0039 This seems to be a newly discovered old open cluster just 4.6kpc from the 0039 Galactic Centre. The sequence in the CMD and CCD suggest we see a number 0039 of red giants, including redclump stars. There is no detectable main 0039 sequence in the 2MASS data, hence the age of 1Gyr is an upper limit. 0039 The cluster seems highly reddened with AK=1.22mag, but at a distance of 0039 3.5kpc and a Galactic Longitude of just 10{deg} this is no surprise. 0050 The CMD and CCD sequence suggest that this is an about 5Gyr old open 0050 cluster. There are not many red giant stars to determine the properties 0050 accurately, however the isochrone fitseems to fit the top of the main 0050 sequence the giants well. If confirmed, this object as well would be an 0050 inner Galaxy old open cluster with only 5.6kpc distance to the Galactic 0050 Centre. 0076 The fit to the high probability cluster members seems very uncertain and it 0076 is not clear if this object really rep-resents an old stellar cluster. In 0076 particular the group of st ars with J-K=1.2mag and K=13.6mag seems not to 0076 belong to the cluster sequence. We hence consider this object still as a 0076 cluster candidate. 0119 This object was classified as not being a cluster by Bica et al. 0119 (2008MNRAS.384.1733B). It is, however, possible to fit a 2.5Gyr 0119 old isochrone to the CMD. In the CCD the high probability members which 0119 should represent the upper end of the main sequence seem not to fit the 0119 same isochrone. They are scattered towards much too large J-H values. But 0119 this could simply be due to the fact that these stars are at the detection 0119 limit in all three bands, and in particular in the H-band, as similar 0119 scattering is observed in some other objects. In any case we consider this 0119 object still as a cluster candidate. 0123 There seems to be a clear top of the main sequence visible in the CMD, but 0123 only a small number of scattered giant stars. Hence the fit of an 0.5Gyr 0123 old isochrone is uncertain. 0131 Similar to FSR 0123, there are only a few high probability membership red 0131 giant and clump of stars probabl y co-incident with the top of the main 0131 sequence. The scatter of the later in the CCD could be attributed to the 0131 faint fluxes. Hence the determined cluster parameters are uncertain. 0134 This is a very nice example of a newly discovered old (0.8Gyr) cluster in 0134 the FSR sample. There is a clearly visible top of the main sequence and 0134 more than a dozen red giant in the cluster. 0141 (NGC 6802, Collinder 400) In this case the isochrone with the literature 0141 parameters does not seem to fit the cluster main sequence and red giants. 0141 Our fit with a distance of 2.7kpc and 0.5Gyrs seems to represent the 0141 cluster much better. 0155 (Teutsch 7) The isochrone with the literature parameters seems not to fit 0155 the data at all. Instead the cluster is 3.8kpc away and has an age of 0155 about 0.6Gyrs. 0156 (BDS 2003 158) The cluster has been identified by Bica et al. (2003, 0156 Cat. J/A+A/404/223) but no parameters are determined. We find that this 0156 object can be well fit by an isochrone with 0.4Gyrs age and a distance of 0156 7.5kpc, rendering this one of the most distant open clusters in our sample 0167 There are only very few red giant stars that might be part of the cluster. 0167 Hence the parameters are uncertain. 0170 There are no main sequence stars visible in the 2MASS data. However, a 0170 clump of red giant stars as well as a RGB are visible. The age of 1Gyr is 0170 hence a lower limit and the distance uncertain. 0177 (Kronberger 52) There are a number of main se-quence and giant stars 0177 visible in the CMD and CCD to properly determine the cluster parameter of 0177 this object. It is best fit by a 0.8Gyr old cluster at a distance of 0177 3.6kpc. 0184 There seems to be a red clump of stars, as well as some sub-giants in the 0184 CMD. No main sequence stars are detected. Hence, the determined cluster 0184 parameters are uncertain. The strange value required for CHK hints that 0184 this object might not be a real cluster. 0191 (Berkeley 49) This is another example where the literature parameters do 0191 not fit the 2MASS data at all. Using the small number of red giants we 0191 find that 0.2Gyr old and 3.4kpc distant cluster fits the data best. 0202 (NGC 6819, Melotte 223) Despite the nice fit, a rather large value for CHK 0202 is required to fit the CCD. 0203 (Kronberger 73) There is only a small number of red giants that can be used 0203 to constrain the cluster parameters. We find that a 125Myr old and 0203 distant (10.8kpc) cluster fits the data best. 0208 (Berkeley 85) Using the six stars which are likely to be red giants we can 0208 obtain a better fit than with the literature parameters. We find an age of 0208 125Myrs and a distance of 4.4kpc. 0214 (IC 1311): There only seem to be a handful of main sequence stars and in 0214 general the isochrone with the literature parameters does not fit the 0214 2MASS data. We find a better fit with an age of 0.5Gyr and a distance 0214 of 8.7kpc. 0222 This newly identified cluster only stands out through a handful of red 0222 clump stars and about the same number of stars at the top of the main 0222 sequence. The remaining stars all have lower membership probabilities, 0222 rendering the parame ters of the cluster uncertain. 0256 (Berkeley 54) What the literature parameter imply as the top of the main 0256 sequence, actually seems to be a red clump of stars. There are no main 0256 sequence stars visible in the 2MASS data. Using 4Gyrs as the age, we find 0256 a distance of almost 7kpc. 0275 This newly identified cluster shows a dozen or so high probability members 0275 which are red giants and the top of them main sequence. We determine an 0275 age of 1Gyr and a distance of 3.6kpc. 0280 (Teutsch 156) We can identify a number of cluster red giants as well as the 0280 top of the main sequence and fit an isochrone with an age of 0.8Gyrs and 0280 a distance of 4.4kpc. 0282 There are no or very few giants in the clusters. Hence the age and 0282 distance determination is very uncertain. 0287 (Berkeley 91) The isochrone with the literature parameters fails to fit the 0287 data. We clearly can identify a clump of red giant stars, but there is no 0287 main sequence. Hence the age of 0.4Gyrs is a lower limit and consequently 0287 the distance is uncertain as well. 0294 (NGC 7031) There seem to be two possibilities to fit the CMD of this 0294 cluster. Either using the literature parame-ters (140Myrs, 900pc) or a 0294 much older distant cluster (0.5Gyrs, 7.1kpc). The latter fitting the high 0294 probability members at JK=1.5mag as red clump stars. Non of the two fits 0294 provides a satisfying result for all stars. 0304 This cluster contains a handful of red giant stars and one can identify the 0304 top of the main sequence. Those stars, however, show a large scatter in 0304 the CCD. The best fit can be obtained with an age of 0.4Gyrs and a 0304 distance of 6.8kpc. 0313 (Kronberger 81) This so far un-investigated clusters shows a very nice red 0313 giant branch with at least 30 or 40 stars. There is no main sequence 0313 detected, hence the age of 1.6Gyrs is an upper limit and the distance of 0313 6kpc is uncertain. Given the largenumber of giant stars, this object might 0313 well be a massive old and distant (10kpc to the Galactic Centre) cluster. 0327 (NGC 7128) This is a very young cluster in our sample of old clusters. This 0327 is caused by the fact that there are three high probability members which 0327 could be red giants. However, no fit with an isochrone can be obtained 0327 that includes these three stars. 0329 (Berkeley 92) There is no main sequence, but a number of red giant stars 0329 detected for this cluster. It is best fit by a 1Gyr old isochrone at a 0329 distance of 5.5kpc, where the age is a lower limit. 0333 The main sequence stars in this cluster only have a low membership 0333 probability. But there are a sufficient number ofhigh probability member 0333 red giants to determine an age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 5kpc. 0338 The high probability members of this newly identified cluster seem to 0338 indicate an object with an age of 0.4Gyrs at a distance of 6kpc. The 0338 scatter in the data points suggests larger than normal uncertainties for 0338 the parameters. 0342 This is a well populated newly identified old cluster. A large part of the 0342 main sequence as well as at least 10 red giant stars can be identified. 0342 The cluster has an age of 1.2Gyrs and is at a distance of 2.6kpc. 0385 There is only a small number (three) of high probability members in this 0385 cluster. Hence the parameters (age of 0.8Gyrs, distance of 1.7kpc) 0385 are uncertain. 0386 The very small number of high probability members make the determination of 0386 the cluster parameter very un certain. We hence consider this object only 0386 a cluster candidate. 0394 There is only a small number of probable main sequence stars at the 0394 detection limit. The number of red giants allows us, however, to determine 0394 an age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 4.1kpc. 0412 (Pfleiderer 3) This so far uninvestigated cluster shows a large number of 0412 red giants and the top of the main sequence is visible as well. The 0412 cluster has an age of 1.2Gyrs and is at a distance of 6.1kpc. 0460 There are a number of red giant stars as well as the top of the main 0460 sequence just above the detection limit. Hence, the uncertainties for the 0460 parameters (1.2Gyrs, 6.1kpc) are lar ger than normal. 0478 (Juchert-Saloranta 1) This so far no investigated cluster shows about ten 0478 red giants and main sequence stars. It can be fit with an isochrone age 0478 of 0.8Gyrs and a distance of 5.1kpc. 0480 This is a newly identified cluster with a large number of red giants and 0480 just a hint of main sequence stars at the detection limit. It represents 0480 a 1.2Gyr old cluster at a distance of 5.8kpc. 0514 (Berkeley 61) This is another case where the literature parameters do not 0514 fit the 2MASS data. We find that the CMD can be best fit with an 125Myr 0514 old isochrone at a distance of 8kpc. 0548 (NGC 609) In this case the literature parameters do not fit the 2MASS data. 0548 We obtain a better fit using an age of 250Myrs and a distance of 4.2kpc. 0563 (IC 166, Tombaugh 1) Here as well, we cannot bring the literature 0563 parameters in agreement with the 2MASS data. Instead a good fit can be 0563 obtained using an age of 1.4Gyrs and a distance of 5kpc. 0584 It has been suggested by Bica et al. (2007A&A...472..483B) that this object 0584 is a nearby, highly reddened globular cluster without, or with only a very 0584 small number of giant stars. The parameters for this object listed in 0584 Table A1 are not a best fit, but rather the parameters for the solid 0584 isochrone in Fig. C98. Given the fact that the four potentially reddened 0584 giant stars are the least likely of thecluster members, the object could 0584 well be an embedded younger cluster. Further investigation is certainly 0584 needed to determine its nature reliably. 0648 (NGC 1245, Melotte 18) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value 0648 for CHK. 0652 (IC 361) The literature parameters do not fit the 2MASS data. We obtain an 0652 age of 1Gyr and a distance of 3.9kpc. 0667 This object contains only a small number of high probability members, which 0667 are, however, nicely represent an 0.8Gyr old cluster at a distance 0667 of 750 pc. 0731 (Berkeley 18, King 22) Our decontamination suggests in this case that the 0731 age of the cluster is smaller than the literature value, since there seems 0731 to be a number of sub-dwarfs visible in the CMD. Our fit uses an age 0731 of 1.4Gyrs and a distance of 4.7kpc. 0790 This newly identified cluster lacks a clear detection of main sequence 0790 stars, which are all near the detection limit. This introduces a larger 0790 uncertainty into the determined parameters (2Gyrs, 6kpc). 0828 The literature values do not seem to fit the 2MASS data. We find an age 0828 of 1.6Gyrs and a distance of 5.7kpc. 0877 (Basel 11b) The literature parameters seem to fit the main sequence of the 0877 clusters. If we consider the three bright stars as cluster members than we 0877 can obtain a fit using an age of0.6Gyrs and a distance of 1.1kpc. 0879 (NGC 2266, Melotte 50) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value 0879 for CHK. 0884 This object was classified as uncertain cluster by Bonatto & Bica 0884 (2008A&A...485...81B, 2008A&A...491..767B). Given that we cannot fit the 0884 CMD and CCD simultaneously with the same isochrone (the fit to the CMD 0884 requires no extinction, while the fit to the CCD need an extinction), we 0884 conclude that this object indeed might not be a real cluster. 0926 (Teutsch 58) This so far uninvestigated cluster shows a number of red giant 0926 stars as well as the top of the main sequence. We find it to be a 1.2Gyr 0926 old cluster at a distance of 6kpc. 0963 The cluster shows only a small number of red giants, as a clear main 0963 sequence. It can be fit by an isochrone with anage of 0.5Gyrs and a 0963 distance of 2.5kpc. 0972 (NGC 2429, Melotte 69, Collinder 154, Raab 56) Despite its large number of 0972 member stars no literature value s for this cluster could be found. From 0972 our isochrone fit we obtain an age of 2Gyrs and a distance of 2.3kpc. The 0972 CCD cannot be fit properly by the same, extinction free isochrone as the 0972 CMD. 0995 (NGC 2355, Melotte 63) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value 0995 for CHK. 1113 There are only a handful of high probability members, which are difficult 1113 to fit consistently with an isochrone in bot, the CMD and the CCD. Hence, 1113 we consider this object just as a cluster candidate. 1119 (Czernik 28) Here the literature data does not seem to fit the 2MASS data 1119 as good as it could. We find that a proper fit can only be obtained using 1119 a sub-solar metallicity. Thenwe find an age of 1.4Gyrs and a distance 1119 of 5.5kpc. This puts the cluster at a distance of almost 13kpc from the 1119 Galactic Centre. 1121 (King 23) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value for CHK. 1138 (Berkeley 77) Both sets of parameters (ours and the literature) are unable 1138 to fit the CCD simultaneously with the CMD. 1201 (NGC 2204, Melotte 44) The isochrone fit requires different parameters than 1201 the literature values. Furthermore, it only works with sub-solar 1201 metallicities. We find an age of 2Gyrs and a distance of 4kpc, placing the 1201 cluster 11kpc from the Galactic Centre. 1214 (Berkeley 36): No main sequence visible, hence the age is an upper limit. 1222 (Melotte 71, Collinder 155) We find different cluster parameters than 1222 listed in literature. The best fit is obtained with an age of 1.2Gyrs and 1222 a distance of 2.3kpc. 1225 (NGC 2360, Melotte 64): To fit this cluster we require a rather large value 1225 for CHK. Furthermore, the parameters differ from the literature values. 1225 We find an age of 1.2Gyrs and adistance of 900 pc. 1238 (NGC 2425) The isochrone fit works better witha sub-solar metallicity. The 1238 cluster is 11.5kpc from the Galactic Centre, has an age of 1.4Gyrs and a 1238 distance of 4.7kpc. 1241 (M 46, NGC 2437) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value 1241 for CHK. 1244 (Ruprecht 26) The cluster parameters are highly uncertain as no reliable 1244 fit to all high probability members can be made. 1250 (Haffner 2, Tombaugh 2) There is no main sequence detected, hence the age 1250 of 1Gyr is a lower limit, and the distance of 8kpc is uncertain. 1256 (NGC 2539, Melotte 83) The isochrone fit works better with a sub-solar 1256 metallicity. The cluster is 1Gyr old and hasa distance of 1kpc. 1266 (Teutsch 61) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value for CHK. 1267 (NGC 2432) The isochrone using the literature parameters does not fit 1267 the 2MASS data. We find that the cluster has an age of 0.5Gyrs and a 1267 distance of 2.1kpc. 1274 (NGC 2421) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value for CHK. The 1274 literature parameters do not fit the possible red giants in the cluster. 1274 This can be done using an age of 0.6Gyrs and a distance of 1.8kpc. 1282 (NGC 2509, Melotte 81) To fit this cluster we require a rather large value 1282 for C HK. We also obtain a much better fit than the literature parameters. 1282 We find an age of 1.2Gyrs an d adistance of 2.5kpc. 1296 (NGC 2243, Melotte 46) There is no main sequence detected, hence the age 1296 of 4Gyrs is an upper limit and the distance of 4.5kpc uncertain. 1298 There is only a small number of high probability members (giants and main 1298 sequence stars). Hence, the age of 1.4Gyrs and the distance of 3.2kpc 1298 are uncertain. 1299 (Ruprecht 18) We find that there are a few probable cluster red giants 1299 which are not fit by the literature para meters. We can include them into 1299 the fit by using an age of 110Myrs and a distance of 2.3 Kpc. 1301 (M 93, NGC 2447, Collinder 160) We obtain abetter fit when using a 1301 sub-solar metallicity. 1313 (Trumpler 9) There is one possible giant star, but if cannot be fit by 1313 any isochrone. 1330 (NGC 2489, vdB-Hagen 15) There are six possible cluster red giants which 1330 are not fit at all when using the literature parameters. We find an age 1330 of 0.6Gyrs and a distance of 1.3kpc. 1337 (Haffner 17, vdB-Hagen 12) The two probable cluster red giants are not fit 1337 by the literature parameters. They are included if one uses an age 1337 of 120Myrs and a distance of 3kpc. 1354 (NGC 2567, vdB-Hagen 26) To fit this cluster we require a rather large 1354 value for C HK. 1361 There are a handful of cluster red giants and a largenumber of main 1361 sequence stars. The best fit can be obtained using an age of 1Gyr and a 1361 distance of 1.5kpc. 1362 (NGC 2627, Collinder 188, Melotte 87, vdBHagen 38) To fit this cluster we 1362 require a rather large value for CHK. Using an age of 1.4Gyrs and a 1362 distance of 1.8kpc fits the data much better than the literature 1362 parameters. 1385 (Pismis 3, vdB-Hagen 33) The literature parameters do not lead to a 1385 satisfactory fit of the 2MASS data. Instead we use an age of 3Gyrs and a 1385 distance of 2.1kpc. 1386 (Saurer 2) There is no detectable main sequence, hence the age of 1.4Gyrs 1386 is an upper limit and the distance of 5kpc is uncertain. 1388 (Ruprecht 66, vdB-Hagen 41) This so far uninvestigated cluster shows a 1388 number of red clump stars as well as many main sequence stars. We find an 1388 age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 3.9kpc. 1396 (Collinder 147, Melotte 66) There is no main sequence detected, hence the 1396 age of 3Gyrs is an upper limit and the distance of 5kpc uncertain. 1399 This cluster contains a handful of giant stars as well as a clear detection 1399 of the top of the main sequence. We find an age of 250Myrs and a 1399 distance of 6.8kpc. 1404 (vdB-Hagen 55) This so far uninvestigated cluster has a number of red 1404 giants and the top of the main sequence is detected as well. This enables 1404 us to fit an isochrone with an age of1Gyr and a distance of 3.7kpc. 1408 (NGC 2818A, Melotte 96, vdB-Hagen 59) The isochrone using the the 1408 literature parameter does not seem to fit the data. Instead we find an 1408 age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 3.2kpc. 1409 (NGC 2671, vdB-Hagen 51) If we include the potential red giant into the 1409 isochrone fit we find an age of 250Myrs and a distance of 1.5kpc, slightly 1409 different to the literature values. 1415 There is no main sequence, hence the determined age of 2.5Gyrs has to be 1415 considered an upper limit, while the distance of 10kpc is uncertain. 1415 If correct, this places the cluster 13.5kpc from the Galactic Centre. 1420 (Ruprecht 60, vdB-Hagen 31) This so far uninvestigated cluster shows a few 1420 likely giant members as well as the top of the main sequence. We find an 1420 age of 1Gyr and a distance of 3.9kpc. 1439 (NGC 2849, vdB-Hagen 61) To fit this cluster we require a rather large 1439 value for C HK. 1458 (Pismis 12, vdB-Hagen 62) This cluster has no literature parameters but 1458 shows a handful of red giants as well as the main sequence. We determine 1458 an age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 2.1kpc. 1463 This newly identified cluster shows a number of red giants as well as the 1463 top of the main sequence. We find an age of 1Gyr and a distance of 4.5kpc. 1480 (Pismis 15) The isochrone using the literature parameters does not seem to 1480 fit the data properly. We find that an age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance 1480 of 2.3kpc leads to a better fit. 1483 (vdB-Hagen 73) This cluster has no literature data but shows a number of 1483 red clump stars as well as the top of the main sequence. 1483 We find an age of 1Gyr and a distance of 5kpc. 1486 (vdB-Hagen 67) There seems to be only a few top of the main sequence stars 1486 with reasonably high membership probabilities. Hence the determined age 1486 of 0.4Gyrs and the distance of 7.6kpc are uncertain. 1494 (vdB-Hagen 72) This cluster without literature data can be fit using an age 1494 of 1Gyr and a distance of 3.2kpc. 1520 (Ruprecht 85, vdB-Hagen 83) The isochronewith the literature data clearly 1520 fails to fit the data. The potential cluster red giants have only a low 1520 membership probability, hence the age of 0.4Gyrs and the distance 1520 of 4kpc are uncertain. 1521 There are no main sequence stars detected, hence the age of 3Gyrs is an 1521 upper limit and the distance of 4kpc is uncertain. 1523 (Schuster CL) This cluster without literature parameters shows a number of 1523 high probability members (giants and main sequence stars). We find that 1523 an age of 125Myrs and a distance of 7.5kpc fits the 2MASS data. 1528 (Teutsch 44) This so far uninvestigated cluster can be fit using an age 1528 of 1.4Gyrs and a distance of 6.7kpc. 1529 (NGC 2808) To fit this cluster we require a ratherlarge value for C HK. 1534 (Bochum 8, vdB-Hagen 90) To fit this cluster we require a rather large 1534 value for C HK. If we include the two potential giants into the fit we 1534 obtain an age of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 1kpc, very different from the 1534 literature values. 1546 (NGC 3255, vdB-Hagen 96) There seem to be a number of cluster red giants 1546 which are not at all fit by an isochrone using the literature parameters. 1546 We find an age of 1Gyr and a distance of 3.7kpc instead. 1550 (Teutsch 105) This cluster without literature parameters can be fit using 1550 an age of 1Gyr and a distance of 6.3kpc. 1559 (Teutsch 106) So far uninvestigated, this cluster shows a clear red clump 1559 as well as the top of the main sequence.We find an age of 0.6Gyrs and 1559 a distance of 6.9kpc. 1565 (Trumpler 19) We find a clear main sequence and a dozen giant stars in this 1565 so far uninvestigated cluster. We fit an isochrone with an age of 1.2Gyrs 1565 and a distance of 3.1kpc. 1586 There are only a few possible cluster red giants, hence the parameters are 1586 uncertain. We find an age of 0.8Gyrs and a distance of 2.4kpc. 1611 (NGC 4337, vdB-Hagen 129) The isochrone with the literature parameters 1611 fails to fit the 2MASS data. We find that the clusters has an age 1611 of 1.2Gyrs and a distance of 2.5kpc. 1624 (Trumpler 20, vdB-Hagen 137) Our fit using an age of 1.4Gyrs and a distance 1624 of 3.7kpc fits the data much better than using the literature parameters. 1632 (vdB-Hagen 140) This cluster without literature parameters shows a number 1632 of red giants, but the top of the main sequence seems to be just below the 1632 detection limit. Thus, the age of 2.5Gyrs is a lower limit and the 1632 distance of 5kpc is uncertain. 1637 (NGC 4815, vdB-Hagen 142) There are two potential cluster red giants which 1637 could either be fit using the literature parameters or the values obtained 1637 by us: an age of 1Gyr and a distance of 2kpc. 1657 There seems to be a clump of red giant stars and a few brighter giants, but 1657 no indication of a main sequence, which could tentatively be fit using an 1657 age of 1Gyr and a distance of 7kpc. However, the slope of the RGB cannot 1657 be reproduced by any sensible value for the metallicity. We hence 1657 consider this object only as a cluster candidate. 1670 (Loden 1101) This so far uninvestigated cluster shows a number of giant 1670 stars as well as a main sequence. We fit an isochrone using an age 1670 of 250Myrs and a distance of 2.5kpc. 1716 This potential globular cluster shows no main sequence, hence the age 1716 of 2Gyrs is an upper limit and the distance of 7kpc uncertain. 1724 (NGC 6208, Collinder 313, vdB-Hagen 198) The potential cluster red giants 1724 detected in the 2MASS data can only befit if we use an age of 0.6Gyrs and 1724 a distance of 3.2kpc. 1726 (Lynga 9, vdB-Hagen 189) WEBDA states that this object actually my not be 1726 a real cluster. However, one can obtain a very well fitting isochrone 1726 using an age of 0.6Gyrs and a distance of 2.5kpc. 1750 This newly identified cluster shows a clear main sequence but only a 1750 handful of probable giants, rendering the de-termined parameters 1750 uncertain. We find that the age is 0.8Gyrs and the distance 2.4kpc. 1781 (vdB-Hagen 229, Dufay 1, HP 1) The reddening for this cluster seems to be 1781 much smaller than what is given in the literature.