? Measured pulse width for the fifth frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_5_) (G3) 182- 186 F5.2 deg E_W10-5 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-5 ({sigma}^+^_W10-5_) (G4) 188- 194 F7.2 deg e_W10-5 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-5 ({sigma}^-^_W10-5_) (G4) 196- 201 F6.2 deg W10-5Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-5 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_5_) (G6) 203- 205 F3.1 --- f_W10-5 ? Selected W10_5_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_5_) (G5) 207- 212 F6.1 MHz freq6 Central frequency in sub-band 6 (freq6) (6) 214- 219 F6.2 deg W10-6 ? Measured pulse width for the sixth frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_6_) (G3) 221- 226 F6.2 deg E_W10-6 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-6 ({sigma}^+^_W10-6_) (G4) 228- 233 F6.2 deg e_W10-6 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-6 ({sigma}^-^_W10-6_) (G4) 235- 240 F6.2 deg W10-6Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-6 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_6_) (G6) 242- 244 F3.1 --- f_W10-6 ? Selected W10_6_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_6_) (G5) 246- 251 F6.1 MHz freq7 Central frequency in sub-band 7 (freq7) (7) 253- 258 F6.2 deg W10-7 ? Measured pulse width for the seventh frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_7_) (G3) 260- 264 F5.2 deg E_W10-7 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-7 ({sigma}^+^_W10-7_) (G4) 266- 271 F6.2 deg e_W10-7 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-7 ({sigma}^-^_W10-7_) (G4) 273- 277 F5.2 deg W10-7Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-7 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_7_) (G6) 279- 281 F3.1 --- f_W10-7 ? Selected W10_7_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_7_) (G5) 283- 288 F6.1 MHz freq8 Central frequency in sub-band 8 (freq8) (8) 290- 295 F6.2 deg W10-8 ? Measured pulse width for the eigth frequency sub-band at 10 per cent of the pulse profile peak (W10_8_) (G3) 297- 301 F5.2 deg E_W10-8 ? Positive uncertainty of W_10_-8 ({sigma}^+^_W10-8_) (G4) 303- 308 F6.2 deg e_W10-8 ? Negative uncertainty of W_10-8 ({sigma}^-^_W10-8_) (G4) 310- 314 F5.2 deg W10-8Err ? Chosen uncertainty of W_10_-8 to be the symmetric error (uncW10_8_) (G6) 316- 318 F3.1 --- f_W10-8 ? Selected W10_8_ measurement based on our criteria flag (W10Gflag_8_) (G5) 320- 324 F5.2 deg C87 ? Width colour C_87_ (ColW10_87_) (G7) 326- 330 F5.2 deg C87Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_87_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_87_) (G8) 332- 336 F5.2 deg E_C87 ? Positive uncertainty of C_87_ ({sigma}^+^_C87_) (G8) 338- 342 F5.2 deg e_C87 ? Negative uncertainty of C_87_ ({sigma}^-^_C87_) (G8) 344- 350 F7.4 --- K87 ? Width contrast K_87_ (KonW10_87_) (G7) 352- 357 F6.4 --- e_K87 ? Chosen error of K_87_ (uncKonW10_87_) (G8) 359- 364 F6.2 deg C86 ? Width colour C_86_ (ColW10_86_) (G7) 366- 370 F5.2 deg C86Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_86_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_86_) (G8) 372- 376 F5.2 deg E_C86 ? Positive uncertainty of C_86_ ({sigma}^+^_C86_) (G8) 378- 382 F5.2 deg e_C86 ? Negative uncertainty of C_86_ ({sigma}^-^_C86_) (G8) 384- 390 F7.4 --- K86 ? Width contrast K_86_ (KonW10_86_) (G7) 392- 397 F6.4 --- e_K86 ? Chosen error of K_86_ (uncKonW10_86_) (G8) 399- 404 F6.2 deg C85 ? Width colour C_85_ (ColW10_85_) (G7) 406- 410 F5.2 deg C85Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_85_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_85_) (G8) 412- 416 F5.2 deg E_C85 ? Positive uncertainty of C_85_ ({sigma}^+^_C85_) (G8) 418- 422 F5.2 deg e_C85 ? Negative uncertainty of C_85_ ({sigma}^-^_C85_) (G8) 424- 430 F7.4 --- K85 ? Width contrast K_85_ (KonW10_85_) (G7) 432- 437 F6.4 --- e_K85 ? Chosen error of K_85_ (uncKonW10_85_) (G8) 439- 444 F6.2 deg C84 ? Width colour C_84_ (ColW10_84_) (G7) 446- 450 F5.2 deg C84Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_84_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_84_) (G8) 452- 456 F5.2 deg E_C84 ? Positive uncertainty of C_84_ ({sigma}^+^_C84_) (G8) 458- 462 F5.2 deg e_C84 ? Negative uncertainty of C_84_ ({sigma}^-^_C84_) (G8) 464- 470 F7.4 --- K84 ? Width contrast K_84_ (KonW10_84_) (G7) 472- 477 F6.4 --- e_K84 ? Chosen error of K_84_ (uncKonW10_84_) (G8) 479- 484 F6.2 deg C83 ? Width colour C_83_ (ColW10_83_) (G7) 486- 490 F5.2 deg C83Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_83_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_83_) (G8) 492- 496 F5.2 deg E_C83 ? Positive uncertainty of C_83_ ({sigma}^+^_C83_) (G8) 498- 502 F5.2 deg e_C83 ? Negative uncertainty of C_83_ ({sigma}^-^_C83_) (G8) 504- 510 F7.4 --- K83 ? Width contrast K_83_ (KonW10_83_) (G7) 512- 517 F6.4 --- e_K83 ? Chosen error of K_83_ (uncKonW10_83_) (G8) 519- 524 F6.2 deg C82 ? Width colour C_82_ (ColW10_82_) (G7) 526- 530 F5.2 deg C82Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_82_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_82_) (G8) 532- 536 F5.2 deg E_C82 ? Positive uncertainty of C_82_ ({sigma}^+^_C82_) (G8) 538- 542 F5.2 deg e_C82 ? Negative uncertainty of C_82_ ({sigma}^-^_C82_) (G8) 544- 550 F7.4 --- K82 ? Width contrast K_82_ (KonW10_82_) (G7) 552- 557 F6.4 --- e_K82 ? Chosen error of K_82_ (uncKonW10_82_) (G8) 559- 564 F6.2 deg C81 ? Width colour C_81_ (ColW10_81_) (G7) 566- 570 F5.2 deg C81Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_81_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_81_) (G8) 572- 576 F5.2 deg E_C81 ? Positive uncertainty of C_81_ ({sigma}^+^_C81_) (G8) 578- 582 F5.2 deg e_C81 ? Negative uncertainty of C_81_ ({sigma}^-^_C81_) (G8) 584- 590 F7.4 --- K81 ? Width contrast K_81_ (KonW10_81_) (G7) 592- 597 F6.4 --- e_K81 ? Chosen error of K_81_ (uncKonW10_81_) (G8) 599- 604 F6.2 deg C76 ? Width colour C_76_ (ColW10_76_) (G7) 606- 610 F5.2 deg C76Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_76_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_76_) (G8) 612- 616 F5.2 deg E_C76 ? Positive uncertainty of C_76_ ({sigma}^+^_C76_) (G8) 618- 622 F5.2 deg e_C76 ? Negative uncertainty of C_76_ ({sigma}^-^_C76_) (G8) 624- 630 F7.4 --- K76 ? Width contrast K_76_ (KonW10_76_) (G7) 632- 637 F6.4 --- e_K76 ? Chosen error of K_76_ (uncKonW10_76_) (G8) 639- 644 F6.2 deg C75 ? Width colour C_75_ (ColW10_75_) (G7) 646- 650 F5.2 deg C75Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_75_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_75_) (G8) 652- 656 F5.2 deg E_C75 ? Positive uncertainty of C_75_ ({sigma}^+^_C75_) (G8) 658- 662 F5.2 deg e_C75 ? Negative uncertainty of C_75_ ({sigma}^-^_C75_) (G8) 664- 670 F7.4 --- K75 ? Width contrast K_75_ (KonW10_75_) (G7) 672- 677 F6.4 --- e_K75 ? Chosen error of K_75_ (uncKonW10_75_) (G8) 679- 684 F6.2 deg C74 ? Width colour C_74_ (ColW10_74_) (G7) 686- 690 F5.2 deg C74Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_74_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_74_) (G8) 692- 696 F5.2 deg E_C74 ? Positive uncertainty of C_74_ ({sigma}^+^_C74_) (G8) 698- 702 F5.2 deg e_C74 ? Negative uncertainty of C_74_ ({sigma}^-^_C74_) (G8) 704- 710 F7.4 --- K74 ? Width contrast K_74_ (KonW10_74_) (G7) 712- 717 F6.4 --- e_K74 ? Chosen error of K_74_ (uncKonW10_74_) (G8) 719- 724 F6.2 deg C73 ? Width colour C_73_ (ColW10_73_) (G7) 726- 730 F5.2 deg C73Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_73_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_73_) (G8) 732- 735 F4.2 deg E_C73 ? Positive uncertainty of C_73_ ({sigma}^+^_C73_) (G8) 737- 741 F5.2 deg e_C73 ? Negative uncertainty of C_73_ ({sigma}^-^_C73_) (G8) 743- 749 F7.4 --- K73 ? Width contrast K_73_ (KonW10_73_) (G7) 751- 756 F6.4 --- e_K73 ? Chosen error of K_73_ (uncKonW10_73_) (G8) 758- 763 F6.2 deg C72 ? Width colour C_72_ (ColW10_72_) (G7) 765- 769 F5.2 deg C72Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_72_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_72_) (G8) 771- 775 F5.2 deg E_C72 ? Positive uncertainty of C_72_ ({sigma}^+^_C72_) (G8) 777- 781 F5.2 deg e_C72 ? Negative uncertainty of C_72_ ({sigma}^-^_C72_) (G8) 783- 789 F7.4 --- K72 ? Width contrast K_72_ (KonW10_72_) (G7) 791- 796 F6.4 --- e_K72 ? Chosen error of K_72_ (uncKonW10_72_) (G8) 798- 803 F6.2 deg C71 ? Width colour C_71_ (ColW10_71_) (G7) 805- 809 F5.2 deg C71Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_71_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_71_) (G8) 811- 814 F4.2 deg E_C71 ? Positive uncertainty of C_71_ ({sigma}^+^_C71_) (G8) 816- 820 F5.2 deg e_C71 ? Negative uncertainty of C_71_ ({sigma}^-^_C71_) (G8) 822- 828 F7.4 --- K71 ? Width contrast K_71_ (KonW10_71_) (G7) 830- 835 F6.4 --- e_K71 ? Chosen error of K_71_ (uncKonW10_71_) (G8) 837- 841 F5.2 deg C65 ? Width colour C_65_ (ColW10_65_) (G7) 843- 847 F5.2 deg C65Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_65_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_65_) (G8) 849- 853 F5.2 deg E_C65 ? Positive uncertainty of C_65_ ({sigma}^+^_C65_) (G8) 855- 859 F5.2 deg e_C65 ? Negative uncertainty of C_65_ ({sigma}^-^_C65_) (G8) 861- 867 F7.4 --- K65 ? Width contrast K_65_ (KonW10_65_) (G7) 869- 874 F6.4 --- e_K65 ? Chosen error of K_65_ (uncKonW10_65_) (G8) 876- 881 F6.2 deg C64 ? Width colour C_64_ (ColW10_64_) (G7) 883- 887 F5.2 deg C64Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_64_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_64_) (G8) 889- 893 F5.2 deg E_C64 ? Positive uncertainty of C_64_ ({sigma}^+^_C64_) (G8) 895- 899 F5.2 deg e_C64 ? Negative uncertainty of C_64_ ({sigma}^-^_C64_) (G8) 901- 907 F7.4 --- K64 ? Width contrast K_64_ (KonW10_64_) (G7) 909- 914 F6.4 --- e_K64 ? Chosen error of K_64_ (uncKonW10_64_) (G8) 916- 921 F6.2 deg C63 ? Width colour C_63_ (ColW10_63_) (G7) 923- 927 F5.2 deg C63Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_63_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_63_) (G8) 929- 933 F5.2 deg E_C63 ? Positive uncertainty of C_63_ ({sigma}^+^_C63_) (G8) 935- 938 F4.2 deg e_C63 ? Negative uncertainty of C_63_ ({sigma}^-^_C63_) (G8) 940- 946 F7.4 --- K63 ? Width contrast K_63_ (KonW10_63_) (G7) 948- 953 F6.4 --- e_K63 ? Chosen error of K_63_ (uncKonW10_63_) (G8) 955- 960 F6.2 deg C62 ? Width colour C_62_ (ColW10_62_) (G7) 962- 966 F5.2 deg C62Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_62_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_62_) (G8) 968- 972 F5.2 deg E_C62 ? Positive uncertainty of C_62_ ({sigma}^+^_C62_) (G8) 974- 978 F5.2 deg e_C62 ? Negative uncertainty of C_62_ ({sigma}^-^_C62_) (G8) 980- 986 F7.4 --- K62 ? Width contrast K_62_ (KonW10_62_) (G7) 988- 993 F6.4 --- e_K62 ? Chosen error of K_62_ (uncKonW10_62_) (G8) 995-1000 F6.2 deg C61 ? Width colour C_61_ (ColW10_61_) (G7) 1002-1006 F5.2 deg C61Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_61_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_61_) (G8) 1008-1012 F5.2 deg E_C61 ? Positive uncertainty of C_61_ ({sigma}^+^_C61_) (G8) 1014-1018 F5.2 deg e_C61 ? Negative uncertainty of C_61_ ({sigma}^-^_C61_) (G8) 1020-1026 F7.4 --- K61 ? Width contrast K_61_ (KonW10_61_) (G7) 1028-1033 F6.4 --- e_K61 ? Chosen error of K_61_ (uncKonW10_61_) (G8) 1035-1039 F5.2 deg C54 ? Width colour C_54_ (ColW10_54_) (G7) 1041-1045 F5.2 deg C54Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_54_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_54_) (G8) 1047-1051 F5.2 deg E_C54 ? Positive uncertainty of C_54_ ({sigma}^+^_C54_) (G8) 1053-1057 F5.2 deg e_C54 ? Negative uncertainty of C_54_ ({sigma}^-^_C54_) (G8) 1059-1065 F7.4 --- K54 ? Width contrast K_54_ (KonW10_54_) (G7) 1067-1072 F6.4 --- e_K54 ? Chosen error of K_54_ (uncKonW10_54_) (G8) 1074-1079 F6.2 deg C53 ? Width colour C_53_ (ColW10_53_) (G7) 1081-1085 F5.2 deg C53Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_53_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_53_) (G8) 1087-1091 F5.2 deg E_C53 ? Positive uncertainty of C_53_ ({sigma}^+^_C53_) (G8) 1093-1097 F5.2 deg e_C53 ? Negative uncertainty of C_53_ ({sigma}^-^_C53_) (G8) 1099-1105 F7.4 --- K53 ? Width contrast K_53_ (KonW10_53_) (G7) 1107-1112 F6.4 --- e_K53 ? Chosen error of K_53_ (uncKonW10_53_) (G8) 1114-1119 F6.2 deg C52 ? Width colour C_52_ (ColW10_52_) (G7) 1121-1126 F6.2 deg C52Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_52_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_52_) (G8) 1128-1132 F5.2 deg E_C52 ? Positive uncertainty of C_52_ ({sigma}^+^_C52_) (G8) 1134-1139 F6.2 deg e_C52 ? Negative uncertainty of C_52_ ({sigma}^-^_C52_) (G8) 1141-1147 F7.4 --- K52 ? Width contrast K_52_ (KonW10_52_) (G7) 1149-1155 F7.4 --- e_K52 ? Chosen error of K_52_ (uncKonW10_52_) (G8) 1157-1162 F6.2 deg C51 ? Width colour C_51_ (ColW10_51_) (G7) 1164-1169 F6.2 deg C51Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_51_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_51_) (G8) 1171-1175 F5.2 deg E_C51 ? Positive uncertainty of C_51_ ({sigma}^+^_C51_) (G8) 1177-1182 F6.2 deg e_C51 ? Negative uncertainty of C_51_ ({sigma}^-^_C51_) (G8) 1184-1190 F7.4 --- K51 ? Width contrast K_51_ (KonW10_51_) (G7) 1192-1198 F7.4 --- e_K51 ? Chosen error of K_51_ (uncKonW10_51_) (G8) 1200-1205 F6.2 deg C43 ? Width colour C_43_ (ColW10_43_) (G7) 1207-1210 F4.2 deg C43Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_43_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_43_) (G8) 1212-1215 F4.2 deg E_C43 ? Positive uncertainty of C_43_ ({sigma}^+^_C43_) (G8) 1217-1220 F4.2 deg e_C43 ? Negative uncertainty of C_43_ ({sigma}^-^_C43_) (G8) 1222-1228 F7.4 --- K43 ? Width contrast K_43_ (KonW10_43_) (G7) 1230-1235 F6.4 --- e_K43 ? Chosen error of K_43_ (uncKonW10_43_) (G8) 1237-1242 F6.2 deg C42 ? Width colour C_42_ (ColW10_42_) (G7) 1244-1248 F5.2 deg C42Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_42_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_42_) (G8) 1250-1253 F4.2 deg E_C42 ? Positive uncertainty of C_42_ ({sigma}^+^_C42_) (G8) 1255-1259 F5.2 deg e_C42 ? Negative uncertainty of C_42_ ({sigma}^-^_C42_) (G8) 1261-1267 F7.4 --- K42 ? Width contrast K_42_ (KonW10_42_) (G7) 1269-1274 F6.4 --- e_K42 ? Chosen error of K_42_ (uncKonW10_42_) (G8) 1276-1281 F6.2 deg C41 ? Width colour C_41_ (ColW10_41_) (G7) 1283-1287 F5.2 deg C41Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_41_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_41_) (G8) 1289-1292 F4.2 deg E_C41 ? Positive uncertainty of C_41_ ({sigma}^+^_C41_) (G8) 1294-1298 F5.2 deg e_C41 ? Negative uncertainty of C_41_ ({sigma}^-^_C41_) (G8) 1300-1306 F7.4 --- K41 ? Width contrast K_41_ (KonW10_41_) (G7) 1308-1313 F6.4 --- e_K41 ? Chosen error of K_41_ (uncKonW10_41_) (G8) 1315-1320 F6.2 deg C32 ? Width colour C_32_ (ColW10_32_) (G7) 1322-1326 F5.2 deg C32Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_32_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_32_) (G8) 1328-1331 F4.2 deg E_C32 ? Positive uncertainty of C_32_ ({sigma}^+^_C32_) (G8) 1333-1337 F5.2 deg e_C32 ? Negative uncertainty of C_32_ ({sigma}^-^_C32_) (G8) 1339-1345 F7.4 --- K32 ? Width contrast K_32_ (KonW10_32_) (G7) 1347-1352 F6.4 --- e_K32 ? Chosen error of K_32_ (uncKonW10_32_) (G8) 1354-1359 F6.2 deg C31 ? Width colour C_31_ (ColW10_31_) (G7) 1361-1365 F5.2 deg C31Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_31_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_31_) (G8) 1367-1371 F5.2 deg E_C31 ? Positive uncertainty of C_31_ ({sigma}^+^_C31_) (G8) 1373-1377 F5.2 deg e_C31 ? Negative uncertainty of C_31_ ({sigma}^-^_C31_) (G8) 1379-1385 F7.4 --- K31 ? Width contrast K_31_ (KonW10_31_) (G7) 1387-1392 F6.4 --- e_K31 ? Chosen error of K_31_ (uncKonW10_31_) (G8) 1394-1399 F6.2 deg C21 ? Width colour C_21_ (ColW10_21_) (G7) 1401-1406 F6.2 deg C21Err ? Chosen uncertainty of C_21_ to be the symmetric error (uncColW10_21_) (G8) 1408-1413 F6.2 deg E_C21 ? Positive uncertainty of C_21_ ({sigma}^+^_C21_) (G8) 1415-1419 F5.2 deg e_C21 ? Negative uncertainty of C_21_ ({sigma}^-^_C21_) (G8) 1421-1427 F7.4 --- K21 ? Width contrast K_21_ (KonW10_21_) (G7) 1429-1435 F7.4 --- e_K21 ? Chosen error of K_21_ (uncKonW10_21_) (G8) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): For the first central frequency : frequency : min = 928.0 MHz max = 952.2 MHz mean = 944.149 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 31.51 cm max = 32.33 cm mean = 31.78 cm bandwidth = (30.22 cm - 33.50 cm) Note (2): For the second central frequency : frequency : min = 1035.7 MHz max = 1045.7 MHz mean = 1040.2 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 28.69 cm max = 28.97 cm mean = 28.84 cm bandwidth = (27.55 cm - 30.25 cm) Note (3): For the third central frequency : frequency : min = 1119.7 MHz max = 1152.7 MHz mean = 1134.85 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 26.03 cm max = 26.79 cm mean = 28.84 cm bandwidth = (25.35 cm - 27.62 cm) Note (4): For the fourth central frequency : frequency : min = 1224.8 MHz max = 1244.2 MHz mean = 1231.62 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 24.11 cm max = 24.49 cm mean = 24.36 cm bandwidth = (23.44 cm - 25.36 cm) Note (5): For the fifth central frequency : frequency : min = 1330.3 MHz max = 1341.1 MHz mean = 1333.28 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 22.37 cm max = 22.55 cm mean = 22.50 cm bandwidth = (21.71 cm - 23.35 cm) Note (6): For the sixth central frequency : frequency : min = 1422.7 MHz max = 1430.8 MHz mean = 1429.1 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 20.97 cm max = 21.09 cm mean = 20.99 cm bandwidth = (20.30 cm - 21.73 cm) Note (7): For the seventh central frequency : frequency : min = 1496.4 MHz max = 1526.1 MHz mean = 1519.56 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 19.66 cm max = 20.05 cm mean = 19.74 cm bandwidth = (19.13 cm 20.39 cm) Note (8): For the eigth central frequency : frequency : min = 1622.8 MHz max = 1638.3 MHz mean = 1627.28 MHz Band-width = 97 MHz wavelength : min = 18.31 cm max = 18.49 cm mean = 18.44 cm bandwidth = (17.90 cm - 19.00 cm) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 11 A11 --- PSR Pulsar name (PSRJ) 13 I1 --- Component Major or minor intensity peak flag (Component) (G2) 15- 19 F5.2 deg alpha Obliquity {alpha} which is the angle between magnetic and rotation axes ({alpha}) (1) 21- 26 F6.2 deg e_alpha Negative uncertainty of {alpha} ({sigma}^-^_{alpha}_) (2) 28- 32 F5.2 deg E_alpha Positive uncertainty of {alpha} ({sigma}^+^_{alpha}_) (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): We use the simulation data set by JK19 (Johnston and Karastergiou 2019MNRAS.485..640J) to obtain estimates of the angles {alpha} for each pulsar based on its known period and measured W_10_, by marginalizing over the parameters height and beam filling factor in the JK19 model, and assuming {beta} => 0 (the angle between the magnetic axis and the observer's line of sight) for simplicity, (i.e see the section 4.3 Geometry constraints based on the population statistics). This data is the 50 per cent quantile of {alpha}. Note (2): {sigma}^-^_{alpha}_ and {sigma}^+^_{alpha}_ indicate the uncertainties based on the 16 per cent, 50 per cent, and 84 percentiles. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Global notes: Note (G1): IPflag indicates pulsars that are thought to have interpulses. Note (G2): The component lists whether the measurement is for the major (quoted 1) or minor (quoted 2) peak in the pulse profile of the interpulse pulsar. Note (G3): In order to measure pulse widths, we define a contiguous analysis region (or on-pulse region) around the pulse. We use the pulse profile data (after baseline subtraction), the Gaussian-Profile-derived noiseless profile, and {sigma}_GP_ (noise variances), by requiring the edges to have a minimum signal-to-noise ratio of three in (at least) five subsequent bins. The peak of the noiseless profile and {sigma}_GP_ define our peak signal-to-noise ratio, S/N. The pulse widths W_50_, W_10_, W_5_, W_1_ correspond to measurements where the noiseless pulse profile is 50 per cent, 10 per cent, 5 per cent, and 1 per cent of its peak value, respectively, (i.e see the entire section 3 Data analysis). Note (G4): Width uncertainties are obtained from taking measurements at +/-1{sigma}_GP_ (e.g. for W_50_ the width measurement at 50 per cent of the peak value +/-1{sigma}_GP_ defines the +/-1{sigma} uncertainty of W_50_). This approach only returns whole phase bin values, and for very small uncertainties (< 0.5 bin) a value of 0 is returned. In such cases, we set the uncertainty to a conservative 0.5 bin value for the analysis steps. The width uncertainties are often slightly asymmetric ({sigma}_+_, {sigma}_-_) as can be seen from the listed values, (i.e see the section 3.2 Width measurements). Note (G5): The Gflag (True if it is 1) indicates whether a width measurement fulfils our criterion for a 'valid' measurement to be included in our analysis. Note (G6): Where we applied symmetric errors in subsequent analysis (e.g. power law fits), we chose the larger of the two uncertainties. Based on the binning of our data and our error definitions, we require width measurements to be at least 3 bins (or approximately 1 degree in rotational phase) to be included in our analysis. Note (G7): As explained in the section 4.4 Width colours and contrasts, in order to describe frequency-dependent changes of the widths, we define width colours, C_xy_, and width contrasts, K_xy_. The width colour is the difference of two width measurements in two frequency channels x and y, C_xy_ = W_10,x_ - W_10,y_. For the width contrasts, we defined it as Kxy,t = (W_10,x_ - W_10,y_)/W_10,t_ where W_10,t_ is the width measurement in the total frequency band. Note (G8): The W10 measurements typically have heteroscedastic uncertainties. We consider this heteroscedasticity in the colour uncertainty estimates in a conservative way. Thus, for the negative (positive) uncertainty of C_xy_, we consider the negative (positive) error of W_10,x_ and the positive (negative) error of W_10,y_ for the error propagation. For the uncertainty estimate of the contrast, we use error propagation with the maximum error of each width measurement. The contrast is useful to emphasize changes across the population since it normalizes the change for each individual pulsar. However, due to the additional term in the contrast formula, it also has a larger uncertainty, (i.e see section 4.4 Width colours and contrasts). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal ================================================================================ (End) Luc Trabelsi (CDS) 27-Aug-2024