J/ApJ/866/99 Revised radii of KIC stars & planets using Gaia DR2 (Berger+, 2018) ================================================================================ Revised radii of Kepler stars and planets using Gaia Data Release 2. Berger T.A., Huber D., Gaidos E., van Saders J.L. =2018ApJ...866...99B ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets; Stars, diameters; Stars, distances; Effective temperatures Keywords: catalogs ; planetary systems ; stars: fundamental parameters ; techniques: photometric Abstract: One bottleneck for the exploitation of data from the Kepler mission for stellar astrophysics and exoplanet research has been the lack of precise radii and evolutionary states for most of the observed stars. We report revised radii of 177911 Kepler stars derived by combining parallaxes from the Gaia Data Release 2 with the DR25 Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog. The median radius precision is ~8%, a typical improvement by a factor of 4-5 over previous estimates for typical Kepler stars. We find that ~67% (~120000) of all Kepler targets are main-sequence stars, ~21% (~37000) are subgiants, and ~12% (~21000) are red giants, demonstrating that subgiant contamination is less severe than some previous estimates and that Kepler targets are mostly main-sequence stars. Using the revised stellar radii, we recalculate the radii for 2123 confirmed and 1922 candidate exoplanets. We confirm the presence of a gap in the radius distribution of small, close-in planets, but find that the gap is mostly limited to incident fluxes >200F_{Earth}_, and its location may be at a slightly larger radius (closer to ~2R_{Earth}_) when compared to previous results. Furthermore, we find several confirmed exoplanets occupying a previously described "hot super-Earth desert" at high irradiance, show the relation between a gas-giant planet's radius and its incident flux, and establish a bona fide sample of eight confirmed planets and 30 planet candidates with Rp<2R_{Earth}_ in circumstellar "habitable zones" (incident fluxes between 0.25 and 1.50F_{Earth}_). The results presented here demonstrate the potential for transformative characterization of stellar and exoplanet populations using Gaia data. Description: First, we crossmatched the positions of all stars from the Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog (KSPC DR25; Mathur+ 2017, J/ApJS/229/30) with the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2, I/345) by utilizing the X-match service of the Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS). This provided a table of Gaia DR2 source matches within 3" of each Keplers tar. Excluding stars through a variety of cuts reduced our final sample to 177911 Kepler stars. See section 2.1 for further details. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table1.dat 98 177911 Revised parameters of Kepler stars table2.dat 83 4045 Revised parameters of Kepler exoplanets -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) J/A+A/523/A48 : Gaia photometry (Jordi+, 2010) J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011) J/ApJS/199/30 : Effective temperature scale for KIC stars (Pinsonneault+, 2012) J/ApJ/757/161 : Spectroscopy of 56 exoplanet host stars (Torres+, 2012) J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013) J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013) J/ApJ/767/127 : Asteroseismic solutions for 77 Kepler stars (Huber+, 2013) J/ApJ/765/L41 : Asteroseismic classification of KIC objects (Stello+, 2013) J/ApJ/788/L9 : Stellar parameters of KIC planet-host stars (Bastien+, 2014) J/ApJS/210/1 : Asteroseismic study of solar-type stars (Chaplin+, 2014) J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014) J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet cand. host stars (Law+, 2014) J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014) J/ApJ/808/187 : Metallicities of KIC stars without planets (Buchhave+, 2015) J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOIs (Burke+, 2015) J/ApJS/220/19 : LAMOST obs. in the Kepler field. I. (De Cat+, 2015) J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015) J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016) J/MNRAS/457/2877 : Kepler M dwarf stars revised properties (Gaidos+, 2016) J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016) J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016) J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Radii (Fulton+, 2017) J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plx from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017) J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017) J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017) J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017) J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018) J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018) J/AJ/155/161 : Stars nearby Robo-AO Kepler planetary cand. (Ziegler+, 2018) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 8 I8 --- KIC [757076/12984422] Kepler Input Catalog identifier 10- 28 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR2 identifier 30- 34 I5 K Teff [3004/20870] Effective temperature 36- 38 I3 K e_Teff [62/684] Uncertainty in Teff 40- 48 F9.3 pc Dist [17.4/12009] Distance 50- 57 F8.3 pc E_Dist [0.01/1859] Upper uncertainty limit in Dist 59- 66 F8.3 pc e_Dist [0.01/1474] Lower uncertainty limit in Dist 68- 74 F7.3 Rsun R* [0.01/162] Stellar radius 76- 81 F6.3 Rsun E_R* [0.001/34] Upper uncertainty in R* 83- 88 F6.3 Rsun e_R* [0.001/26] Lower uncertainty in R* 90- 94 F5.3 mag Av [0.002/3] V band extinction 96 I1 --- Evol [0/2]? Evolved flag (1) 98 I1 --- Bin [0/3]? Binary flag (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Flag as follows: 0 = main sequence dwarf (119779 occurrences); 1 = subgiant (36854 occurrences); 2 = red giant (21278 occurrences). Note (2): Flag as follows: 0 = no indication of binary; 1 = binary candidate based on Gaia radius only; 2 = AO-detected binary only (Ziegler+ 2018, J/AJ/155/161); 3 = binary candidate based on Gaia radius and AO-detected binary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 8 I8 --- KIC [757450/12885212] Kepler Input Catalog identifier 10- 18 A9 --- KOI Kepler Object of Interest identifier 20- 28 F9.3 Rgeo Rp [0.2/17209] Planet radius 30- 38 F9.3 Rgeo E_Rp [0.02/22138] Upper uncertainty limit in Rp 40- 47 F8.3 Rgeo e_Rp [0.02/6446] Lower uncertainty limit in Rp 49- 59 F11.3 Earth Fp [0/2165009] Planet incident flux relative to the Earth 61- 70 F10.3 Earth E_Fp [0/767282] Upper uncertainty limit in Fp 72- 81 F10.3 Earth e_Fp [0/506272] Lower uncertainty limit in Fp 83 I1 --- Bin [0/1]? AO-detected companion flag (1) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Flag as follows: 0 = no detected companion (3600 occurrences). 1 = companion (Ziegler+ 2018, J/AJ/155/161). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal ================================================================================ (End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 08-Oct-2019