J/ApJS/259/20 GOLDRUSH. IV. z~3-7 galaxies (Harikane+, 2022) ================================================================================ GOLDRUSH. IV. Luminosity functions and clustering revealed with ~4,000,000 galaxies at z~2-7: galaxy-AGN transition, star formation efficiency, and implication for evolution at z>10. Harikane Y., Ono Y., Ouchi M., Liu C., Sawicki M., Shibuya T., Behroozi P.S., He W., Shimasaku K., Arnouts S., Coupon J., Fujimoto S., Gwyn S., Huang J., Inoue A.K., Kashikawa N., Komiyama Y., Matsuoka Y., Willott C.J. =2022ApJS..259...20H ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, spectra; Redshifts; Magnitudes, absolute; Ultraviolet; Optical Keywords: Galaxy evolution ; Galaxy formation ; High-redshift galaxies Abstract: We present new measurements of rest-UV luminosity functions and angular correlation functions from 4,100,221 galaxies at z~2-7 identified in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey and CFHT Large Area U-band Survey. The obtained luminosity functions at z~4-7 cover a very wide UV luminosity range of ~0.002-2000L_UV_^*^ combined with previous studies, confirming that the dropout luminosity function is a superposition of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity function dominant at M_UV_<~-24 mag and the galaxy luminosity function dominant at M_UV_>~-22 mag, consistent with galaxy fractions based on 1037 spectroscopically identified sources. Galaxy luminosity functions estimated from the spectroscopic galaxy fractions show the bright-end excess beyond the Schechter function at >~2{sigma} levels, possibly made by inefficient mass quenching, low dust obscuration, and/or hidden AGN activity. By analyzing the correlation functions at z~2-6 with HOD models, we find a weak redshift evolution (within 0.3dex) of the ratio of the star formation rate (SFR) to the dark matter accretion rate, SFR/(dM/dt)_h_, indicating the almost constant star formation efficiency at z~2-6, as suggested by our earlier work at z~4-7. Meanwhile, the ratio gradually increases with decreasing redshift at z<5 within 0.3dex, which quantitatively reproduces the cosmic SFR density evolution, suggesting that the redshift evolution is primarily driven by the increase of the halo number density due to the structure formation, and the decrease of the accretion rate due to the cosmic expansion. Extrapolating this calculation to higher redshifts assuming the constant efficiency suggests a rapid decrease of the SFR density at z>10 with {propto}10^-0.5(1+z)^, which will be directly tested with the James Webb Space Telescope. Description: We use the internal Subaru/HSC S18A data release product taken in the Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP survey (Aihara+ 2018PASJ...70S...4A) from 2014 March to 2018 January to obtain deep optical imaging data with the five broadband filters, g, r, i, z, and y. We carried out spectroscopic follow-up observations for sources in our dropout catalogs at z~4-7 with DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) on the Keck Telescope on 2018 August 11 (S18B-014, PI: Y. Ono), AAOmega+2dF on the Anglo-Australian Telescope from 2018 December 31 to 2019 January 3 (A/2018B/03, PI: Y. Ono), and the Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph (FOCAS) on the Subaru Telescope on 2019 May 13 (S19A-006, PI: Y. Ono). In addition, we include results of our observations with the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) on the Magellan I Baade Telescope in 2007-2011 (PI: M. Ouchi). The IMACS observations were carried out on 2007 November 11-14, 2008 November 29-30, December 1-2, December 18-20, 2009 October 11-13, 2010 February 8-9, July 9-10, and 2011 January 3-4. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table10.dat 89 1037 Spectroscopically identified galaxies and AGNs in our dropout samples -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: III/88 : Stellar Spectrophotometric Atlas (Gunn+ 1983) II/284 : COSMOS Multi-Wavelength Photometry Catalog (Capak+, 2007) VII/286 : SDSS quasar catalog, fourteenth data release (Paris+, 2018) J/ApJ/519/1 : Lyman-break galaxies at z {>~} 4 (Steidel+, 1999) J/ApJ/592/728 : Lyman break galaxies at redshift z~3 (Steidel+, 2003) J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK phot. & spectroscopy for L & T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004) J/ApJS/172/523 : COSMOS field Ly{alpha} emitters at z~5.7 (Murayama+, 2007) J/ApJS/176/1 : Subaru/XMM-Newton deep survey (SXDS). II. (Furusawa+, 2008) J/ApJS/176/301 : Subaru/XMM-Newton deep survey IV. (SXDS) (Ouchi+, 2008) J/ApJ/696/546 : Ly{alpha} emitters at z~4.86 (Shioya+, 2009) J/ApJ/760/128 : Lya emission from 45.6 quasars follow-up (Banados+, 2016) J/ApJ/821/123 : Lyman break galaxies in Hubble deep fields (Harikane+, 2016) J/ApJS/224/24 : The COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle+, 2016) J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master cat. (Momcheva+, 2016) J/ApJ/826/114 : z~3-6 protoclusters in CFHTLS deep fields (Toshikawa+, 2016) J/ApJ/819/24 : z>4.5 QSOs with SDSS and WISE. I. Opt. spectra (Wang+, 2016) J/MNRAS/472/273 : OzDES DR1 (Childress+, 2017) J/ApJ/841/111 : C3R2 survey: high-confidence z from DR1 (Masters+, 2017) J/A+A/600/A110 : VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS) DR1 (Tasca+, 2017) J/ApJ/858/77 : DEIMOS 10K sp. survey in COSMOS field (Hasinger+, 2018) J/ApJ/854/73 : Full-data results of HFF: galaxies z~6-9 (Ishigaki+, 2018) J/PASJ/70/S10 : GOLDRUSH I. UV magnitudes (Ono+, 2018) J/A+A/620/A51 : WIRCam Ultra Deep Survey photometric catalogs (Pello+, 2018) J/A+A/643/A4 : ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. IR luminosity (Fudamoto+, 2020) J/AJ/162/47 : UV luminosity in ~25000 2