% % SIMBAD USER'S GUIDE AND REFERENCE MANUAL % % Version 1.2 --- April 1992 % % LaTeX source (to be processed TWICE for cross-references) % % Uses the file guide.sty (to be put in the same directory) % \documentstyle[11pt,twoside]{guide} %\makeindex \begin{document} \begin{titlepage} \begin{center} \null \vspace*{-1cm} {\small Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers \hfill Universit\'e Louis Pasteur} \vspace{0.5cm} {\bf Centre de Donn\'ees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS)} \vspace{0.5cm} {\small Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg} {\small 11 rue de l'Universit\'e, F-67000 Strasbourg, France} \vfill \thicklines {\Huge\bf\hPB \begin{tabular}{|@{\hspace{1cm}}c@{\hspace{1cm}}|} \hline \\ SIMBAD\\ \\ \\ User's Guide \\ \\ \& \\ \\ Reference Manual \\ \\ \hline \end{tabular} } \vfill {\small\bf SIMBAD III \hspace{1cm} -- Release 1.2 -- \hspace{1cm} April 1992} \end{center} \vfill \end{titlepage} \cleardoublepage \tableofcontents \cleardoublepage %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %============================================== \chapter{Short SIMBAD Help} %============================================== The present chapter is a short summary of the main SIMBAD commands. \section{To search by astronomical object (chapter 5)} At the `{\tt simbad search ->}' prompt, type the astronomical object {\em identifier\/}, for example: {\tt simbad search ->} {\ttc HD 124897} You will first receive the basic data and identifiers for the object. You can then type one of the following keywords: \begin{tabular}{lll} {\tt [identifier] display ->} & {\tt [CR]} & all data \\ & {\fpp basic } & basic data \\ & {\fpp id } & identifiers \\ & {\fpp data } & all measurements \\ & {\fvv cat} & measurements from catalogue {\fvv cat} \\ & {\fpp bib } & bibliographical references \\ \\ & {\fpp bye } & leaves the current object \end{tabular} The following parameters can be set: \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp bibyears \fvv low/high } & limits bibliography by years (4 digits) \\ {\fpp equi1 \fvv yyyy } & sets first equinox (e.g. {\ttc 1950}) \\ {\fpp equi2 \fvv yyyy } & sets second equinox of displayed coordinates \end{tabular} Example: \qquad {\ttc bibyears 1988/1992} Important: Note that keywords (like {\tt bibyears} or {\tt equi1}) should be typed in {\em lower-case\/} letters. \section{To search by coordinates (chapter 6)} Enter the R.A. and Dec. you wish to search (not forgetting the $+$ or $-$ of the declination) in the following way: {\ttc HH MM +DD MM} ... Example: \\ {\tt simbad search ->} {\ttc 01 23 +45 56} The following parameters can be set: \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp cooradius \fvv dd mm } & changes the radius; default: 0\deg 10' \\ {\fpp cooequinox \fvv year.d } & set equinox of input coordinates; default: 1950.0 \\ \end{tabular} The result is a list of objects which can be displayed as follows: \begin{tabular}{lll} {\tt simbad-list1 display ->} & {\fpp all } & all objects \\ & {\fvv +n } & n objects from the current one \\ & {\fvv n } & object \# n \\ & {\fpp bye } & leaves the current object \end{tabular} \section{To search by filter (chapter 7)} %---------------------------------------------------------------------- First, choose a name for the filter, and assign it by typing: \\ {\tt simbad search ->} \quad {\fpp session use filter} \quad {\fvv filtername} \\ You will receive the following prompt:\\ {\tt filter set ->} \\ \mbox{}\qquad {\em here, type \CarriageReturn, then {\fpp i} for input mode, then enter the text of the filter:} \begin{tabular}{ll} Example of filter :& {\ttc FIELD 10 00 -12 00 DIM 2/2} \\ & {\ttc MB 6.5/9.0}\\ & {\ttc CAT SAO}\\ \end{tabular} \mbox{}\qquad {\em type [esc] then {\fpp :wq} for leaving the editor} \\ {\tt filter set ->} {\fpp bye} \\ \mbox{}\qquad {\em for processing the filter, type the filter name preceded by a quote:} \\ \prompto{simbad search ->}\replyo{'\fvv filtername} \section{To search from lists (chapter 8)} First, select the data to be collected by typing: \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp basicdata} & coord, mag, sp. type and p.m. (default value)\\ {\fpp bibliography} & only references codes \\ {\fpp maxdata} & all available data \end{tabular} Then, use lists of identifiers or coordinates contained in (separate) specific files: \begin{tabular}{lll} {\tt simbad search ->} & {\fpp idlist \fvv filename} & for identifier list \\ & {\fpp coolist \fvv filename} & for coordinates list \end{tabular} Bibliographical references may be displayed once at the end of a session, using the command: {\fpp reftext} \section{Output control and Log file (chapter 10)} \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp log} & keeps a log of the session in a file `simbad.log' \\ {\fpp sendlog} {\fvv user@node.domain} & sends the log file through e-mail (Internet) \\ {\fpp sendlog} {\fvv user@node.bitnet} & \qquad (EARN/Bitnet) \\ {\fpp sendlog} {\fvv node::user} & \qquad (or SPAN) \\ \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp cont} & \qquad for continuous display mode \\ {\fpp page} & \qquad to restore page by page mode\\ \\ {\fpp undisplayed} & \qquad to stop screen display \\ {\fpp displayed} & \qquad to restore screen display \\ \end{tabular} \section{To create a format (chapter 18)} {\tt simbad search ->} {\fpp /session use format \fvv formatname} \\ {\tt ff set ->} \\ \mbox{}\quad {\em here, type \CarriageReturn, then {\fpp i} for input mode, then enter the text of the format, e.g.:} \\ {\ttc ID(20) HD|NGC|1 \\ COO (27) \\ FIN } \\ \mbox{}\quad {\em type [esc] then \quad {\bf :wq} \quad for leaving the editor} \\ {\tt ff set ->} {\fpp bye} \\ {\tt simbad search ->} {\fpp /env set FM-IMMEDIATE=\fvv formatname} \section{Help (chapter 11)} At any prompt, you can obtain a context-sensitive help by typing: {\fpp ?} Details about catalogue names can be obtained from the {\fpp info} command: \begin{tabular}{lp{11cm}} {\fpp info -help } & lists the main functions of the command \\ {\fpp info cati AB} & lists catalogues with acronyms starting with {\ttc AB} \\ {\fpp info cato X} & lists catalogues dealing with X-ray sources (object type) \\ {\fpp info cata} {\fvv Author} & lists catalogues with first author named {\fvv Author} \\ {\fpp info cat} {\fvv keyword} & lists catalogues according to presence of specified word in title or remarks \end{tabular} \section{Leaving SIMBAD} At any prompt, type: {\fpp session exit} \hspace{1cm} {\em or} \qquad {\fpp stop} \vspace*{3cm} \begin{center} \framebox[13cm][c]{ \begin{minipage}{12cm} \begin{center} \vspace*{1cm} If the Simbad database was helpful for your research work, the following acknowledgment would be appreciated: {\em This research has made use of the Simbad database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France} \\ We would also appreciate receiving a preprint or reprint of the relevant papers, at the following address: CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg \\ 11, rue de l'Universit\'e \\ 67000 STRASBOURG, France \vspace*{1cm} Inquiries, requests, and comments can be addressed by electronic mail to: {\em Internet: } question@simbad.u-strasbg.fr \\ {\em SPAN: } SIMBAD::QUESTION \vspace*{1cm} \end{center} \end{minipage} } \end{center} \vfill %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \chapter{Introduction} The present User's guide describes the new {\em SIMBAD III\/} software which was first released on July, 1st 1990. The authors of the SIMBAD software are Marc Wenger, Fran\c cois Bonnarel, and Soizick Lesteven (CDS, Strasbourg). The updating of SIMBAD is a continuous daily process performed through a collaboration with the following contributing institutes: \begin{description} \item [bibliography:] Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris\index{IAP}, Observatoire de Paris\index{Observatoire de Paris} and Observatoire de Bordeaux\index{Observatoire de Bordeaux} \item [photometry:] Observatoire de Gen\`eve\index{Observatoire de Gen\`eve} and Institut d'Astronomie de Lausanne\index{Lausanne}; \item [astrometry:] Astronomisches Rechen Institut, Heidelberg;\index{Astronomisches Rechen Institut} \item [galaxies:] Observatoire de Lyon\index{Observatoire de Lyon} and NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database\index{NED}. \end{description} This User's Guide has been prepared by Daniel Egret (CDS, Strasbourg) from contributions by Marc Wenger (CDS, Strasbourg), Joyce M. Watson (SAO, Cambridge), Fran\c cois Ochsenbein (CDS), and Fran\c cois Bonnarel (CDS). \section*{SIMBAD} \begin{tabbing} SIMBAD is the acronym for: \= \qquad\quad \= {\bf S}et \\ \> of \> {\bf I}dentifications, \\ \> \> {\bf M}easurements\\ \> and \> {\bf B}ibliography\\ \> for \> {\bf A}stronomical\\ \> \> {\bf D}ata. \end{tabbing} \section*{Centre de Donn\'ees Astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS)} The CDS\index{CDS} is located at the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg (France). CDS is operated under an agreement between French Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)\index{INSU} and Universit\'e Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg (ULP)\index{ULP}. CDS personnel created and implemented the SIMBAD data bank and maintain its data and software system. SIMBAD was created by merging the Catalog of Stellar Identifications (CSI)\index{CSI} and the Bibliographic Star Index (see References) as they existed at the Meudon Computer Centre until 1979. The resulting data base was then expanded by the addition of source data from the many catalogs connected to the CSI and by new literature references. The database was extended to galaxies and other non-stellar objects in 1983. The first on-line interactive version of SIMBAD was released in 1981, at the Centre de Calcul de Strasbourg-Cronenbourg (CCSC) and operated there until December 1984, when it was moved to the Paris-Sud informatique (PSI) Univac 1190 computer at Orsay, France and operated there until June 30, 1990\index{SIMBAD II}. In this document, SIMBAD II refers to the software which has been running until June 1990 on a Univac computer. SIMBAD III is the present version of the software. {\em Simbad\/} database is now hosted on a DECsystem 5400\index{host computer} running Ultrix\index{Unix} (the DEC's version of Unix), at the Strasbourg Observatory. Connections\index{connection}\index{network} are available through public data transmission \index{public network} networks (namely: TRANSPAC in France, DATEX-P in Germany, TELENET in the U.S., etc.) and through INTERNET (TCP/IP)\index{INTERNET} and SPAN (DECNET)\index{SPAN}\index{DECNET} networks. The database management system of SIMBAD has been developed by the CDS, using the concepts of object-oriented programming. The term {\em Simbad\/} in this User's Guide will refer both to the data base itself and to the software system used. \section*{SIMBAD III} {\em Simbad\/} features can be summarized by: \begin{itemize} \item A language based on the concept of agents (using the concepts of object-orientation). \item Database queries can be made through: \begin{enumerate} \item identifiers (names of astronomical objects), \item sets of coordinates (retrieving all objects in a given direction) and \item sampling criteria (or {\em filters\/}). \end{enumerate} \item Output of data is driven by formats\index{format}. The user may write his own formats or modify existing ones. Output files can be mailed to the user. \item The user interface\index{user interface} is adaptable to user preferences: line by line on simple terminals, or with full screen management on more sophisticated terminals. In the present version of the user's guide, we will mainly describe the command mode (line by line). The full screen mode will be developed and described in next versions of this document. \item An online hierarchical help system, with context sensitivity. \end{itemize} \section*{Contents of the data base} The SIMBAD data base presently contains information for: \begin{itemize} \item about 650,000 stars; \item about 100,000 nonstellar objects (galaxies, planetary nebulae, clusters, novae and supernovae, etc.). \end{itemize} The only astronomical objects specifically excluded from SIMBAD are Solar System bodies. For each object, the following data are included (see chapter~\ref{contents}): \begin{itemize} \item basic data\index{basic data}: \begalist{galaxies:} \item[stars]: coordinates, spectral type, blue and visual magnitudes, and proper motion; \item[galaxies]: coordinates, blue and visual integrated magnitudes, morphological type, and dimension; \end{list} \item cross identifications\index{cross identification} of stars and galaxies from more than 400 source catalogues, either completely or partially included in the data base. A list of the catalogues\index{catalogue} used is available as a separate document ({\em Catalogue Acronyms and Abbreviations in SIMBAD\/}). \item observational data (also called {\em measurements\/})\index{measurement}, for more than twenty different data types. A list of these types is given in the Appendix. \item general bibliography\index{bibliography} for the object, including references to all published papers from the journals regularly scanned (currently about 85 titles). Articles are scanned in their entirety, and references to all objects mentioned are included in the bibliography. The updating\index{updating} of SIMBAD is a continuous daily process performed through a collaboration with the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris and the Paris and Bordeaux observatories. It is therefore highly probable that the references are completely up to date. \end{itemize} \section*{This SIMBAD manual} Part I tells you how to access to SIMBAD and presents a first session, as example. Part II (chapters~\ref{ident} to \ref{leave}) is a short User's Guide containing all you need to know for a simple use of SIMBAD. Part III (chapters~\ref{concept} to \ref{vi}) presents more advanced features and lists all the commands related to SIMBAD agents (including filter, format, and environment variables). Part IV (chapters~\ref{agent} to \ref{special}) is a short Reference Manual. Finally, the last part gives some additional useful tables. In the text, commands you have to type as such are printed in {\fpp bold face}, while parameters or names you have to replace by your own choice are typed in {\fvv bold italic}. Prompts or data coming from Simbad are usually given in {\tt tty} font. Comments and suggestions are welcome concerning the software or this User's Guide (for instance by sending messages to the following e-mail address: {\ttc question@simbad.u-strasbg.fr} or {\ttc SIMBAD::question}). \section*{References} \begin{enumerate} \item Ochsenbein, F., Bischoff, M., and Egret, D., {\em Microfiche edition of CSI (Catalog of Stellar Identifications)}, 1981, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. {\bf 43}, 259-261. \item Ochsenbein, F., {\em The Bibliographical Star Index}, in {\em Automated Data Retrieval in Astronomy}, ed. C. Jaschek and W. D. Heintz, I.A.U. Colloquium {\bf 64}, 1981, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982, p. 171-173. \item Heck, A., and Egret, D., {\em SIMBAD, the CDS Database}, 1987, {\em The Messenger/ El Mensajero}, (ESO), 1987, {\bf 48}, p.22-24. \item Egret, D., Wenger, M. \& Dubois, P., {\em The SIMBAD astronomical database\/}, 1991, in {\sl Databases and 0n--line Data in Astronomy\/}, M.A. Albrecht \& D. Egret (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 79-88. \item Various articles that have appeared in {\em CDS Information Bulletin} in recent years. \end{enumerate} %****************** %****************** \part{FIRST STEPS} %****************** %****************** \chapter{Access to SIMBAD} For accessing {\em Simbad\/} you should use\index{!access to SIMBAD} \index{!database/network access} a terminal or a micro--computer connected either to a national public data transmission (X.25) network\index{public network} or to SPAN\index{SPAN} or Internet\index{Internet}.\index{network/X.25}\index{network/SPAN}\index{network/Internet} A standard solution is to use a VT100-type terminal. \section{SIMBAD access request} Potential users must apply for database access by contacting the CDS Director (see section~\ref{sec-address}). The following essential elements will be issued to applicants: \begin{enumerate} \item a personal Userid\index{Userid} and Password\index{Password} \quad (for access to the SIMBAD host) \item additional passwords \quad (when needed, for SIMBAD gateways) \item a copy of the {\em User's Guide} \quad (the present document). \end{enumerate} The user can change his (her) password by invoking the command {\fpp password} within Simbad. The applicant must also obtain access to an appropriate computer network for connection to the SIMBAD host (please check with your computer manager). SIMBAD is currently accessible through INTERNET (TCP/IP), SPAN (DECNET) and X25 public networks. Electronic Mail networks (such as BITNET)\index{BITNET} which do not allow remote log-in are NOT suitable for interactive access to SIMBAD (but can be used for batch mode queries, see chapter~\ref{smbmail}). From any place in the world it is always possible to connect reliably to SIMBAD, by using the public X25 networks in order to reach TRANSPAC\index{TRANSPAC} (French packet switched data network) either directly or through a user's international network, such as: {\ttc NPSS/IPSS } for the United Kingdom, or {\ttc DATEX-P} for the German Federal Republic. In Europe a gateway to SIMBAD is available through the {\it European Space Information System} (ESIS\index{ESIS}) of the European Space Agency at ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. A gateway to SIMBAD, funded by NASA, is available at SAO\index{SAO} (Cambridge, U.S.A.). U.S. users should consult connection instructions distributed to them by the U.S. agent (see addresses, below). \section{Access to the database server} Access through INTERNET\index{INTERNET} is given by: \hspace{2cm} {\fpp telnet simbad.u-strasbg.fr} \qquad or \qquad {\fpp telnet 130.79.128.4} \bigskip Access through SPAN\index{SPAN}, from any SPAN node running VMS, is given directly by: \hspace{2cm} {\fpp set host simbad} \qquad or \qquad {\fpp set host 29588} In the {\sl Unix\/} world, the SIMBAD node is also known as {\fpp 28.916}. \bigskip Access through TRANSPAC and national public (X.25) networks is available by entering the following number: $$ \begin{tabular}{p{4cm}p{7cm}} {\fpp 020806700091733}& from outside France\\ {\fpp 16700091733}& from France\\ \end{tabular} $$ This number gives access to the SIMBAD database server (a DECserver 5400 running Ultrix) through a front-end computer (a MicroVax II) provided to the CDS by the ESIS\index{ESIS} project of the European Space Agency (ESRIN, Frascati, Italy). \bigskip SIMBAD may also be accessed, in France, through TELETEL\index{Teletel}\index{Minitel}: dial {\bf 36 21} and then type the TRANSPAC number given above. \bigskip The information given in the present section is subject to modification: please use the contact addresses given below for up-to-date information. \section{Access to the database services} On the prompt "login:"\index{login}, type: \prompt{login:}\reply{\fvv your username} \index{!database/username} \prompt{Password:}\reply{\fvv your password} \index{!database/password} this will give you direct access to the SIMBAD application. Please note that these entries are case-sensitive, and that the userid is usually in {\em lower-case} letters. The password\index{password} can be changed at any time by typing \quad {\fpp password}. For security reasons it is important to avoid names, first names, and in general any word coming from a dictionary. \section{Contacts for Inquiries} \label{sec-address} \def\cola{6.5cm} \def\colb{9cm} All kinds of inquiries, requests for help and comments can be addressed by electronic mail to: \begin{tabular}{p{\cola}p{\colb}} \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Internet:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{\fpp question@simbad.u-strasbg.fr} \\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em SPAN:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{\fpp SIMBAD::QUESTION} \\ \end{tabular} \bigskip or by phone (office hours, European time) to: \begin{tabular}{p{\cola}p{\colb}} \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Tel:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{\bf +33 88 35 84 11} \\ \end{tabular} \bigskip Other points of contact are: \begin{tabular}{p{\cola}p{\colb}} \parbox[t]{\cola}{% The Director of the CDS} & \parbox[t]{\colb}{% Dr. Michel Cr\'ez\'e \\ CDS, Observatoire Astronomique \\ 11, rue de l'Universit\'e \\ 67000 Strasbourg \\ France \\}\\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Tel:}} & +33 88 35 82 18 \\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Telex:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{890506 STAROBS} \\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Fax:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{+33 88 25 01 60} \\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em SPAN:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{SIMBAD::CREZE} \\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Internet:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{creze@simbad.u-strasbg.fr} \end{tabular} \bigskip \begin{tabular}{p{\cola}p{\colb}} \parbox[t]{\cola}{% U.S. Users \\ (all problems and questions)} & \parbox[t]{\colb}{Joyce M. Watson \\ Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory \\ 60 Garden Street \\ Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. \\} \\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Tel:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{+1 (617) 495 7264 }\\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Telex:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{921428 SATELLITE CAM }\\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Fax:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{+1 (617) 495 7199 }\\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Internet:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{watson@cfa.harvard.edu}\\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em Bitnet (EARN):}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{WATSON@CFA}\\ \multicolumn{1}{r}{{\em SPAN:}} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{CFA::JOYCEMR} \end{tabular} %==================================================== \chapter{First session} %==================================================== Once you have reached SIMBAD, you get the first prompt: \prompt{Simbad search ->} This prompt must be seen as a partial command\index{command} that has to be completed with parameters by the user in order to formulate a query. The parameters can be: \begin{itemize} \item {\bf A single identifier} to obtain the data corresponding to an astronomical object. The syntax of an identifier is detailed in chapter~\ref{ident}. \item {\bf Coordinates} to get all objects within a given radius around the central position (default values: 10 arcmin. radius and equinox 1950). \item {\bf A filter name} to make a sample. How to create a filter is explained in chapter~\ref{filter}. The filter name must be preceded by the character ' (quote). \item {\bf A reference code}\index{reference code} to get the corresponding full reference. \end{itemize} Example: Imagine you want to get all available data for an object. Type the object name (here: HD 9902) and push the \CarriageReturn\ key. You will first obtain basic data and alternate identifications (aliases) of the object. \prompto{Simbad search ->}\reply{HD 9902} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 1950.0 = 01 34 24.66 +20 26 45.8 mb, mv = 9.3 8.7 Coord 2000.0 = 01 37 08.52 +20 42 01.6 sp type = G5 gal = 137.13 -40.91 pm = +0.062 [ 7] -0.038 [ 9] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AG+20 146 BD+19 269 HD 9902 YZ 0 1190 SAO 74827 YZ 20 465 1E 0134.3+2027 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: pos: 1 PM: 1 SAO: 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [HD 9902] display -> \end{verbatim} You can, for instance, type one of the following keywords\index{bye}: \begin{tabular}{lll} {\tt [identifier] display ->} & {\tt [CR]} & all data \\ & {\fpp basic } & basic data \\ & {\fpp id } & identifiers \\ & {\fpp data } & all measurements \\ & {\fvv cat} & measurements from catalogue {\fvv cat} \\ & {\fpp bib } & bibliographical references \\ \\ & {\fpp bye } & leaves the current object \end{tabular} Example: You want to list all the information available (basic data and identifiers, observational data or measurements, and bibliographical references) for the star HD 9902. The output will be as follows: \prompto{[HD 9902] display ->}\reply{\CarriageReturn\ } \begin{verbatim} ==== HD 9902 (star) Coord 1950.0 = 01 34 24.66 +20 26 45.8 mb, mv = 9.3 8.7 Coord 2000.0 = 01 37 08.52 +20 42 01.6 sp type = G5 gal = 137.13 -40.91 pm = +0.062 [ 7] -0.038 [ 9] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AG+20 146 BD+19 269 HD 9902 YZ 0 1190 SAO 74827 YZ 20 465 1E 0134.3+2027 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pos | alpha delta |me.al me.de|equi epoch | reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pos |01 34 24.712 +20 26 45.43 | .20 .23 |1950 1958.68|1971$AGK3.C.......L| PM | pm-ra [ m.e ]| pm-de [ m.e ]| reference | ------------------------------------------------------- PM | +.082[ .009]| -.038[ .009]|1971$AGK3.C.......L| \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} SAO | alpha delta : m.e| pm-ra :m.e| pm-de :m.e| reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAO m|01 34 24.660 +20 26 45.81 : .19| +.062:007| -.038:009| 1966$SAO..C.......S| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1981ApJ...245..163V: VAIANA G.S., CASSINELLI J.P., FABBIANO G., GIACCONI R., GOLUB L., GORENSTEIN P., HAISCH B.M., HARNDEN F.R., JOHNSON H.M., LINSKY J.L., MAXSON C.W., MEWE R., ROSNER R., SEWARD F., TOPKA K. and ZWAAN C. Results from an extensive Einstein stellar survey. 1989ApJ...340.1011F: FLEMING T.A., GIOIA I.M. and MACCACARO T. The relation between X-ray emission and rotation in late-type stars from the perspective of X-ray selection. 1990ApJS...72..567G: GIOIA M., MACCARARO T., SCHILD R.E., WOLTER A., \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} STOCKE J.T., Morris S.L. and HENRY J.P. The Einstein Observatory extended medium-sensitivity survey. I. X-ray data and analysis. \end{verbatim} \prompto{[HD 9902] display ->}\reply{bye} \prompto{simbad search ->} It happens frequently that the number of bibliographical references available for one object is quite large, so that it becomes useful to display only the references published within a given year range. The following example shows how to display the bibliographical references published in 1990 or 1991, in which the star Arcturus is mentioned. First note that Arcturus shall be called {\ttc NAME ARCTURUS} following the rule that an identifier should include a catalogue name (here the generic catalogue of star's names: {\ttc NAME}): \prompto{simbad search ->}\reply{NAME ARCTURUS} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 1950.0 = 14 13 22.749 +19 26 30.96 mb, mv = 1.19 V? -0.04 Coord 2000.0 = 14 15 43.458 +19 12 36.73 sp type = K1.5III gal = 15.14 +69.11 pm = -1.098 [ 1] -1.999 [ 1] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD 124897 GEN# +1.00124897 SKY# 26028 SAO 100944 UBV M 20076 NSV 6603 HR 5340 BD+19 2777 IRC +20270 CSV 101433 SV* ZI 1054 GC 19242 N30 3229 LHS 48 * alf Boo TD1 17351 Ci20 843 PLX 3242 GJ 541 * 16 Boo NAME ARCTURUS; FK4 526 GCRV 8341 JP11 2486 ROT 2044 UBV 12551 LFT 1084 LTT 14184 IRAS 14133+1925 AFGL 1693 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: GEN: 1 UBV:13 V*: 1 pos: 2 GJ: 1 TD1: 1 PM: 4 MK:32 JP11: 4 UVBY: 4 PLX: 5 GCRV:41 ROT: 2 SAO: 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 671 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} \prompto{[NAME ARCTURUS] display ->}\reply{bibyears 1990/1991} \prompto{[NAME ARCTURUS] display ->}\reply{bib} \begin{verbatim} 1990A&A...228..218D: DRAVINS D. Stellar granulation. VI. Four-component models and non-solar-type stars. 1990A&A...231..125S: SMITH G. and DRAKE J.J. The wings of the calcium infrared triplet lines in late-type giant stars. 1990A&A...232..396B: BLACKWELL D.E., PETFORD A.D., ARRIBAS S., HADDOCK D.. and SELBY M.J. Determination of temperatures and angular diameters of 114 F-M stars using the infrared flux method (IRFM). 1990A&A...234..366G: GRATTON R.G. and SNEDEN C. The chemical composition of mu Leonis. \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} 1990A&A...237..153P: PERSI P., FERRARI-TONIOLO M., SHIVANANDAN K., RANIERI M. and MARENZI A. Infrared photometry up to 34 mu.m of the type II OH/IR sources OH 127.8-0.0 and OH 345.0+15.7 1990A&A...237..237L: LEROY J.L. Broad-band polarization in crowded spectra. 1990AJ.....99.1961F: FERNANDEZ-VILLACANAS J.L., REGO M. and CORNIDE M. Barium and iron abundances in red giants. 1990Ap&SS.164..263A: AVCIOGLU K., TURKER OZKAN M. and HUSEYINMENTESE H. A comparison of the near-ultraviolet continuum and chromospheric emission line fluxes of the late-type giant stars. 1990Ap&SS.169...77B: BELMONTE J.A., JONES A.R., PALLE P.L. and ROCA CORTES T. Acoustic oscillations in the K2III star Arcturus. \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{n} \prompto{[NAME ARCTURUS] display ->}\reply{bye} Note that once you have finished with one object, you have to type {\fpp bye}\index{bye}, which leads you to the main prompt: \prompto{Simbad search ->} allowing you to search for something else. You can, more generally to type {\fpp bye} each time you want to go back to the main prompt. When you have finished, type\index{stop}: \replyo{stop} \qquad in order to leave the database. %****************** %****************** \part{USER'S GUIDE} %****************** %****************** %==================================================== \chapter{How to retrieve information for one object ?} %==================================================== \label{ident} On entering the software, you get the first prompt: \prompt{simbad search ->} This prompt must be seen as a partial command\index{command} that has to be completed with parameters by the user to obtain information from the database. The parameters can be: \begin{itemize} \item {\bf A single identifier} to obtain the data corresponding to an astronomical object ({\em this chapter\/}). \item {\bf Coordinates} to get all objects within a given radius around the central position (chapter~\ref{coord}). \item {\bf A filter name} to make a sample (chapters~\ref{sampling} and \ref{filter}). \item {\bf A reference code} to get the corresponding bibliographical reference (chapter~\ref{contents}). \end{itemize} \section{Object identifiers: how to type them} The syntax of an identifier is the following\index{identifier syntax}: \begin{itemize} \item the abbreviated catalogue name (one to four characters), \quad followed by \item a number or a name within the catalogue. \end{itemize} The catalogue name should be followed by at least one space (not necessary when the identifier field begins with a sign, like in a BD number). {\em Examples:} \\ \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc HD 187642} \\ \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc M 31} \\ \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc BD+8 4236} \hspace{1cm} {\em or} \qquad {\ttc BD +8 4236} \qquad {\em or} \qquad {\ttc BD +08 4236} Altair, $\alpha$ Aquilae, and RR Lyrae should be typed: \\ \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc NAME ALTAIR} \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc * ALF AQL} \qquad and \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc V* RR LYR} \\ where {\ttc NAME}, {\ttc *}, and {\ttc V*} are the catalogue names. \medskip {\bf A few hints:} \begin{description} \item [Case sensitivity:] SIMBAD is not case-sensitive at this level: {\ttc *~ALF~AQL} or {\ttc *~alf~Aql} are, for instance, both accepted. But note that star's names or appellations stored under the generic catalogue\index{NAME} `{\ttc NAME}' ({\ttc ALTAIR}, {\ttc SIRIUS}, {\ttc VEGA}, {\ttc BARNARD'S STAR}, etc.) should be typed in upper-case letters. \item [Greek letters:]\index{greek letter} should be abbreviated as three letters: {\ttc alf}, {\ttc bet}, for $\alpha$ and $\delta$, but also {\ttc mu.} {\ttc nu.} and {\ttc pi.} (with a dot), for $\mu$, $\nu$ and $\pi$. The complete table is given as Appendix~\ref{greek}. \item [Constellations:]\index{constellation} constellation names should be abbreviated with the usual three letters: {\ttc * alf Boo}, {\ttc * del Sct}, {\ttc V* FG Sge}, {\ttc NOVA Her 1991}. The complete table is given as Appendix~\ref{constell}. \item [Multiple systems:] Identifiers of a multiple system may generate a list of the objects of the system. For instance, {\ttc ADS 5423} calls for the four components, A to D, of the stellar system around Sirius. How to deal with a list of objects is described in the next chapter. \item [Component letter:]\index{component} Component letters should be typed as upper case letters, which may be separated by a space: {\ttc HD 48915B} or {\ttc HD 48915 B} are accepted\footnote{Note that {\tt BD +04 3561a} is not {\tt BD +04 3561A} (additional star in the BD catalogue, not component of a system). Rather confusing, isn't it ?}. Supernovae are to be typed as {\ttc SN 1987A} or {\ttc SN 1987 A} . \item [Cluster stars:] The nomenclature for cluster\index{cluster} stars is rather complex: it includes the cluster name followed by a number, or cluster name followed by a list name and a number in the list. A detailed description is given in Appendix~\ref{cluster}. Examples are: {\ttc NGC~2264~10}, {\ttc CL Melotte 25 1}. \item [Catalogue abbreviations:] A list of the catalogue\index{catalogue} names, abbreviations, or acronyms used is available as a separate document ({\em Catalogue Acronyms and Abbreviations in SIMBAD\/}). \item [info cat:] An on--line help is provided by the {\fpp info cat} commands, which are described in chapter~\ref{help}. \item [Unknown name ?:] If the identifier you have is not accepted by Simbad, or simply not found, try one thing: enter the coordinates of the object (chapter~\ref{coord}); if the object is in Simbad under a different name, you will find it. \end{description} An ampersand\index{\&} ({\fpp \&}) immediately after an identifier makes a generic interrogation of the objects following a given object (in the order of the catalogue). The ampersand itself can be followed by a number modifying the default number of 10 consecutive objects. {\em Examples:} \\ {\ttc HR 5999\&} \hspace{1cm} generates a list of ten objects: {\ttc HR 5999}, {\ttc HR 6000}, {\ttc HR 6001}, etc. \\ {\ttc NGC 2264 1\&20} \hspace{1cm} retrieves stars 1 to 20 in open cluster NGC 2264. \section{Retrieving the data for one object} Imagine you want to list all the information available (basic data and identifiers, observational data or measurements, and bibliographical references) for the star AG+89 15. First, type the identifier: \prompto{simbad search ->}\reply{AG+89 15} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 1950.0 = 07 12 31.19 +89 44 52.0 mb, mv = 9.4 8.9 Coord 2000.0 = 09 46 18.31 +89 34 09.4 sp type = A5 gal = 123.28 +27.43 pm = +0.007 [ 3] +0.011 [ 3] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AG+89 15 AGKR 6504 BD+89 3 HD 21070 SAO 1157 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: PM: 2 pos: 2 SAO: 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} The basic data and the identifiers are displayed automatically. Note that the main prompt has been replaced by the following one: \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->} The software makes the queried astronomical object current ([AG+89 15] is its name), with the default action {\fpp display}. By typing a \CarriageReturn\ , you execute the command like it is shown in the prompt: \hspace{3cm} [AG+89 15]\quad display and get all the data displayed, according to the current format. The astronomical object remains current, as well as the action \verbe{display}. You can, for instance, display the data again, or a part of them by typing the following keywords\index{basic}\index{bye}\index{id}\index{catalog}\index{data}\index{bib} \index{bibtext}\index{nbib}\index{bibcode}\index{all}\index{ndata}: \begin{tabular}{lp{12cm}} {\fpp basic} & for basic data\\ {\fpp id} & for the identifiers\\ {\fpp ndata} & gives the number of observational measurements\\ {\fpp data} & for the observational measurements\\ {\fvv cat} & displays the measurements of catalog {\fvv cat} (Example: {\ttc UBV}) \\ {\fpp all} & for all the observational measurements\\ {\fpp nbib} & gives the number of bibliographical references\\ {\fpp bib} & for the bibliographical references\\ {\fpp bibcode}& for the bibliographical reference codes\\ \\ {\fpp bye} & for leaving the object \end{tabular} The keyword {\fpp catalog} allows to generate a permanent change of the environment (i.e. the current format): \\ \begin{tabular}{lp{9cm}} {\fpp catalog} cat-name cat-type &for the measurements concerning all catalogues (\replyo{A}), or a specific catalog defined by its name and the following keyword:\\ &\begin{tabular}{cp{10cm}} {\ttc F} & first measurement \\ {\ttc M} & mean value or first one if none \\ {\ttc A} & all measurements \\ \end{tabular} \\ \end{tabular} This change is valid until the end of the session, unless you restore the default format (all data) by typing {\fpp catalog A A}. The following parameters can be set\index{bibyears}\index{equi1}\index{equi2}: \begin{tabular}{lp{11cm}} {\fpp bibyears} {\fvv y1/y2} & will limit the display of the bibliography to the given years (papers published between 1970 and 1990: \replyo{bibyears 1970/1990}) \\ {\fpp equi1} {\fvv year.d}& will set first equinox (example: \replyo{equi1 1950.0}) \\ {\fpp equi2} {\fvv year.d}& will set second equinox (example: \replyo{equi2 1990.0}) \\ \end{tabular} These parameters and keywords modify the standard (default) format and this change remains valid until the end of the session, unless you restore the default format by typing \reply{bibyears 1850/2000} \reply{equi1 1950.0} \reply{equi2 2000.0} You may also create your own keywords within your own format (see chapter~\ref{format}: ``Defining formats''). \bigskip {\bf Example:} You want to list the information available for the star AG +89 15. The output will be as follows: \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{\CarriageReturn\ } \begin{verbatim} ==== AG+89 15 (star) Coord 1950.0 = 07 12 31.19 +89 44 52.0 mb, mv = 9.4 8.9 Coord 2000.0 = 09 46 18.31 +89 34 09.4 sp type = A5 gal = 123.28 +27.43 pm = +0.007 [ 3] +0.011 [ 3] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AG+89 15 AGKR 6504 BD+89 3 HD 21070 SAO 1157 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PM | pm-ra [ m.e ]| pm-de [ m.e ]| reference | ------------------------------------------------------- PM | +.007[ .003]| +.011[ .003]|1971$AGK3.C.......L| PM | +.000[ .001]| +.010[ .008]|1978$AGKR.C.......C| pos | alpha delta |me.al me.de|equi epoch | reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pos |07 12 31.083 +89 44 52.09 | .07 .07 |1950 1959.36|1971$AGK3.C.......L| pos |07 12 29.689 +89 44 51.66 | .05 .22 |1950 1931.86|1978$AGKR.C.......C| \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} SAO | alpha delta : m.e| pm-ra :m.e| pm-de :m.e| reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAO m|07 12 31.190 +89 44 52.04 : .13| +.003:006| +.008:006| 1966$SAO..C.......S| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1950ApJ...111...65E: EGGEN O.J. Photoelectric studies -1- Color-luminosity array for members of the Hyades cluster. 1950ApJ...112..240J: JOHNSON H.L. The color-magnitude array for the galactic cluster NGC 2362. 1950ApJ...112..469S: STEBBINS J., WHITFORD A.E. and JOHNSON H.L. Photoelectric magnitudes and colors of stars in Selected Areas 57, 61and 68. \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} 1950$BAI...11..441W: WALRAVEN T. and FOKKER A.D. Photoelectric colours of B and A-type stars in a number of selected areas. 1951ApJ...114..141E: EGGEN O.J. Photoelectric studies -8- Positional effect in photomultipliers and some revised magnitudes in the North Polar Sequence and Harvard Region C12. 1951ApJ...114..492R: ROMAN N.G. A study of the concentration of early-type stars in Cyg. 1951ApJ...114..522J: JOHNSON H.L. and MORGAN W.W. On the color-magnitude diagram of the Pleiades. 1952ApJ...115..479M: McCUSKEY S.W. Variations in the stellar luminosity function -5- A region in Cam. \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} 1952ApJ...116..272J: JOHNSON H.L. On magnitude systems. 1952ApJ...116..612W: WEAVER H.F. Spectral type, magnitude and color-index relations in the galactic star cluster in Com. 1953ApJ...117...83C: COX A.N. The transfer of the North Polar standards to the Southern hemisphere. 1955AnA....18..292J: JOHNSON H.L. A photometric system. 1955AJ.....60...65E: EGGEN O.J. Magnitudes and colors for 833 Northern and Southern stars. 1958AJ.....63..474B: BALZ A.G.A. and VYSSOTSKY A.N. Photographic and photovisual magnitudes of stars in Harvard Standard \end{verbatim} \prompto{Do you want to see more ?}\reply{ y } \begin{verbatim} C regions. 1961SvA.....5..575K: KADLA Z.I. Positions and proper motions of stars observed with the polar telescope at Pulkovo. 1976AsT...931....4K: KRASIKOV A.A. Coordinates of Polarissima BD +89 3 from I.A. Dyukov observations in 1932-1935. 1977JBAA...87..369J: JONES A.W. Mean places for 42 of the brighter stars within 1 of the NCP-1978.0. 1978PASP...90..739G: GAUTHIER R.P. and FERNIE J.D. The reddening of Polaris. \end{verbatim} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{basic} \begin{verbatim} ==== AG+89 15 (star) Coord 1950.0 = 07 12 31.19 +89 44 52.0 mb, mv = 9.4 8.9 Coord 2000.0 = 09 46 18.31 +89 34 09.4 sp type = A5 gal = 123.28 +27.43 pm = +0.007 [ 3] +0.011 [ 3] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{id} \begin{verbatim} AG+89 15 AGKR 6504 BD+89 3 HD 21070 SAO 1157 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{all} \begin{verbatim} PM | pm-ra [ m.e ]| pm-de [ m.e ]| reference | ------------------------------------------------------- PM | +.007[ .003]| +.011[ .003]|1971$AGK3.C.......L| PM | +.000[ .001]| +.010[ .008]|1978$AGKR.C.......C| pos | alpha delta |me.al me.de|equi epoch | reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pos |07 12 31.083 +89 44 52.09 | .07 .07 |1950 1959.36|1971$AGK3.C.......L| pos |07 12 29.689 +89 44 51.66 | .05 .22 |1950 1931.86|1978$AGKR.C.......C| SAO | alpha delta : m.e| pm-ra :m.e| pm-de :m.e| reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAO m|07 12 31.190 +89 44 52.04 : .13| +.003:006| +.008:006| 1966$SAO..C.......S| \end{verbatim} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{PM} \begin{verbatim} PM | pm-ra [ m.e ]| pm-de [ m.e ]| reference | ------------------------------------------------------- PM | +.007[ .003]| +.011[ .003]|1971$AGK3.C.......L| PM | +.000[ .001]| +.010[ .008]|1978$AGKR.C.......C| \end{verbatim} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{bibyears 1970/1990} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{bib} \begin{verbatim} 1976AsT...931....4K: KRASIKOV A.A. Coordinates of Polarissima BD +89 3 from I.A. Dyukov observations in 1932-1935. 1977JBAA...87..369J: JONES A.W. Mean places for 42 of the brighter stars within 1 of the NCP-1978.0. 1978PASP...90..739G: GAUTHIER R.P. and FERNIE J.D. The reddening of Polaris. \end{verbatim} \prompt{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{equi1 1900.0} \prompt{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{equi2 1990.0} \prompt{[AG+89 15] display ->}\reply{basic} \begin{verbatim} ==== AG+89 15 (star) Coord 1900.0 = 03 18 51.46 +89 41 12.1 mb, mv = 9.4 8.9 Coord 1990.0 = 09 27 30.97 +89 36 52.1 sp type = A5 gal = 123.28 +27.43 pm = +0.007 [ 3] +0.011 [ 3] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} \prompto{[AG+89 15] display ->} This prompt remains current as long as you do not quit the astronomical object, after having displayed its data. This is done by the action verb \verbe{bye}\index{bye}: \prompto{Simbad-obj display ->}\reply{bye} %==================================================== \chapter{Accessing by coordinates} %==================================================== \label{coord} \section{Query by coordinates} The second most common use of SIMBAD is to search by positional parameters, or coordinates.\index{!Query by coordinates}\index{coordinates} Such a query will give you access to all objects present in a small circle around the given coordinates. All objects within the specified radius and included in the data base are retrieved and an \agent{object list} if available for scrutiny. You can then examine the selected objects individually, or as a group. Selected objects are listed in order of increasing distance from the specified position ({\sl not yet implemented\/}). \section{Coordinates format and equinox} The coordinates must be written in the order $\alpha$, $\delta$ without forgetting the sign for the declination zone. The input may be {\ttc hh mm.m +dd mm}, or {\ttc hh mm ss.ss +dd mm ss.s}, etc. in free form, but the sign of the declination must be included (even if positive) because the sign is used to parse the positional values. The default value for the equinox is the standard equinox\index{equinox} in the database (presently: 1950.0). It can be overwritten by the command \replyo{cooequinox 2000.0}\index{cooequinox}, if, for instance, you want to input coordinates at the equinox 2000.0. Note that this equinox value may well be different from the ones corresponding to the coordinates displayed in the basic data (e. g. with the command \command{astrobj}{display}{basic}). The default values for these two sets of displayed coordinates is (presently) 1950.0 and 2000.0, values which can be modified with the following command: \replyo{equi1 value}, and \replyo{equi2 value}. The coordinates are originally stored in the database under their 1950.0 value. No change of epoch\index{epoch}, using the proper motions\index{proper motion}, is performed. This feature will be implemented later on, together with a move to the J2000 IAU standard. \section{Search radius} The default value for the radius\index{radius} is 10 arcmin. However this can be modified by the command\index{cooradius} {\fpp cooradius} {\fvv value} (the value is to be given as decimal or sexagesimal degrees (warning ! give the value in degrees, not arcmin or arcsec). Here are two equivalent examples of the possible syntax for changing the value to 30 arcmin: \prompt{Simbad search ->}\reply{cooradius 0 30} \prompt{Simbad search ->}\reply{cooradius 0.5} This change remains valid until the end of the session (unless you enter a new cooradius value). \section{The object list} The query by coordinates produces a list of objects, which can of course consist of only one object\index{object list}. You will therefore first interact with an \agent{object list} agent. The agent will display a short list of all retrieved objects (one line per object). You have the possibility to display one or several specific objects of the list, save the list, or merge it with another one. How to do that is explained in detail in the chapter~\ref{objlist}: ``Managing an object list''. We give here the most useful commands\index{bye}: \begin{tabular}{lll} {\tt simbad-coolist display ->} & {\fpp all } & all objects \\ & {\fpp +{\fvv n} } & n objects from the current one \\ & {\fvv n } & object \# n \\ & {\fpp bye } & leaves the current agent \end{tabular} \section{Example} Enter coordinates required (not forgetting the declination sign): \prompto{simbad search ->}\reply{18 35 +38 45} \begin{verbatim} ==== coo 18 35 +38 45 - 8 objects: #1 | *|AG+38 1709 |18 34 59.57 +38 38 52.1 |? |10.9 - |0 #2 | *|BD+38 3235B |18 34 57.3 +38 39 07 |? | -11.1 |0 #3 | *|HD 172167 |18 35 14.655 +38 44 09.67|A0V | 0.03- 0.03|785 #4 | *|AG+38 1712 |18 35 15.25 +38 43 06.3 |? |10.8 - |0 #5 | *|BD+38 3238C |18 35 10.1 +38 44 23 |? | -11.0 |0 #6 | *|BD+38 3238E |18 35 15.5 +38 44 23 |? | - 9.5 |0 #7 | *|ADS 11510 D |18 35.2 +38 45 |? | |0 #8 | *|EQ 183456.7+384615.4|18 34 56.7 +38 46 15 | | |1 \end{verbatim} There are 8 objects within a radius of 10 arcmin. You receive the type of object (asterisk for stars, G for galaxies, ? for other non--stellar objects), one name, the coordinates, spectral type, magnitudes, and, at the end, the number of bibliographical references. Request one of the object, by number (for example: the second one): \\ \prompto{simbad-coolist display ->}\reply{2} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 1950.0 = 18 34 57.3 +38 39 07 mb, mv = : 11.1 : Coord 2000.0 = 18 36 38.2 +38 41 43 sp type = ? gal = 67.34 +19.26 ./. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ BD+38 3235B IDS 18333+3236 B CSI+38 3235 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ list-obj display -> \end{verbatim} Note that this brings you to the level of prompt corresponding to one object of the list: type \replyo{bye}\index{bye} in order to go back to the list level, where you can continue to request objects from the list. \prompto{list-obj display ->}\reply{bye} \prompto{simbad-coolist display ->}\reply{3} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 1950.0 = 18 35 14.655 +38 44 09.67 mb, mv = 0.03 0.03 Coord 2000.0 = 18 36 55.377 +38 46 46.78 sp type = A0V gal = 67.44 +19.24 pm = +0.200 [ 1] +0.285 [ 1] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD 172167 GEN# +1.00172167 UBV M 23118 SKY# 34103 SAO 67174 GC 25466 N30 4138 TD1 22883 BD+38 3238 PLX 4293 GJ 721 IRC +40322 HR 7001 AFGL 2208 * 3 Lyr * alf Lyr NAME VEGA; ADS 11510 A AG+38 1711 CEL 4636 FK4 699 GCRV 11085 HGAM 706 JP11 2999 ROT 2633 UBV 15842 1E 183515+3844.3 CSI+38 3238 1 V* alf Lyr LTT 15486 NSV 11128 IRAS 18352+3844 SV* SVS101745 CSV 101745 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: Do you want to see more ? yes TD1: 1 UBV:13 PM: 2 pos: 2 GJ: 1 GEN: 1 MK:33 JP11: 5 IRC: 1 CEL: 1 UVBY: 7 PLX: 4 GCRV:16 ROT: 2 SAO: 1 hbet: 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 785 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} \prompto{list-obj display ->}\reply{bye} Type \replyo{all}, or simply hit \CarriageReturn\ in order to repeat displaying the list. \prompto{simbad-coolist display ->}\replyo{all} \begin{verbatim} #1 | *|AG+38 1709 |18 34 59.57 +38 38 52.1 |? |10.9 - |0 #2 | *|BD+38 3235B |18 34 57.3 +38 39 07 |? | -11.1 |0 #3 | *|HD 172167 |18 35 14.655 +38 44 09.67|A0V | 0.03- 0.03|785 #4 | *|AG+38 1712 |18 35 15.25 +38 43 06.3 |? |10.8 - |0 #5 | *|BD+38 3238C |18 35 10.1 +38 44 23 |? | -11.0 |0 #6 | *|BD+38 3238E |18 35 15.5 +38 44 23 |? | - 9.5 |0 #7 | *|ADS 11510 D |18 35.2 +38 45 |? | |0 #8 | *|EQ 183456.7+384615.4|18 34 56.7 +38 46 15 | | |1 \end{verbatim} \prompto{simbad-coolist display ->}\reply{stop} %==================================================== \chapter{How to create a list of objects: the filter} %==================================================== \label{sampling} \section{Query by filter (or sampling)} In the Query by filter\index{!filter} (or sampling\index{!sampling}) mode, you can retrieve a list of objects according to specific criteria. These criteria constitute a filter\footnote{In fact, the query by coordinates is also a query by filter, where the criteria are a search radius and a given position}. {\bf Note:} In general a set of criteria\index{criteria} should include some limitations in coordinates. These limitations allow to define a range of coordinate boxes which includes the requested area: all the objects from these boxes are read and checked against the whole set of criteria. SIMBAD has been divided for that into 6145 boxes allowing an optimized access by coordinates. When a set of criteria includes no limits in sky position, the complete database is to be scanned. \section{Don't forget the quote} Sending to the agent \agent{simbad} a filter name will trigger sampling. One precaution is needed here. The filter is also an agent. So, if you just type its name after the prompt \agent{simbad} \verbe{search}, the programme will think\footnote{I know, programmes don't really think} that you want a dialogue with the filter agent. It will not consider the filter name as a parameter to the \agent{simbad} agent and its current verb. To avoid this, you must precede the filter agent name with a quote\index{quote} character ({\tt '}). Your command will look like: \nobreak \prompt{Simbad search ->}\replyo{'}{\fvv filter-name} Sampling generates a selection of all objects from the database fulfilling the specific criteria you define. Sampling builds an \agent{object list} agent which is used after the sampling command for displaying objects, merging the list with another one, etc. See chapter~\ref{objlist}: ``Managing an object list''. Sampling is done in two steps: \begin{itemize} \item First, you need to define a \agent{filter}\index{filter} agent containing the sample criteria written as a set of instructions. Such \agent{filters} can be kept from one session to another. So, if the agent with its criteria set is already existing, you need just to load it in the session. \item Then, you send a command to \prompto{simbad search ->} with the filter name as parameter. \end{itemize} The sample results are managed by a new agent: an \agent{object list} agent. \section{Defining a filter} %---------------------------------------------------------------------- You get access to an existing filter, or define a new one, through the following command: \command{session}{use}{filter \quad{\fvv filtername}} \hspace{1cm} where {\em filtername\/} is the name of the filter you want to use for sampling the database. After this command, if the filter named {\em filtername\/} already exists, it becomes available in the session, for modification (through \command{{\fvv filtername}}{set}{}) or immediate use in a query (\prompto{database search ->}\replyo{'filtername}). If no filter agent exists under the name {\em filtername\/}, a new one is created, and the command \command{{\fvv filtername}}{set}{} is invoked to allow to define the sampling criteria using a text editor. Usage of the text editor is described in chapter~\ref{vi}. \section{Writing filtering instructions} %--------------------------------------- A simple filtering instruction is made of one criterion. Each criterion comprises a keyword and parameters, generally made of a lower limit and an upper limit or some name. \begin{tabular}{ll} Example:& {\ttc MB 6.5/9.0}\\ & {\ttc CAT SAO}\\ \end{tabular} Criteria can be combined in the following way: \begin{itemize} \item Criteria written on different lines correspond to the {\ttc AND} operator: \begin{verbatim} MB 6.5/9.0 CAT SAO \end{verbatim} Select all objects having magnitude $B$ between 6.5 and 9.0 {\bf and} having an SAO identifier. \item Criteria written on one line separated by a '{\tt |}' character correspond to the {\ttc OR} operator: \begin{verbatim} MB 6.5/9.0 | MV 6.0/8.5 \end{verbatim} Select all objects having $B$ magnitude between 6.5 and 9.0 {\bf or} $V$ magnitude between 6.0 and 8.5. \end{itemize} Any number of instructions and criteria may be written in one filter. The total size of the resulting sample is not limited. All available instructions for defining a filter are described in the chapter~\ref{filter}. \section{Example} We will create a filter named {\fvv target}, retrieve the corresponding list of objects (SAO stars, of a given magnitude range, in a given field), and then display in more detail the 11th object found. \prompto{simbad search ->}\replyo{session use filter target} \\ \prompto{target set ->}\CarriageReturn \\ {\tt "target.ftr" [New file]} \\ \mbox{}\qquad {\em here, type {\fpp i} for input mode, then enter the text of the filter} \begin{verbatim} FIELD 18 00 -12 00 DIM 3/3 MB 6.5/9.0 CAT SAO ~ ~ \end{verbatim} \mbox{}\qquad {\em type [esc] then {\fpp :wq} for leaving the editor} \\ {\tt "target.ftr" [New file] 3 lines, 53 characters} \\ \prompto{target set ->}\replyo{bye}\\ \prompto{session use ->}\replyo{bye}\\ \prompto{simbad search ->}\replyo{'target} \begin{verbatim} Number of objects found: 16 #1 | *|YZC 11 6113 |17 54 48.67 -11 31 42.9 |G0 | 8.4 - 7.8 |0 #2 | *|YZC 11 6127 |17 57 10.11 -11 32 38.1 |A5 | 9.0 - 8.8 |0 #3 | *|YZC 11 6129 |17 57 32.91 -11 15 29.6 |A5 | 8.9 - 8.7 |0 #4 | *|HD 164026 |17 56 53.68 -12 20 49.0 |G8/K0IV | 8.9 - 7.9 |0 #5 | *|HD 164047 |17 57 00.06 -12 08 54.5 |A8/A9V | 8.8 - 8.6 |0 #6 | *|HD 164165 |17 57 37.69 -12 59 13.0 |B8/B9III| 7.4 - 7.4 |1 #7 | *|HD 163977 |17 56 39.15 -13 01 45.5 |A9V | 8.6 - 8.4 |0 #8 | *|HD 164485 |17 59 07.21 -13 08 51.8 |Ap... | 8.9 - 8.7 |0 #9 | *|YZC 11 6153 |18 01 33.79 -10 54 50.6 |G0 | 8.2 - 7.5 |0 #10 | *|YZC 11 6159 |18 02 19.92 -10 30 34.4 |A5 | 9.0 - 8.8 |0 #11 | *|YZC 11 6177 |18 05 31.14 -10 33 31.2 |Am | 8.13- 7.81|7 #12 | *|YZC 11 6160 |18 02 44.46 -11 01 28.6 |A5 | 7.4 - 7.3 |2 #13 | *|YZC 11 6157 |18 02 15.66 -11 30 44.6 |A2 | 8.3 - 8.2 |0 #14 | *|HD 165361 |18 03 18.29 -12 21 25.0 |F7IV+...| 9.0 - 8.5 |0 #15 | *|HD 165781 |18 05 30.04 -12 42 13.6 |A2/A3III| 8.9 - 8.7 |0 #16 | *|HD 165546 |18 04 12.82 -13 14 33.6 |A0III | 8.6 - 8.6 |0 \end{verbatim} \prompto{simbad-list1 display ->}\replyo{11} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 1950.0 = 18 05 31.14 -10 33 31.2 mb, mv = 8.13 7.81 Coord 2000.0 = 18 08 17.27 -10 33 01.0 sp type = Am gal = 18.59 +4.60 ./. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ YZC 11 6177 HD 165830 GEN# +1.00165830 SAO 161101 SKY# 32968 UBV M 22647 BD-10 4616 JP11 2935 TD1 21686 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: UBV: 1 MK: 2 JP11: 1 TD1: 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \end{verbatim} \prompto{list-obj display ->}\replyo{bye} \\ \prompto{simbad-list1 display ->}\replyo{bye} \\ \prompto{simbad search ->} %==================================================== \chapter{Querying from a list} %==================================================== \label{idlist}\index{!idlist}\index{!coolist} \section{Storing a file on the SIMBAD host computer} This query mode implies that a file containing either a list\index{list} of object identifiers, or a list of coordinates, is stored under your account on the Simbad host computer. This can be done by sending it from your home computer by {\bf ftp} (using Internet) or through a {\bf Decnet copy} (using SPAN)\index{file copy}. The Simbad staff will take care of erasing unused files after a few months. Each line of the file should be an identifier (command {\fpp idlist}) or a set of coordinates (command {\fpp coolist}). \section{idlist and coolist} It is suggested to check on a few entries the format of the result produced by the database (it is a function of the current environment). The selection of the data to be collected ---defined in the current environment\index{environment}--- can be modified by typing\index{basicdata}\index{bibliography}\index{maxdata}: \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp basicdata} & coordinates, mag., sp. type and proper motions. (default value)\\ {\fpp bibliography} & only references codes \\ {\fpp maxdata} & all available data \end{tabular} If you are using coordinates, check the {\fpp cooradius} and {\fpp cooequinox} values (see chapter~\ref{coord}). Then, use the list of identifiers or coordinates contained in specific file (of name {\em filename\/}), as follows: \begin{tabular}{lp{4cm}l} {\tt Simbad search ->} & {\fpp idlist \fvv filename} & for identifier list \\ \\ {\tt Simbad search ->} & {\fpp coolist \fvv filename} & for coordinates list \end{tabular} When only reference codes are used, the text of the bibliographical references may be displayed once at the end of the session, using the command: {\tt Simbad search ->} \qquad {\fpp reftext} This is especially useful for lists of astronomical objects having references in common. \section{Example} Let us suppose you have {\ttc ftp\/}'ed the following file to the Simbad computer, under the name {\ttc list.dat}: \begin{verbatim} HD 1 SAO 2 NGC 3 \end{verbatim} Using the default value (basic data) you will obtain the following output: {\tt simbad search ->} {\fpp idlist list.dat} \begin{verbatim} Type: star Coord 2000 = 00 05 08.65 +67 50 23.7 mb, mv = 8.8 7.6 Coord 1950 = 00 02 32.23 +67 33 41.8 sp type = K0 gal = 118.57 +5.36 pm = +0.007 [ 3] +0.009 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SKY# 146 HD 1 SAO 10963 AG+67 4 AGKR 39 BD+67 1599 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: SAO: 1 PM: 2 pos: 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type: star Coord 2000 = 00 02 45.75 +80 16 55.8 mb, mv = 8.3 7.7 Coord 1950 = 00 00 09.61 +80 00 13.8 sp type = F2 gal = 120.79 +17.61 pm = +0.056 [ 6] +0.025 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SKY# 78 HD 225020 SAO 2 AG+80 1 AGKR 3 BD+79 799 GC 4 TD1 30250 ADS 5 A CSI+79 799 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: TD1: 1 SAO: 1 PM: 3 pos: 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type: galaxy Coord 2000 = 00 07 16.6 +08 18 05 mb, mv = 14.6 : Coord 1950 = 00 04 42.7 +08 01 23 morph. type = S0: gal = 104.58 -52.99 dim = 1.13 0.21113 (~) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Z 0004.7+0802 NGC 3 Z 408 -35 UGC 58 MCG+01-01-0037 ARK 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Measurements: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ References: 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ simbad search -> \end{verbatim} %==================================================== \chapter{Using SIMBAD in batch mode} %==================================================== \label{smbmail}\index{!smbmail} \section{Introduction to SMBMAIL} The facility documented in this chapter is not used in {\em interactive\/} mode (i.e. when you log into Simbad, and have a dialog with the database management system) but {\em through electronic mail}\index{electronic mail}, without needing to establish an interactive connection with the SIMBAD host computer. The {\fpp smbmail} facility allows a SIMBAD user to send by electronic mail a file containing a header, an optional list of commands, and a list of astronomical objects or a list of coordinates. After execution, the result of the query is sent back by mail, using an E-mail address provided in a header. It is especially well suited for long lists or sampling queries (you do not want to keep the connection open while the database is processing the query) or for users who have no easy access to an interactive network. This facility can as well be used through Bitnet\index{Bitnet} or any other network. The query file should be sent to one of the following addresses: \begin{tabular}{ll} SPAN: & SIMBAD::SMBMAIL \\ INTERNET: & smbmail@simbad.u-strasbg.fr \\ EARN/BITNET:& smbmail@simbad.u-strasbg.fr \\ \end{tabular} \section{The format} \index{idlist}\index{coolist} The file must have the following structure: \begin{enumerate} \item {\bf A header:} It consists of three lines (mandatory) : \begin{itemize} \item the first line should be ``{\fpp SIMBAD interrogation}''. \item the second line contains the keyword {\fpp username:} followed by your simbad {\em username} (userid) \item the third line gives the keyword {\fpp mailaddr:} followed by your E-mail address for return. It should have one of the following syntaxes:\index{SPAN}\index{Internet}\index{Bitnet} \begin{tabular}{lp{9.5cm}} SPAN (Decnet): & {\fvv NODE::USERID} \\ INTERNET: & {\fvv userid@node.domain} \\ EARN/BITNET: & {\fvv userid@node.bitnet} \\ \end{tabular} \end{itemize} {\bf Example:} \begin{verbatim} SIMBAD interrogation username: u01abcd mailaddr: smith@cfa.harvard.edu \end{verbatim} \item A command list: Such a list is optional. If not present, the default values will be used. If it exists, it must begin with the keyword 'commands:' followed by lines containing SIMBAD commands. {\bf Example:} \begin{verbatim} ... commands: bibyears 1980/1990 maxdata ... \end{verbatim} {\bf Comment 1:} The default format\index{format}\index{env} for a search by object gives the basic data. Other usual formats can be obtained by the following commands\index{maxdata}\index{basicdata}\index{bibliography} (see also chapter~\ref{format} for the syntax): \begin{tabular}{ll} all data and refs: & {\fpp maxdata } \\ \qquad or (equivalent) : & {\fpp /env set FM-IMMEDIATE=fm-standard } \\ list (one line per object): & {\fpp /env set FM-IMMEDIATE=fm-list} \\ bibliographic codes only: & {\fpp bibliography } \end{tabular} More formats (and maybe more friendly names) will be available soon. {\bf Comment 2:} The default format for a list (e.g. search by coordinates) is: one line per object. Other usual formats can be obtained by the following commands: \begin{tabular}{ll} for all data and refs: & {\fpp maxdata} \\ for basic data only: & {\fpp basicdata} \\ bibliographic codes only: & {\fpp bibliography } \end{tabular} \item Identifier or coordinates list: An identifier list begins with {\fpp idlist:} as keyword. A coordinate list begins with {\fpp coolist:} as keyword. {\bf Example 1:} \begin{verbatim} ... idlist: HD 123 SAO 4321 *V RR LYR \end{verbatim} {\bf Example 2:} \begin{verbatim} ... coolist: 12 34 +56 01 2 12 45 -01 10 11 \end{verbatim} \end{enumerate} \section{SMBMAIL examples} Here are some complete examples: \subsection*{List of identifiers for which all data are required} \begin{verbatim} SIMBAD interrogation username: xxxxxx mailaddr: SPANOD::userid commands: maxdata idlist: HD 1 SAO 2 NGC 3 \end{verbatim} \subsection*{Simple query of a coordinate list} \begin{verbatim} SIMBAD interrogation username: xxxxxx mailaddr: XXXXXX::yyyy coolist: 12 30 +30 12 30 +40 12 30 +50 \end{verbatim} \subsection*{Sampling} Here the command section is alone and executes the query (a search of objects in a field). No list section is present. \begin{verbatim} SIMBAD interrogation username: xxxxxx mailaddr: XXXXXX::yyyy commands: /session use filter fff FIELD 12 30 +30 DIM 10/10 MB -2/+8 bye simbad search fff \end{verbatim} %==================================================== \chapter{Keeping a log of your session} %==================================================== \label{log}\index{!log}\index{!sendlog} Simbad offers you a very simple solution for keeping a log file of all (or a part of) your session, and mailing it back to your home computer. It is done by using the following commands: \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp log} & keeps a log of the session in a file `simbad.log' \\ \\ {\fpp sendlog } {\fvv user@node.domain} & sends the log file through e-mail (Internet) \\ {\fpp sendlog } {\fvv node::user} & \qquad (or DECNET--SPAN) \\ \end{tabular} The {\fpp log} command opens the file {\ttc simbad.log}. The command {\fpp sendlog} closes it, and mails it to the given address. The file {\ttc simbad.log} contains the SIMBAD output produced between the log and the sendlog command. The following commands will also be helpful\index{cont}\index{page}\index{undisplayed}\index{displayed}: \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp cont} & for continuous display mode \\ {\fpp page} & to restore page by page mode\\ \\ {\fpp undisplayed} & to stop screen display \\ {\fpp displayed} & to restore screen display \\ \end{tabular} These keywords are macros (see chapter~\ref{macro}), generating commands to the UIF (user interface) agent\index{agent/UIF}. Chapter~\ref{uif} describes in more details how to manage the user interface, the log file, and other output files. %==================================================== \chapter{SIMBAD Help} %==================================================== \label{help}\index{!help}\index{agent/help} At any prompt, you can obtain a context-sensitive\index{context} help by typing a question mark\index{?}: \reply{?} or a general help by typing \reply{help} Details about catalogue names can also be obtained from the {\fpp info} command\index{info}: \begin{tabular}{lp{11cm}} {\fpp info -help } & lists the main functionalities of the command \\ {\fpp info IAU} & lists the IAU Recommendations concerning Nomenclature \\ {\fpp info cati} {\em AB} & lists catalogues with acronyms starting with {\ttc AB} \\ {\fpp info cato} {\em X} & lists catalogues dealing with X-ray sources (object type) \\ {\fpp info cata} {\em Author} & lists catalogues with first author named {\ttc Author} \\ {\fpp info cat} {\em keyword} & lists catalogues according to presence of specified word in catalogue title or remarks \end{tabular} Use of the {\fpp -l} option provides a long description, including the authors, the bibliographical reference with the title of the paper. Example: {\fpp info -l cati }{\fvv name} The info command lists on the screen\footnote{using the Unix tool `More'} the contents of two files: \begin{enumerate} \item the first one is the list of catalogue abbreviations in SIMBAD ({\em Catalogue Acronyms and Abbreviations in SIMBAD\/}, also available as a separate printed document) giving the type of object, the catalogue acronym, reference and format as used in the database. \item the second gives complementary information from the {\em Dictionary of Nomenclature of Celestial Objects\/} produced and maintained at Observatoire de Paris by Lortet et al. Efforts are being made (with the support of IAU Commission 5) to solve existing discrepancies or ambiguities which may still appear in this field. \end{enumerate} You can view more pages by pushing the space bar, or quit by typing {\fpp q}. \bigskip The Help agent (named \agent{hhelp}) manages the hierarchical help system. It knows two verbs: {\fpp display} and {\fpp bye}, which has the standard effect. The command \replyo{help} (alias of hhelp display) displays the root of the hierarchical help. Navigating through the topics and subtopics is done in the same way as in the VAX/VMS hierarchical help system. The most current use of the help agent is to obtain the ``topic" screen associated with the current context. This is done by simply typing a question mark: ({\fpp ?}). %==================================================== \chapter{How to leave SIMBAD} %==================================================== \label{leave} When you have finished querying SIMBAD, type\index{stop}\index{quit the database}\index{exit a session}\index{session} at any prompt: \hspace{2.5cm} \reply{stop} in order to leave the database. \bigskip Typing the action verb \verbe{bye}\index{bye} will also allow you to leave the session: \prompt{Simbad search ->}\reply{bye} \prompt{***cds >} This new prompt is displayed when the software has answered all your other requests. You can type a complete command here like \replyo{simbad search ...} or like the one needed to leave SIMBAD: \prompt{***cds >}\reply{session exit} \replyo{stop} is a macro command equivalent to \replyo{session exit}. %********************************** %********************************** \part{MORE ABOUT SIMBAD FEATURES} %********************************** %********************************** %================================ \chapter{Simple SIMBAD concepts} %================================= \label{concept} For full understanding and maximum utilisation of SIMBAD, we must combine some simple concepts. You will find in this section definitions of the main concepts encountered in this first {\em Simbad\/} session: {\em commands, agents, verbs\/} and {\em parameters}. A first idea of the current context will also be given. A {\bf command}\index{command} is the complete instruction sent to the programme for execution. Every command has the following syntax: \medskip \begin{center} \index{agent}\index{verb} AGENT\qquad VERB\qquad PARAMETERS \end{center} \medskip The {\bf agent}\index{agent} is the main concept in Simbad: all requests from the user will be sent to agents. These requests are made by use of a \verbe{verb} and optionally {\fpp parameters}\index{parameter}. Each agent present in a session has a name. In the first session, we interacted with three different agents: \bigskip \begin{tabular}{lll} 1/& Simbad: &The SIMBAD database.\\ 2/& [HD 9902]: &The current astronomical object in this database.\\ 3/& Session: &The session\\ \end{tabular} \bigskip The {\bf verb}\index{verb} of the command defines the action requested from the agent. For instance: \begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1cm}}p{10cm}} {\fvv Simbad search}& is a request to {\em search} sent to the agent \agent{Simbad}.\\ {\fvv [HD 9902] display}& is a request sent to an astronomical object agent called [HD~9902], asking it to display the data.\\ {\fvv session exit}& is a request sent to the agent \agent{session} telling it to close the session.\\ \end{tabular} Each agent knows several commands to execute, depending on its abilities. The list of commands which can be sent to the agent which is in the current prompt may be obtained by typing \&\CarriageReturn\index{\&}. The same verb can be used for different agents (display, for instance, can be used to show the instructions in a format or a filter). Of course, each agent will perform the appropriate action when receiving a request. Agents having the same abilities are grouped in {\em categories}. We have already discovered the following categories\index{categories}: database, astronomical object and session. Several agents of a same category may exist in a session. For example, we are able to use several formats simultaneously, compare different astronomical objects and even query more than one database in the same session. \bigskip The {\bf parameters}\index{parameter (of a command)} depend on the command. For each command, there will be related parameters (or, maybe, no parameters). For instance, {\fpp HD 9902} ---an identifier--- is the parameter string for the command {\fpp simbad~search}. The command {\fpp session exit} takes no parameters. \vspace{0.5cm} {\bf Complete SIMBAD software capability is contained in the knowledge of the available agents, the action verbs for each agent and the possible parameters for each verb.} \vspace{0.5cm} The number of entities is not very high: about 10 agent categories, 5 to 10 verbs for each of them. The simple SIMBAD queries only use a fraction of those. \bigskip The management of a {\em current context} \index{current context}\index{context} helps the user by reducing typing: partial commands are built into the prompt, and the user has only to complete them. This context consists of an agent name alone, called the {\em current agent}, and a {\em current verb}, or eventually of a complete command: agent verb and parameters. Executing such a complete command requires only a \CarriageReturn\ from the user. This current context can be overwritten at any moment by typing another command, or just another request (verb and parameters) to the current agent. Let us consider, for example, some possible replies to the prompt\\ \prompto{[HD 9902] display ->} \begin{tabular}{ll} \CarriageReturn\ & \qquad generates the full display of the data \\ \replyo{basic} & \qquad is a parameter (display only basic data) \\ \replyo{bye} & \qquad is a verb for the agent [HD 9902]\index{bye} \\ \replyo{simbad search HR 5999} & \qquad is a new command sent to the agent simbad \\ \end{tabular} Interpreting\index{!command} a command typed by the user is always done in the following way: the programme looks if the first word is an agent name, or, if not, a verb known to the current agent. If none of them is recognized, then it considers that the user typed parameters for the current context. Here is a comparison which should help you to understand the organization of SIMBAD: \begin{quotation} {\em Simbad\/} works like a post office: in a post office, you find positions, and, in each of them, an agent trained to perform certain functions: selling stamps, receiving parcels to send, paying postal orders, and so on. Some of these agents may respond to several requests. Others send you to a colleague to carry out your request. SIMBAD can be seen as a collection of different agents, each executing specific functions through different commands. \end{quotation} Knowing how to use SIMBAD consists of knowing the abilities of all agents and how to interact with them (using commands). %================================ \chapter{The Contents of SIMBAD} %================================ \label{contents}\index{contents} The SIMBAD data base presently contains information for: \begin{itemize} \item about 650,000 stars; \item about 100,000 nonstellar objects (galaxies, planetary nebulae, clusters, novae and supernovae, etc.). \end{itemize} The only astronomical objects specifically excluded from SIMBAD are Solar System bodies. In the following, the word {\em object\/} will be used to designate a star, nonstellar object, or collection of objects such as a cluster, which contain individual entries in SIMBAD. For each object, the following data are included: \begin{itemize} \item basic data (coordinates, magnitudes, etc.) \item cross identifications \item observational data for more than twenty different data types. \item bibliographical references. \end{itemize} \section{Basic data} \index{basic data} The basic data are displayed immediately after the object has been retrieved (immediate format) or when typing {\fpp basic}\index{basic} (standard format). They consist of: \begalist{galaxies:} \item[stars]: object type, coordinates, spectral type, blue and visual magnitudes, and proper motion (including rms errors). \item[galaxies]: object type, coordinates, blue and visual integrated magnitudes, morphological type, and dimension. \end{list} \subsection{Object type} Presently SIMBAD contains a rough classification of objects into four categories: $$\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline code & definition \\ \hline * & star \\ G & galaxy \\ G* & object in an external galaxy \\ ? & nonstellar object (or unknown) \\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ A more detailed classification scheme is under study. \subsection{Coordinates} The coordinates are originally stored in the database for equinox\index{equinox} 1950.0. They can be computed at a different equinox (see chapter~\ref{coord} and the EQUINOX1 and COOEQUINOX variables). No change of epoch\index{epoch}, using the proper motions\index{proper motion}, is performed. This feature will be implemented later on, together with a move to the new J2000 IAU standard. The coordinates are of a various sources. When astrometric data are available (SAO\index{SAO} measurements or pos\index{pos}) the most accurate one has been selected. The coordinates are displayed according to a precision\index{precision} code (stored in SIMBAD together with the coordinates) which can have the following values: \smallarraystretch\par $$\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline code & definition \\ \hline 0 & 1 $^o$ \\ 1 & 1/10 $^o$ \\ 2 & 1 ' \\ 3 & 1/10 ' \\ 4 & 1 " \\ 5 & 1/10 " \\ 6 & 1/100 " \\ 7 & 1/1000 " \\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ \largearraystretch The default format gives equatorial coordinates at equinox 1950 and 2000, as well as galactic coordinates. This can be modified (see chapter~\ref{format}). Ecliptic coordinates can also be computed on request. \subsection{Magnitudes} $B$ and $V$ magnitudes\index{magnitude} are given, when possible, in the Johnson's UBV system. Both magnitudes may be followed by a semicolon meaning they cannot be made homogeneous to the UBV system. $B$ and $V$ magnitudes are separated by two columns which may contain the following flags: \begin{itemize} \item a `D' flags a joint magnitude in a double or multiple system\index{double system}; \item a `V' flags a variable magnitude\index{variable star} and is followed by a coded index giving a rough estimate of the amplitude: \medarraystretch\par $$\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline code & definition \\ \hline 1 & 1/100 mag. \\ 2 & 1/10 mag. \\ 3 & 1 mag. \\ 4 & more than 1 mag. \\ ? & suspected variable \\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ \largearraystretch \end{itemize} When possible the magnitudes have been taken from the UBV compilation of Mermilliod (Mermilliod, J.-C., 1987: A{\&}A Sup. 71, 413), and from an earlier work by Ochsenbein (1974: A\&A Sup. 15, 215). \subsection{Spectral type} \index{spectral type} The spectral types of stars have been selected in the Michigan Catalogues of Two-Dimensional Spectral Types for the HD stars (Houk N., 1975, and seq.), or in the bibliographical surveys of MK classifications (Jaschek M., 1978: CDS Inf. Bull. 15, 121). In the absence of a full MK classification, the HD spectral type is recorded. Most of the spectral types need less than 5 characters, but this field can be as long as 36 characters. Complete syntax is given in Appendix~\ref{spectral}. \subsection{Morphological type} \index{morphological type} The morphological types of galaxies have been selected from the Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies (UGC, Nilson 1973), the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies (MCG, Vorontsov-Vel'jaminov 1962-68), and other catalogues (see Dubois, Ochsenbein \& Paturel: 1983, Bull. Inf. CDS 24, 125). Complete syntax is given in Appendix~\ref{morphological}. \subsection{Proper motions} The proper motions\index{proper motion} ($\mu_\alpha \cos\delta, \mu_\delta$) are given in arcsec/year, together with their standard errors (in $1/1000$ arcsec.) within brackets. The source is SAO\index{SAO} or other astrometric catalogue (see PM\index{PM} and SAO measurements). \subsection{Dimensions of galaxies} \index{dimension} The following data, when available, are given for galaxies (for more details, see Dubois, Ochsenbein \& Paturel: 1983, Bull. Inf. CDS 24, 125): \begin{tabular}{lp{10cm}} $ \log D_{25}$ & is the logarithm of the major axis $a$ expressed in tenths of arc minutes; \\ $ \log R_{25}$ & is the logarithm of the ratio $a/b$ where $a$ and $b$ are the major and minor axis; \\ orientation & orientation angle (in degrees) \\ (inclination) & inclination (in units of 15{\deg} from 0 to 7) \end{tabular} \section{Cross--identifications} \index{cross identification}\index{identification} \subsection{Aliases} Cross--identifications of stars and galaxies have been searched for SIMBAD entries from about 400 source catalogues, included, either completely or partially, in the data bank. The list of {\em aliases\/}, thus constituted, is one of the unique features of the SIMBAD database. A list of the catalogues\index{catalogue} used is available as a separate document ({\em Catalogue Acronyms and Abbreviations in SIMBAD\/}). The {\fpp info cat} command (described in chapter~\ref{help}) gives access to an on-line database of catalogue descriptions, which is maintained up--to--date in coordination with the {\em Dictionary of Nomenclature for Celestial Objects\/} produced at Observatoire de Paris, Meudon\index{Observatoire de Paris} by M.-C. Lortet\index{Lortet} et al. \subsection{Multiple systems} It is to be noted that for a double system in which the components can be observed separately, SIMBAD will frequently include three entries: A and B components, and an additional entry for AB carrying the observational data and references related to the system as a whole. \section{Observational data} Observational data (also called {\em measurements\/})\index{measurement} are presently given for the following measurement types: \smallarraystretch \begin{tabular}{|ll|} \hline {\tt CEL} &Ultraviolet photometry from {\em Celescope} \\ {\tt GCRV} &Stellar Radial velocities\\ {\tt GEN} &$U B V B_1 B_2 V_1 G$ photometry in Geneva photometric system\\ {\tt GJ} &Absolute magnitudes and spatial velocities of nearby stars. \\ {\tt Hbet} &$H_\beta$ index (used in connection with Str\"omgren's uvby photometry)\\ {\tt HGAM} &$H_\gamma$ equivalent width \\ {\tt IRC} &KI photometry from {\em Two Micron Sky Survey}\\ {\tt JP11} &$UBVRIJKLMNH$ 11-colour Johnson's photometry\\ {\tt MK} &Stellar spectral classification in Morgan-Keenan system \\ {\tt PLX} &Trigonometric parallaxes \\ {\tt pm} &Proper motions (in 1950 equatorial frame)\\ {\tt pos} &Equatorial positions \\ {\tt ROT} &Rotational velocities ($V . \sin i$) \\ {\tt RVEL} &Radial velocities of extragalactic objects (quasars and galaxies)\\ {\tt SAO} &Positions and proper motions from SAO catalogue. \\ {\tt TD1} &Ultraviolet magnitudes from {\em TD1} experiment\\ {\tt UBV} & $UBV$ photometry in Johnson's photometric system\\ {\tt uvby} &Photometry in Str\"omgren's photometric system\\ {\tt V*} &Data related to variable stars\\ {\tt z} &Redshifts (of distant galaxies and quasars) \\ \hline \end{tabular} \largearraystretch For each type, one can retrieve individual data with their bibliographical references, and, when available, weighted means computed from existing observed values by specialists in each data type. A description of measurement types presently included in Simbad is given in Appendix~\ref{measurement}. \section{Bibliographical references} \index{!bibliography} \index{!reference code} Bibliography includes references to all published papers from the journals regularly scanned (currently about 85 titles; the list is given in Appendix~\ref{journal}). Articles are scanned in their entirety, and references to all objects mentioned are included in the bibliography. \subsection{Coding system} The {\em SIMBAD II\/} bibliographical reference code (such as {\ttc 88..1234}) is now replaced by a new coding system defined in cooperation with the staff of NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)\index{NED}, at IPAC. Reference codes have the following structure: \begin{center} YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA \end{center} where: \smallarraystretch \begin{itemlist}{5}{3.5}{1}{0} \item[YYYY] Year of the publication. \item[JJJJJ] A standard abbreviation for the journal. \item[VVVV] The volume number (for a journal) or one of the following abbreviations for another publication: \begin{tabular}{rl} B & book \\ C & catalogue \\ P & preprint \\ R & report \\ T & thesis \\ \end{tabular} \item[M] Specific qualifier for a paper:\\ \begin{tabular}{rl} L & letter \\ P & pink page \\ 1-9, A-K & fascicule number \\ Q-Z & article number in the page \\ \end{tabular} \item[PPPP] The page number. \item[A] The first letter of the name of the first author (or `:' if uncorrect or incomplete coding). \end{itemlist} \largearraystretch There are some exceptions to these rules, but they are of minor importance. {\em Example:} \hspace*{1cm} {\ttc 1991A\&A...246L..24M} for {\ttc Astron. Astrophys., 246, 24, 1991 (L)}, a letter to the Editor of A \& A, by Motch et al. \subsection{Updating} The bibliography is reasonably complete back to 1950 for stars, but only to 1983 for nonstellar objects (although many earlier papers are included for certain objects). \\ The updating\index{updating} of SIMBAD is a continuous daily process performed through a collaboration with the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris\index{IAP} and the Paris and Bordeaux observatories\index{Observatoire de Paris}\index{Observatoire de Bordeaux}. The bibliographers in Paris, Strasbourg, and Bordeaux input directly to SIMBAD from journals as they are received in the libraries. It is therefore highly probable that the references are completely up to date. \subsection{Query by bibliographical reference code} It is possible to obtain the complete bibliographical reference, from the reference code, by typing it in answer to the {\tt simbad search ->} prompt. A reference code can be supplied without indicating all the fields: the first reference corresponding to the truncated code will be displayed. However, at least three digits are needed. \footnotesize It is also possible to submit old SIMBAD II reference codes: truncated references can also be written, provided they contain at least three characters. For such queries, the new reference code is also given in return. \normalsize %========================================= \chapter{Managing an astronomical object} %========================================= \label{astrobj}\index{agent/astrobj} You will interact with an \agent{astronomical object}\index{!astronomical object} agent in several circumstances: As a result of a query by identifier, the database sets as current context the queried astronomical object, which is ready to be displayed. After a sample, when you ask the \agent{object list}\index{object list} agent to display a specific object, this object will come in front of you, as a new agent. You can also \verbe{keep}\index{keep} an object and refer to it at any moment during the session. \bigskip An \agent{astronomical object} agent has a name related with its origin. After an interrogation by identifier, the agent receives the name of the identifier used to query it, for example: {\tt [HD 9902]}. In an object list, the \agent{astronomical object} agent has the name of the \agent{object list} agent, followed by the number of the object in the list. If it is a kept \agent{astronomical object}, the name may be given by yourself in the \verbe{keep} command. \bigskip An \agent{astronomical object} agent knows the following actions: \begin{itemlist}{3}{2}{.5}{0} \item[\verbe{display}] Such a command displays\index{display} the astronomical object according to the current format (defined by the environment variable FM-STANDARD, see chapter~\ref{format}: ``Defining formats''). By default, a very general format displaying all data is proposed. The \verbe{display} command accepts, as parameters, names of format entries. This allows you to get specific data displayed as long as you interact with the \agent{astronomical object} agent. The standard format provided by the system (see chapter~\ref{format}) has the following entries: \begin{tabular}{lp{9.5cm}} {\fpp basic}\index{basic}&basic data: object type\index{object type}, coordinates, magnitudes, spectral type (or morphological type), proper motions (or dimensions for galaxies) \\ {\fpp id}\index{id} & identifier list (aliases) \\ {\fpp data}\index{data} & observational measurements \\ {\fvv cat}\index{catalogue} & measurements from catalogue {\fvv cat} (example: {\ttc UBV} or {\ttc SAO} \\ {\fpp all}\index{all} & all the observational measurements \\ {\fpp ndata}\index{ndata} & displays the number of observational measurements \\ {\fpp bib}\index{bib} & bibliographical codes and text. \\ {\fpp bibcode}\index{bibcode} & bibliographical codes. Displaying only the codes is useful when you have a long list of objects, having often common references. Each displayed reference code is put in a \agent{reference list} agent, and this list will be displayed once automatically at the end of the session. It can be also displayed at any moment by typing {\fpp reftext} ---a macro command asking \verbe{display} to the reflist agent.\\ {\fpp nbib}\index{nbib} & lists the number of references (in the range set by the BIBYEARS\index{bibyears} variable). \\ \end{tabular} \item[\verbe{keep}] To keep the astronomical object in the session. If you do not keep it, it will be replaced by the next one accessed. Adding a name to the command will change the current name of the agent. \item[\verbe{bye}] To leave the \agent{astronomical object} agent\index{bye}. \end{itemlist} %======================================= \chapter{Sampling and defining filters} %======================================= \label{filter}\index{!filter}\index{agent/filter} Sampling consists of interrogation of the data bank according to the specific criteria you define. Objects are selected according to these criteria and a list of selected objects is presented. Sampling is done in two steps: \begin{itemize} \item First, you need to choose a name ({\fvv filtername} in the following) and create a \agent{filter} agent containing the sample criteria written as a set of instructions. Such \agent{filters} can be kept from one session to another. So, if the filter already exists, you need just to load it into the session. \item Then, you send a command to \prompto{simbad search ->} with the filter name as parameter, preceded by a quote character (as explained in chapter~\ref{sampling}). \end{itemize} The sample results are managed by an \agent{object list} agent (described in chapter~\ref{objlist}). \section{Defining a filter} %---------------------------------------------------------------------- You get access to an existing filter, or define a new one, through the following command: {\fpp session use filter}\quad{\fvv filtername} \hspace{0.5cm} where {\em filtername\/} is the name of the filter you want to use for sampling the database. After this command, if the filter named {\em filtername\/} already exists, it becomes available in the session, for modification (through \command{{\fvv filtername}}{set}{}) or immediate use in a query (\command{database}{search}{'\fvv filtername}). If no filter agent exists under the name {\em filtername\/}, a new one is created, and the command \command{{\fvv filtername}}{set}{} is automatically invoked to allow defining the sampling criteria. This can be done on a line-by-line mode (entering the criteria one after the other, at the {\tt filtername set ->} prompt) or through a text editor, by pushing the [CR] key as an answer to the prompt. Usage of the text editor is described in chapter~\ref{vi}. \section{Writing filtering instructions} %--------------------------------------- A filtering instruction corresponds to one criterion. Each criterion comprises a keyword and parameters, generally made of a lower limit and an upper limit or some name. \begin{tabular}{ll} Example:& {\ttc MB 6.5/9.0}\\ & {\ttc DATA SAO}\\ \end{tabular} Criteria can be combined in the following way: \begin{itemize} \item Criteria written on different lines correspond to the {\ttc AND} operator: \begin{verbatim} MB 6.5/9.0 DATA SAO \end{verbatim} Select all objects having magnitude $B$ between 6.5 and 9.0 {\bf and} having SAO data. \item Criteria written on one line separated by a '{\tt |}' character correspond to the {\ttc OR} operator: \begin{verbatim} MB 6.5/9.0 | MV 6.0/8.5 \end{verbatim} Select all objects having $B$ magnitude between 6.5 and 9.0 {\bf or} $V$ magnitude between 6.0 and 8.5. \item The {\ttc !} character is a {\ttc NOT} operator for the criteria concerning basic data other than coordinates, and for catalogues and measurements: \begin{verbatim} DATA !UBV MB !6.5/8.0 \end{verbatim} Select all objects which do {\bf not} have $UBV$ data, and with $B$ magnitudes which are {\bf not} in the range 6.5 to 9.0 mag. \end{itemize} Any number of instructions and criteria may be written in one filter. The total size of the resulting sample is not limited. All available instructions for defining a filter are described in the next section. \section{Sampling criteria} %-------------------------- These descriptions make use of the following conventions: \begin{tabular}{lp{12cm}} \keyword{RADIUS} & An underlined word is a keyword and must be written like it is given\\ \begin{alternative} C \\ CG \\ CE \\ \end{alternative} & Represents an alternative. Only one of the terms must be chosen\\ \default{C} & Is a default value: if you choose it, you don't need to type it (example: the letter C --- for equatorial coordinates --- in the CIRCLE or FIELD criteria)\\ \optional{n} & Shows an optional parameter\\ \end{tabular} \subsection{Criteria concerned with coordinates and fields.} {\bf Note:} In general a set of criteria should include some limitations in coordinates. These limitations allow to define a range of coordinate boxes which includes the requested area: all the objects from these boxes are read and checked against the whole set of criteria. SIMBAD has been divided for that into small regions allowing an optimized access by coordinates. When a set of criteria includes no limits in sky position, the complete database is to be scanned. \filtercriteria{CIRCLE} { \begin{alternative} \default{C}\quad \alpha\quad \delta \\ CG\quad {\ell}_{II}\quad b_{II}\quad \\ CE\quad lon\quad lat\quad \\ \end{alternative} \keyword{RADIUS} radius } {Retrieves all objects in a circle defined by the coordinates of the center and the radius (in degrees). The equinox is defined by the filter criterion EQUINOX, see below (default: 1950.0).} {CIRCLE 12 30 +75 10 RADIUS 4 30 \\ CIRCLE CG 120.3 -43.0 RADIUS 6}\index{equinox} \filtercriteria{FIELD} { \begin{alternative} \default{C}\quad \alpha\quad \delta \\ CG\quad {\ell}_{II}\quad b_{II}\quad \\ CE\quad lon\quad lat\quad \\ \end{alternative} \keyword{DIM} long/lat } {Retrieves all objects in a rectangle defined by its center and full dimensions (in degrees). The equinox is defined by the filter criterion EQUINOX, see below (default: 1950.0).} {FIELD 0 15 -00 0 DIM 5/5} \filtercriteria{EQUINOX}{$year$} {Changes the value of the equinox used in criteria CIRCLE and FIELD. Use it only if you want to modify the default value (1950.0). It can be written as a decimal number, and should be given before the CIRCLE or FIELD criteria.} {EQUINOX 2000.0} \filtercriteria{RA}{$\alpha_0/\alpha_1$} {Defines limits in right ascension at equinox 1950.0.} {RA 12 30/14 00} \filtercriteria{DEC}{$\delta_{min}/\delta_{max}$} {Defines limits in declination at equinox 1950.0.} {DEC -02/+03} \subsection{Criteria concerning other basic data:} \filtercriteria{MB}{$B_{min}/B_{max}$} {Limits in $B$ magnitude. They can be given with a precision up to $1/100$.}{MB 0/6.5} \filtercriteria{MV}{$V_{min}/V_{max}$} {Limits in $V$ magnitude. They can be given with a precision up to $1/100$.}{MV 8.31/8.75} \filtercriteria{B-V}{$B-V_{min}/B-V_{max}$} {$B-V$ limits. They can be given with a precision up to $1/100$.}{B-V 0.2/0.5} \filtercriteria{PM}{lower/upper} {Total proper motion limits: $\mu = \sqrt{\mu_\alpha^2+\mu_\delta^2}$. The units are arcsec/yr.}{PM 0.1/1.0} \filtercriteria{SP}{min/max spectral type} {Limits in spectral types. The specified limits refer to three independent values: temperature class, luminosity class and peculiarities. See also: SPT \& SPL criteria. The way spectral types are coded in SIMBAD is described in an Appendix.} {SP F0I/G5III} \filtercriteria{SPT}{min/max temperature class} {Limits in temperature class. This specialized criteria can be manipulated more easily than the general one $SP$.} {SPT B5/A9} \filtercriteria{SPL}{min/max Luminosity class} {Limits in luminosity class.} {SPL Ia/II} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %\filtercriteria{SPP}{}{\sl Not yet available}{???} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \filtercriteria{OBJECT}{object type} {Selects according to the object type. Possible values: {\ttc *, G, ?, G*}: for star, galaxy, nonstellar object, and star in external galaxy.} {OBJECT G}\index{object type} \subsection{Criteria concerning catalogues and measurements:} \filtercriteria{CAT}{catalogue name} {Selects objects only when they have an identifier in the specified catalogue.} {CAT HD {\tt |} SAO {\tt |} GC} \filtercriteria{DATA}{measurement name} {Select those objects which have measurements in the specified catalogue.} {DATA UBV} \subsection{Criteria concerning bibliography} \filtercriteria{BIB}{$year_{min}/year_{max}$} {Selects objects having references in the specified limits.} {BIB 1985/1990} \section{Submitting the sampling query} %--------------------------------------- This is made by sending to the agent \agent{simbad} the name of a previously defined filter. The name should be preceded by a quote ({\tt '}). The reason for that was given in the chapter~\ref{sampling}: ``How to create a list of objects''. Your command will look like: \prompt{Simbad search ->}\reply{'\fvv filtername} {\bf Example}: You have prepared a filter named {\fpp calib} and containing the following instructions: \begin{verbatim} FIELD 18 35.2 +38 44 DIM 5/5 MV 6.5/9.0 DATA UBV | uvby \end{verbatim} You submit it by replying: \prompt{Simbad search ->}\reply{'calib} to the main prompt. A list of the astronomical objects belonging to the given field, and fulfilling the other specified criteria will be generated. \bigskip Sampling generates an \agent{object list} agent. It is available after the sampling command for displaying objects, be saved, etc. How it works is described in the chapter~\ref{objlist}: ``Managing an object list''. %================================ \chapter{Managing an Object list} %================================ \label{objlist}\index{!object list}\index{agent/objlist} A SIMBAD query resulting in a list of retrieved objects generates an \agent{object list} agent which remains available after the query. This \agent{object list} can be used temporarily, for the duration of the session, to display the individual objects it contains. Different ways of displaying are available. The list can also be kept from one session to the other, and maintained as a list of interesting objects. You can add individual objects to such a list, merge different lists generated independently, and perform several other functions. These \agent{object list} agents have an automatic or explicit naming convention. \section{Object list naming convention} %-------------------------------------- When making a query which generates an object list, if you do not specify a name for the \agent{object list} agent, it will be automatically named according to the following system: the $n$th list generated within a session is named: {\tt {\em database\_name}\,-\,list\,$n$}\qquad (ex: {\tt simbad-list1}). All agents with such names are destroyed at the beginning of the following session. You can give an explicit name to an \agent{object list} agent by two ways: \begin{enumerate} \item specifying an object list name when submitting the filter query: \command{simbad}{search}{\fvv filtername\quad objectlistname} \item or further during the session, by renaming the agent: \command{{\fvv object\_list}}{name}{\fvv newname} \end{enumerate} \agent{Object list} agents having such names are kept from one session to the other. \section{Displaying an object list} %---------------------------------- The command \command{{\fvv object\_list}}{display}{\fvv parameters} allows to display the objects contained in an object list. There are three possible parameters: \begin{tabular}{cp{12cm}} {\fpp all} & to display all astronomical objects using the current format \\ {\fvv n} & to display object {\fvv \#n} in the list. \\ {\fvv +n} & to display {\fvv n} objects from the current one in the list\\ \end{tabular} \section{Object list operations} %------------------------------- {\bf Note}: {\sl The features of this section are not yet available.} You can perform several operations on \agent{object list} agents: \command{{\fvv objlist}}{add}{\fvv astrobject} \\ \command{{\fvv objlist}}{del}{\fvv astrobject} \\ \command{{\fvv objlist1}}{and}{\fvv objlist2} \\ \command{{\fvv objlist1}}{or}{\fvv objlist2} \\ \command{{\fvv objlist1}}{not}{\fvv objlist2} \\ \section{Managing an object list} %-------------------------------- {\bf Note}: {\sl The features of this section are still under development.} Several commands allows you to manage an object list: \command{{\fvv objlist}}{describe}{}\\ \command{{\fvv objlist}}{kill}{}\\ \command{{\fvv objlist}}{set}{comment \fvv text}\\ \command{{\fvv objlist}}{name}{\fvv newname}\\ %========================== \chapter{Defining formats} %========================== \label{format}\index{!format}\index{agent/format} All output presentation for data, on screen or on file, are defined through \agent{format} agents. During a session, three differents formats are used in three different circumstances: \begin{itemize} \item An immediate format\index{immediate format}.\\ It is used for the immediate output when an object is accessed by identifier or by its number in an \agent{object list}. \item A standard format\index{standard format}.\\ This format is used while querying data related to a retrieved astronomical object through the command \command{{\fvv astrobj}}{display}{}. It may contain named sub--entries which can be given as parameters to the command. \item A list format\index{list format}.\\ Which is used for brief displaying of object list (one line per object), through the command \command{{\fvv objlist}}{display}{all} \end{itemize} The software provides default formats for these three usages. As long as you are satisfied with them, you don't need to read the remainder of this chapter. \section{Getting your own formats in the session} %------------------------------------------------ Defining and using your own formats in SIMBAD is made through the following steps: \begin{enumerate} \item Create or acquire a new format. There are two ways of doing this: \begin{itemize} \item The command \command{session}{use}{format\quad \fvv formatname} loads an existing format with the given name. If none exists, then a \agent{format} agent with this name is created, you receive the prompt \prompto{format-name set ->} and you may write the format instructions (see 2.). \item The command \command{{\fvv formatname}}{clone}{\fvv new\_name} copies\index{clone} an existing format (a default format or a format you have created; in this case it must be loaded in the session by the previous command), allowing you to modify it, rather than writing all instructions from scratch. With this command, you will be able to copy in your own environment the default formats and edit them. \end{itemize} \item Write instructions or edit the format. This is done through the command: \command{{\fvv formatname}}{set}{} You can then choose to enter the format instructions on a line-by-line basis (as answers to the {\tt formatname set ->} prompt) or enter the editor (see chapter~\ref{vi}) by first pushing the [CR] key. This will allow you to display, write or edit the instructions for the format. Note that the last instruction of your format should be: FIN. \item Make the format available to use. Even when loaded in the session, and having its instructions, a format is still inactive: dozen of formats can be present in the session, the programme needs a way to know which one it should use. This is done through environment variables\index{environment variable}. Three variables define the formats to use in the three different cases defined above. They are\index{FM-IMMEDIATE}\index{FM-STANDARD}\index{FM-LIST}: \begin{tabular}{lp{11cm}} FM-IMMEDIATE& for the immediate format used when accessing an object\\ FM-STANDARD & for the standard format used by \\ & \command{{\fvv astrobj}}{display}{}\\ FM-LIST & for the format used for lists in tabular form\\ \end{tabular} You can check the current value of these variables by asking the \agent{env} agent to display its variables (chapter~\ref{env}): \command{env}{display}{} And you will find, among other variables\footnote{The names of the variables (FM-IMMEDIATE, FM-STANDARD, FM-LIST) are typed in upper case letters. The names of the default formats are the same names, but written in lower-case letters.}: \begin{verbatim} FM-IMMEDIATE="fm-immediate" FM-STANDARD="fm-standard" FM-LIST="fm-list" \end{verbatim} To link your own format to one or several session formats, you need to redefine the corresponding environment variables by the command: \command{env}{set}{{\fvv VARIABLE} = \fvv yourformat} where {\em VARIABLE} may be any of the environment variables described above\footnote{We recommend using upper-case letters for the variable name and lower-case letters for the format name}. From this moment on, your format will become active when needed. \item Make the format change permanent We have described how to define new formats and make them available to the session. But, while the format file will be kept from one session to another in your directory, it will be replaced by the default formats at the beginning of a new session, unless you modify your user command file. This file contains commands which are executed at the beginning of each session, before you receive the first prompt (it is equivalent to a {\ttc login.com} file on VMS, a {\ttc .login} or {\ttc .profile} file on UNIX for instance). You have access to this file, for editing, through a command addressed to the \agent{user} agent (see chapter~\ref{user}). The name of your user agent is {\em your username}: \command{{\fvv username}}{set}{cmdfile}\index{cmdfile} which calls the text editor. To make a format permanently available, you need to enter the following commands\index{/}\footnote{The `/' character allows to address a command to an agent ---session or env, here--- without making it the current agent; the bye is an answer to the prompt `{\tt yourformat set ->}' generated by the `session use'}: {\ttc /session use format yourformat \\ bye \\ /env set FM-IMMEDIATE=yourformat } to change the immediate format for instance. You can of course change all formats. \end{enumerate} \section{How to build a format} %---------------------------------------------------- Formatting instructions are written using an embedded text editor inside Simbad software. By default, this editor is the {\it vi} UNIX editor (see chapter~\ref{vi}). Formatting instructions are written in the order you want the data to appear. Maximum line length will drive line skips where skips are not explicitly specified. There are two kinds of formatting instructions. \begin{itemize} \item {\bf data instructions:}\quad These instructions trigger the displaying of some data: COO for coordinates, MES for measurements, etc. \item {\bf presentation instructions:}\quad They are concerned with the disposition of data on the output: SKIP to skip lines, TEXT to insert some general text and so on. \end{itemize} A formatting instruction consists of four parts: \begin{enumerate} \item {\bf Instruction name}\\ This name defines the instruction, like COO, TEXT, SKIP, etc... The complete list is defined below. \item {\bf General presentation parameters (gparm)}\\ Enclosed in parenthesis, these parameters have the following syntax: \centerline{\ttc (output-length, \optional{"introduction text"})} The {\ttc output-length} is used to give a fixed length to the displayed data. Otherwise, the length will be adjusted to the length of the data. This is especially useful for table output. The {\ttc introduction text} will be written in front of the corresponding data. This part of an instruction is optional. \item {\bf Specific parameters}\\ These parameters depend on the instruction and may have different syntaxes. They will be described for each instruction later on. \item {\bf Subfield definition (subfields)}\\ This part of an instruction allows you to select fields in the data. You need of course to know exactly how the data is usually displayed to be able to select the right fields. An appendix and on-line help gives you templates for each data type. Subfield definition has the following syntax: \centerline{\ttc (pos,lg\optional{,text}\qquad pos,lg\optional{,text}\quad ...)} As many subfield as you want can be defined. Text should be within quotes. The order can be modified and fields can overlap. Each field is defined by its position {\ttc pos} and its length {\ttc lg}. {\ttc text} is optional: if present, it will be displayed after the subfield. Don't use this instruction element if you want the whole data. \end{enumerate} Alternative displays: You can define in a format alternative data to be displayed if one is absent. This is done by writing the different instructions separated by {\tt `|'}. Examples: You want to display in a file stars and galaxies. The first have proper motions, the later have dimensions. You can display these informations in a same column by writting the instruction: \begin{verbatim} PM (24) | DIM \end{verbatim} You want a column with one identifier: HD if it exists, SAO if not, V* if nor HD, nor SAO exist, and at last, if none of all them exists, the first identifier present. This can be done with the instruction: \begin{verbatim} ID HD | SAO | V* | 1 \end{verbatim} The following paragraph will contain the complete list of formatting instructions. For each of them, you will find the complete syntax and the description of the specific parameters. An example will also be given. \section{The formatting instructions} %------------------------------------------------------ \subsection*{Presentation instructions} \formatinstr{SKIP \optional{n}} {Skip $n$ lines. The default is skip to the next line.} {SKIP 3}\index{SKIP} \formatinstr{TEXT {\tt "}{\fvv text}{\tt "}} {The text will be written at the current position. The example shows how to separate columns by a vertical line in a table output.} {TEXT {\tt "|"}}\index{TEXT} \formatinstr{IC 'c' n} {Insert the specified character $c$, $n$ times. Use the example to draw an horizontal line 80 char. wide.} {IC '-' 80}\index{IC} \formatinstr{FIN} {Finish the formatting programme. This must be the last instruction. It has no parameters.} {FIN}\index{FIN} \formatinstr{\# {\fvv comment line}} {This line is a comment line available, for your own use, in the format file. The {\bf COM} keyword has the same effect.} {\# This is my first format !}\index{COM}\index{\#} \formatinstr{LLG \fvv length} {Defines the size of the output record (maximum value: 1000). The default value is 80 characters. \\ This can be used when creating an output file with the `{\tt >}' special command (see chapter~\ref{uif}).} {LLG 132}\index{LLG}\index{record length} \subsection{Data instructions} \formatinstr{OBJID \optional{gparm}} {Display a general identifier for the astronomical object. It depends on the origin of the object: If it comes from an interrogation by identifier, then it is the identifier which has been given as a search key. If it comes from a list, then it is the sequential number of the object in the list.\\ In the following example we leave 10 characters for displaying the object identifier. } {OBJID (10)}\index{OBJID} \formatinstr{ID [gparm] \begin{alternative} A \optional{*} \\ 1 \\ {\fvv catname}\quad \optional{+} $ \optional{ N={\fvv nb}} $ \end{alternative}} {Display identifiers. The options are: \begin{itemize} \item {\bf A \optional{*}}\\ Display all identifiers, with a tabulation value of 25 columns. An appended `$*$' suppresses tabulation, and provides a more compact display. \item {\bf 1}\\ Displays the first identifier, independently from which catalogue it comes. \item {\fvv catname}\quad Displays the identifier from the specified catalogue. \\ N = {\fvv nb} \quad may limit the number of occurrences of ids from this catalogue, in exceptional cases when several identifiers from the same catalog do exist.\\ {\ttc +} generates right justification of the identifier. \end{itemize} } {ID A \\ ID HD {\tt "|"} SAO {\tt "|"} NGC }\index{ID} \formatinstr{COO \optional{gparm} \begin{alternative} Q \\ G \\ E \\ \end{alternative} \optional{{\fvv equinox}} \optional{{\fvv precision}}} {Equatorial (Q) ---default value--- Galactic (G) or Ecliptic (E) coordinates. \\ The default value for the equinox is 1950.0. It can be written as a decimal number.\par The precision is a code which can have the following values: \smallarraystretch\par $$\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline code & definition \\ \hline 0 & 1 $^o$ \\ 1 & 1/10 $^o$ \\ 2 & 1 ' \\ 3 & 1/10 ' \\ 4 & 1 " \\ 5 & 1/10 " \\ 6 & 1/100 " \\ 7 & 1/1000 " \\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ \largearraystretch If not specified, the precision will be the one associated with the coordinates in the database. The letter {\fpp p} instead of a code generates the display of the SIMBAD precision code, within parentheses. \\ A precision code followed by a `!' force the coordinates to the given value even if it is smaller in Simbad. } {COO (27,{\tt "}Eq. coord = {\tt "}) \quad Q \quad 1990.0 \quad 4 \\ COO (27) 1950.0 \quad 5!} \index{COO} \formatinstr{MAG \optional{gparm} \optional{subfields}} {Displays the magnitudes contained in the basic data field.} {MAG (8,{\tt "}mb={\tt "}) (1,6) \qquad ... will display MB on 8 chars}\index{MAG} \formatinstr{PM \optional{gparm} \optional{subfields}} {Displays the proper motions contained in the basic data field.} {PM (20)}\index{PM} \formatinstr{DIM \optional{gparm} \optional{subfields}} {Displays the dimensions of galaxies contained in the basic data field.} {DIM (20)}\index{DIM} \formatinstr{SP \optional{gparm} \optional{{\fvv length}}} {Displays the spectral type stored as basic data. {\fvv length} defines the number of bytes that are displayed. Most of the spectral types need less than 5 chars, but this field can be as long as 36 chars. Default length is 10 chars. A different value can be given in the {\it gparm} field in the sense that you can display 10 chars of a spectral type in a 20 char. wide column.} {SP 15}\index{SP} \formatinstr{MT \optional{gparm} \optional{length}} {Displays the morphological type of galaxies. Same syntax as {\bf SP}.} {MT 10}\index{MT} \formatinstr{OBJECT \optional{gparm} \optional{E}} {Displays the object type (star or galaxy) as follows: $*$ (star), G (Galaxy), G$*$ (star in external galaxy), or {\tt ?} (other non-stellar object). The {\bf E} (Extended) option displays the object type as a full word (star, galaxy).} {OBJECT (2)}\index{OBJECT}\index{object type} \formatinstr{MES [gparm] \begin{alternative} A \\ {\fvv cat} \\ \end{alternative} \begin{alternative} F \\ M \\ A \\ N \\ \end{alternative} \optional{ H } \optional{ B \optional{{\fvv y1} \optional{,{\fvv y2}}}} \optional{subfields}} {Display measurements. The different options are:\\ \begin{itemize} \item First option \begin{alternative} A \\ cat \\ \end{alternative} \qquad{\bf A}ll catalogues, or the one specified by its name. The standard formats use here the environment variable {\fpp MESCAT} (default value: {\bf A})\index{MESCAT}. \item Second option \begin{alternative} F \\ M \\ A \\ N \\ \end{alternative} \qquad To select {\bf F}irst, {\bf M}ean or {\bf A}ll measurements, or give the {\bf N}umber of measurements. If no mean value exists, the first measurement is displayed. The standard formats use here the environment variable {\fpp MESTYP} (default value: {\bf A})\index{MESTYP}. \item Third option \optional{ H } \qquad To print the column {\bf H}eaders. \item Fourth option \optional{ B \optional{{\em y1} \optional{,{\em y2}}}} To display the bibliographic text immediately, and eventually restrict the one displayed by limiting the year range ({\sl not yet implemented}). \end{itemize} } {MES PLX A \\ MES MESCAT MESTYP H}\index{MES} \formatinstr{REF \optional{gparm} \begin{alternative} \# \\ {\fvv nb} \\ T \\ \end{alternative} \optional{{\fvv y1},{\fvv y2}}} {Display bibliographical reference information according to the following options: \begin{itemize} \item {\bf \#}\\ displays the number of references. \item {\fvv nb}\\ displays $nb$ reference codes by line.\\ These codes are collected by a \agent{reference list} agent for which a command \verbe{display} will display, but only once for each code, the reference test. This is automatically triggered at the end of a session. \item {\bf T}\\ displays immediately the text for each reference. \item {\bf \optional{{\fvv y1},{\fvv y2}}} Limits the display to the specified year limits. \end{itemize} } {REF T}\index{REF} \bigskip Chapter~\ref{default} gives the full printout of the three main default formats. These formats can be used as templates. \subsection{Example} In the following example we will produce a format giving, in one line per object, a selected identifier, coordinates in a unified format (to the tenth of arcsec.), magnitudes and object type. The identifier will be chosen in the following catalogues (in that order): HD, BD, CD, CPD, V*, NGC, IC, or the first one appearing in the database. In order to create the above format as {\fpp ff}, and replace the default (immediate) format by this one, the following command sequence can be used: {\tt simbad search ->} {\fpp /session use format ff} \\ {\tt ff set ->} \\ \mbox{}\qquad {\em here, type \CarriageReturn, then {\bf i} for input mode, then enter the text of the format:} \begin{verbatim} ID(20) HD|BD|CD|CPD|V*|WD|GD|NGC|ID IC|1 TEXT "|" COO (27) 1950.0 5! | IC ' ' 27 TEXT "|" MAG (16) (1,16," ") | IC ' ' 17 TEXT "|" OBJECT (2) FIN \end{verbatim} \mbox{}\qquad {\em type [esc] then {\bf :wq} for leaving the editor} \\ {\tt ff set ->} {\fpp bye} \\ {\tt simbad search ->} {\fpp /env set FM-IMMEDIATE=ff} Interrogating Simbad for one object we get the following output: \begin{verbatim} simbad search -> HR 5999 HD 144668 |16 05 12.78 -38 58 22.7 | 7.41 7.05|* \end{verbatim} %============================== \chapter{Environment variables} %============================== \label{env}\index{!env}\index{!environment variable} The software uses a certain number of general parameters, which are made available to the user through environment variables. These variables are maintained by an agent called \agent{env}. Actions that can be asked to it are: \verbe{display} to get the list of the currently defined variables and \verbe{set} to define a new variable or modify an existing one. The command \command{env}{display}{} gives the following display, showing the default values of all system defined variables: \begin{verbatim} BIBYEARS = "1850/1992" COOEQUINOX = "1950.0" COORADIUS = "0 10" EDITOR = "vi" EQUINOX1 = "1950.0" EQUINOX2 = "2000.0" FM-BIBLIOGRAPHY = "fm-bibtxt" FM-IMMEDIATE = "fm-immediate" FM-LIST = "fm-list" FM-STANDARD = "fm-standard" MESCAT = "A" MESTYP = "A" \end{verbatim} You can modify all these variables. You can also have them permanently modified by writing the corresponding commands in your user command file. This is described in the section ``Getting your own formats'' of the chapter~\ref{format}: ``Defining formats''. You can also create new variables (to be used in your own formats for instance). \bigskip Here is a short description of these variables (for more information use the index at the end of this User's Guide):\index{BIBYEARS}\index{COOEQUINOX}\index{COORADIUS}\index{EDITOR} \index{EQUINOX1}\index{EQUINOX2}\index{FM-IMMEDIATE}\index{FM-LIST} \index{FM-STANDARD}\index{MESCAT}\index{MESTYP} \begin{tabular}{lp{11cm}} BIBYEARS & Used in default formats to set up the limits of years when displaying the bibliography. \\ COOEQUINOX & Equinox of input coordinates in query by coordinates \\ COORADIUS & Radius used in query by coordinates (degrees) \\ EDITOR & Editor used for format, filter or user command file editing\\ EQUINOX1 & First equinox. This variable is used by all default formats\\ EQUINOX2 & Second equinox. This variable is used to display a second set of equatorial coordinates in the default standard format\\ FM-IMMEDIATE & Immediate format definition (see chapter~\ref{format})\\ FM-LIST & List format definition\\ FM-STANDARD & Standard format definition\\ MESCAT & Measurement catalog(s) to display. This is a variable used by the default standard format (see chapter~\ref{format}\\ MESTYP & Type of measurement to display. This is a variable used by the default standard format\\ \end{tabular} These variables can be used inside a format (or filter): an example is MESCAT and MESTYP, used in the {\ttc fm-standard} default\index{fm-standard} format. In this case, if you modify these variables using the command \command{env}{set}{VAR=\fvv value}, the format itself (for instance {\ttc fm-standard}) will not be immediately modified, unless you type the command \command{format}{compil}{}. And that would have to be done for each format using that variable. In this case, we recommend to use the command \command{session}{define}{agent-class\quad {\fvv variable}={\fvv value}}\index{session/define} which modifies the corresponding environment variable {\bf and} recompiles all formats or filters present in the session. %===================== \chapter{The session} %===================== \label{session}\index{!session}\index{agent/session} The \agent{session} agent manages the interaction between the user and all other agents in the programme. \begin{enumerate} \item {\bf For ending the session:} %----- You have to ask the \agent{session} agent to \verbe{exit}: \command{session}{exit}{}\\ This can also be done by typing \replyo{stop}. \item {\bf For accessing or creating new agents in a session:} %----- This is done through a command like: \command{session}{use}{\fvv agent-class\quad agent-name} The agent classes for which such a command is available are: \smallarraystretch \begin{tabular}{lp{13cm}} database \qquad &to have access to another simbad-like database \\ format &to load or create a new format agent\\ filter &to load or create a new filter agent\\ objlist &to recall a previously created object list\\ \end{tabular} \largearraystretch \item {\bf For modifying format or filter variables} Formats and filters can contain environment variables (chapter~\ref{env}) such as: MESCAT, MESTYP, etc.\index{!environment variable}\index{MESCAT}\index{MESTYP} If you modify these variables using the command \command{env}{set}{VAR=\fvv value}, the format itself will not be immediately modified, unless you type the command \command{format}{compil}{}. And that would have to be done for each format using that variable. The command \command{session}{define}{\fvv agent-class\quad variable=value}\index{session/define} modifies (or creates) the corresponding environment variable and recompiles all formats or filters present in the session. \end{enumerate} %===================================== \chapter{Managing the user interface} %===================================== \label{uif}\index{!uif}\index{user interface}\index{agent/uif} The user interface (\agent{uif}) agent is used for managing the input/output aspects of SIMBAD. It is based on Proteus/Termwindows\index{Proteus/Termwindows}, an uif toolbox for input/output softwares, developed at ESO and ST-ECF (Garching). This agent ({\sl still under development\/}) presently provides two modes of input/output: \begin{enumerate} \item {\bf a line-by-line (tty) mode}\index{tty mode} which can be used on any kind of terminals. It allows line by line prompting and answering. Every display is done line after line. This is presently the default value. \item {\bf a full-screen mode:}\index{full screen mode} which makes use of the Proteus/Termwindows tools. Prompts, data displays, error displays, auxiliary information display, are done on different independent windows. \end{enumerate} It is possible to change the input/output mode, but also to modify the source of the input (either terminal keyboard or file) and the output (screen or/and file). The page display mode (either page by page (20 lines) or continuous) can also be controlled. \bigskip The user interacts with the \agent{uif} agent with two verbs: \verbe{bye}\index{bye} (standard), and \verbe{set}. The command \command{uif}{set}{} accepts the following parameters: {\fpp screen}\index{screen}: \qquad This parameter has the possible values : {\fpp simple}\index{simple}, {\fpp usual}\index{usual} \quad (may be abbreviated as {\fpp s} and {\fpp u}) which select respectively the tty and full-screen mode. The same result can be obtained with the macros (see chapter~\ref{macro}: ``Macro language''): {\fpp tty}\index{tty} and {\fpp full}\index{full}. {\fpp screenoutput}\index{screenoutput}: \qquad this parameter has two possible values {\fpp yes} or {\fpp no}. The command {\fpp /uif set screenoutput yes}, emulated by the macro {\fpp displayed} allows output on the screen (default value). The command {\fpp /uif set screenoutput no}, emulated by the macro {\fpp undisplayed} stops the screen display (this is something you may wish to do in order to save time while storing the results from Simbad into a log file ---see chapter~\ref{log}). The `/' character\index{/} used in the macro instruction allows to send a command to an agent without making it the current agent (and thus staying, for instance, at the {\tt simbad search ->} prompt). {\fpp fileoutput}\index{fileoutput}: \qquad This parameter has two possible values {\fpp incre} and {\fpp decre} and requires an additional parameter: {\fvv filename}. The command {\fpp /uif set fileoutput incre file1.dat} emulated by {\fpp `$>$ file1.dat'} opens the file {\ttc file1.dat} and forces the output to be directed in this file. Actually, the effect of the $>$ macro command is also to stop the output on the screen. The command {\fpp /uif set fileoutput decre} emulated by $>\mid$ closes the last file opened. These commands can be nested (a pile of output files is managed). The effect of $>\mid$ is also to redirect the output on the screen. An important example is the use of these commands for managing a log file of name {\ttc simbad.log} through the macro commands\index{log}\index{sendlog}: \\ \begin{tabular}{ll} {\fpp log} & keeps a log of the session in a file `simbad.log' \\ {\fpp sendlog} {\fvv user@node.domain} & sends the log file through e-mail (Internet) \\ {\fpp sendlog} {\fvv node::user} & \qquad (or SPAN/Decnet) \\ \end{tabular} The {\fpp sendlog} instruction closes the file, before sending it to the mailer. {\fpp inputfile}\index{inputfile}: \qquad This parameter has two possible values {\fpp incre} and {\fpp decre} and requires an additional parameter, ``{\fvv filename}". The command {\fpp /uif set inputfile incre file1.com} forces the commands to be read in the file {\ttc file1.com}. It can be emulated by $<$ {\fpp file1.com.}. The command {\fpp /uif set inputfile decre} stops the reading of the commands in the last opened input file. It can be emulated by $<\mid$ or forced by the end of the input file. These commands can be nested. {\fpp page}\index{page}: \qquad This parameter has two possible values: \begin{description} \item[{\fpp yes}] (the default value) generates an output display page by page, with the question: \\ \prompt{Do you want to see more ?} \\ being prompted after 20 lines (to which you can answer: {\fpp y}es, {\fpp n}o, or {\fpp c}\index{c} ---this last ones generating the continuous mode). \item[{\fpp no}] generates a continuous display (recommended when you are having a log file, see chapter~\ref{log}). \end{description} These commands are emulated by the following macros\index{page}\index{cont}:\\ {\fpp /uif set page yes} by the macro {\fpp page},\\ {\fpp /uif set page no } by the macro {\fpp cont}. %===================== \chapter{The user Agent} %===================== \label{user}\index{!user} The \agent{user} agent allows to manage and display various parameters associated to the current user: full name, address, creation date, privileges, etc. It is possible for a user to interact with his user agent (whose name is the simbad {\em username} of the user) with the following verbs: \verbe{display}, \verbe{modify}, \verbe{write}, \verbe{set}, \verbe{bye}. {\bf bye}: \qquad has the standard effect (leaving the agent). {\bf display}: \qquad This verb displays all the information related to the user ({\em no effort has been made yet to fill these fields; this will come, hopefully one day}). {\bf modify}: \qquad This verb allows to modify data related to the user.\index{SPAN}\index{Internet}\index{Bitnet} It accepts the following parameters :\\ U for username \\ P for password \\ S for Span address \\ P for PSDN address \\ E for EARN/Bitnet or Internet Address \\ A for postal address These parameters are to be followed by the new value. Example : {\fpp A007BOND modify S cdsxb24::james} will change the SPAN address of the Simbad user A007BOND into cdsxb24::james. {\bf write}: \qquad Saves the (eventually) modified user characteristics in the user file. {\bf set}: \qquad With this verb and the {\bf cmdfile} parameter\index{!cmdfile}\index{!user.cmd}, you can edit and modify your {\ttc user.cmd} file. This is important, because it allows you to store customized default formats and parameters. In the following example we show how to modify the default value of the equinox of coordinates from 1950 to 2000\index{equinox}\index{equi1}\index{equi2}\index{COOEQUINOX}\footnote{The `/' character used in the macro instruction allows to send a command to an agent without making it the current agent}: {\tt simbad search ->} {\fvv username} {\fpp set cmdfile} \\ {\tt username set ->} \\ \mbox{}\qquad {\em here, enter the following text:} \begin{verbatim} # The default equinox will be 2000 /env set COOEQUINOX = "2000.0" equi1 2000.0 equi2 1950.0 \end{verbatim} \mbox{}\qquad {\em type [esc] then {\fpp :wq} for leaving the editor} \\ {\tt username set ->} {\fpp bye} %=================================== \chapter{The internal Mail facility} %=================================== \label{mail}\index{!mail}\index{agent/mail} A \agent{mail} agent manages the messages between the CDS and the user. This comes as a complement to the standard way of sending a message (through electronic mail to {\ttc question@simbad.u-strasbg.fr} or {\ttc simbad::question}. For sending back files to or from your home computer see chapters~\ref{idlist} and \ref{log}). The user can interact with the \agent{mail} agent with the verbs: \verbe{send}, \verbe{read}, \verbe{save}, \verbe{bye}. {\bf send:}\\ This verb allows the user to send a line of message to the CDS. After the first line, type \CarriageReturn\ for a second line and so on. To finish the input of the mail and send it effectively it is necessary to type {\bf bye}\index{bye} at the beginning of a line. {\bf read:} \\ This verb allows the user to read a message from the CDS or to be informed that there is no message. {\bf save:}\\ This verb allows the user to save the content of the message from the CDS in a file, the name of which can be chosen. {\bf bye:}\\ This verb has the standard effect, except after \verbe{send} when it sends the mail effectively to the user, before producing the standard effect. %======================== \chapter{Macro language} %======================== \label{macro}\index{!macro}\index{agent/macro} The macro language is a feature that allows expert users to define their own commands in SIMBAD, generally by combining several basic commands. It uses a simple mechanism of text substitution during command analysis. By this way, it is even possible to completely modify the standard mode of querying Simbad and interacting with the agents. Every command is made of a succession of words separated by spaces. During parsing of a command, the system looks for words corresponding to a macro definition. If such a definition exists, the word in the command is replaced by the definition of the macro. Moreover, if the macro is defined with parameters, the words following the macro name in the command are used as parameters. These macros are maintained by an agent called \agent{macro}. It is of the same agent class than the \agent{env} agent. So the same actions are available: \verbe{display} for displaying the list of existing macros and \verbe{set} to modify an existing macro or create a new one. Let us first see some examples: \begin{itemize} \item By defining: \command{macro}{set}{stop = session exit} you may modify the ordinary way of quitting a session: you can now type \verbe{stop}, rather than typing the complete command \command{session}{exit}{} This is an example of macro without parameters. \item You want sometimes to modify both the list format and the immediate format. This needs normally two commands: \begin{verbatim} env set FM-IMMEDIATE = myimmformat env set FM-LIST = mylistformat \end{verbatim} You can simplify these commands by defining the following macro: \begin{verbatim} macro set myformats = "/env set FM-IMMEDIATE = $1 ; - /env set FM-LIST = $2" \end{verbatim} And then use your command at any moment during a session: \begin{verbatim} myformats myimmformat mylistformat \end{verbatim} Some comments: The macro is written like simple commands would be written. Parameters which will be given at execution time are replaced by \$n, where $n$ represents the n$th$ parameter, that means the n$th$ word following the macro name at execution time. In this example, myformats will be recognized as a macro name, \$1 will be substituted by {\it myimmformat} and \$2 will be substituted by {\it mylistformat}. The semi-colon (;)\index{;} is a command separator, allowing to write several commands on the same line. The quotes surrounding the complete definition are needed here to avoid the analyzer to take this semi-colon in account during the macro definition. The `/'\index{/} at the beginning of each command avoids the \agent{env} agent to stay in the current context and modify it. The `--'\index{--} character at the end of the first line is an indication that the command continues on the next line. \item You want to interrogate a certain number of objects, getting just some data given by the immediate format ---eventually your own one---, but you would like to avoid having to type \verbe{bye}\index{bye} after each interrogation to leave the \agent{astronomical object} agent. You can do this by defining the following macro: \begin{verbatim} macro set look = "$$1 ; bye" \end{verbatim} As it is defined here, this macro must be used in conjunction with the prompt \prompto{simbad search ->}. You will then get: \prompto{simbad search ->}\reply{look HD 8890} \hspace*{1cm}... data displayed ...\\ \prompto{simbad search ->}\reply{...} The parameter definition in the macro is here different: Two \$ indicates that all words from the n$th$ one to the end of the typed command must be used as substitution for \$\$n. This is needed here, because we substitute an identifier which consists of a variable number of fields separated by spaces. The \$n parameter definition substitutes one word separated from others by at least one space. \end{itemize} These three examples show you how powerful such macros can be. You can of course build your own macros and have them permanently present in your sessions by putting them in your user command file. A certain number of macros are defined at the system level. You can see them with the command \command{macro}{display}{}. You can of course replace them by your own definitions. \prompto{macro display ->}\CarriageReturn \begin{verbatim} basicdata = "/env set FM-IMMEDIATE=fm-immediate; /env set FM-LIST=fm-immediate" bibliography = "/env set FM-IMMEDIATE=fm-refs; /env set FM-LIST=fm-refs" bibyears = "/session define format BIBYEARS = $$1" catalog = "session define format MESCAT = $1 ; format MESTYP = $2 ; bye ; data" cont = "/uif set p n" cooequi = "/env set COOEQUINOX = $1 ; /env set MAJEQUINOX = $1" cooequinox = "/env set COOEQUINOX = $1 ; /env set MAJEQUINOX = $1" coolist = "/session host prepcoolist $1 > coolist.tmp ; - /uif set i i coolist.tmp; /session host rm coolist.tmp" cooradius = "/env set COORADIUS = $$1" coord = "$$1 ; bye" displayed = "/uif set s y" equi = "/session define format EQUINOX1 = $1" equi1 = "/session define format EQUINOX1 = $1" equi2 = "/session define format EQUINOX2 = $1" full = "/uif set s u" fullhelp = "full ; /hhelp display ; tty" help = "/hhelp display" ident = "simbad search $$1; bye" idlist = "/session host prepidlist $1 > idlist.tmp ; - /uif set i i idlist.tmp; /session host rm idlist.tmp" info = "/session host /usr1/dbsimbad/lortet/infoless '$$1'" infocat = "/session host grep -i \'$$1\' /usr1/dbsimbad/note_cat | more" log = "/uif set f i simbad.log" maxdata = "/env set FM-IMMEDIATE=fm-standard; /env set FM-LIST=fm-standard" page = "/uif set p y" pageno = "/uif set p N" password = "/Session host passwd" quit = "session exit" stop = "session exit" reftext = "/simbad-reflist display" sendlog = "/uif set f d ; /session host mail $1 < simbad.log " tty = "/uif set s s" undisplayed = "/uif set s n" _email = "/session host /usr/local/bin/email" \end{verbatim} %=============================== \chapter{Using the text editor} %=============================== \label{vi}\index{!vi}\index{!text editor} \def\viR{$(\star)$\ } \def\viC{$\wr\cdots\wr$} % Represents a Cursor Movement Some functionalities in SIMBAD software make use of a text editor. This concerns mainly \agent{filter} and \agent{format} \verbe{set}, and the access to the user initial command file. Presently, the editor called by default is `{\em vi}'; {\em emacs} is also available. Your choice of the editor is defined through the environment variable EDITOR\index{EDITOR}, with default value {\em vi}. \section{vi} {\em vi } is the standard editor delivered with every UNIX system. You will not find here a complete description of it, but rather a subset sufficient for its use in SIMBAD. More details can be found in the UNIX literature. \subsection*{Basics} The most important thing to know about {\em vi} is that it has two modes: \begin{itemize} \item A command mode\\ in which each keystroke is related to an action to execute \item An input mode\\ in which a keystroke effectively inserts the corresponding character into your text, at the cursor position. \end{itemize} The second important thing to know is that most of the commands are made of {\it normal} characters (like {\tt dd} for deleting a line) and that there is nothing that distinguishes command mode from input mode. So, trying to move the cursor with an action on an arrow key of your keyboard leads to curious effects, since for most terminals such a keystroke generates an {\em escape sequence} of several `normal' characters. The third important feature to remind is how to {enter} into the {\em input} mode --- generally with {\tt i} or {\tt A} keystrokes --- and how to go back to the {\em command} mode --- always with the \Esc\ key. If you can't find an escape key on your keyboard, you may always use \Ctrl{[}. Last, but not least, press the \Esc\ key if you don't exactly remember what you did just before: it's always harmless. Notice also the existence of the special command {\em undo} ({\tt u} key): it {\em is} useful! \subsection*{Detailed Commands} %{\em vi} commands were grouped into a few sections in order to make %it use easier. \bigskip \medarraystretch \begin{tabular}{ r l } \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Leaving the editor}} \\ \hline {\tt :wq\meta{Return}} & Save the file and Quit \\ {\tt :q!\meta{Return}} & Quit without saving your modifications \\ {\tt :q\meta{Return}\ } & Quit --- you'll be prompted if you did not save your modifications \\[.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Changing to input mode and back to command mode }} \\ \hline {\tt i} & Insert text {\em before} the cursor position \\ {\tt a} & Insert text {\em after} the cursor position \\ {\tt A} & Insert text {\em at the end} of the current line\\ {\tt o} & Open a new line {\em after} the cursor position \\ {\tt O} & Open a new line {\em before} the cursor position \\ \Esc & Terminate the input mode \\[.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Scrolling }} \\ \hline \Ctrl{L} & Repaint the Screen \\ \Ctrl{D} & Scroll {\em Down} a half screen \\ \Ctrl{U} & Scroll {\em Up} a half screen \\ \Ctrl{F} & Scroll {\em Forward} a full screen \\ \Ctrl{B} & Scroll {\em Backward} a full screen \\ {\tt z.} & Scroll to place the current line in the middle of the screen\\ \hline \end{tabular} \newpage Basic cursor moves --- moving around your text --- are especially important to remember, since these are used as parameters in other operations (yank, delete ...). In the following tables, the symbol {\bf \viC} stands for a {\em Cursor moving sequence}. There are several entities defined in a text: the characters, the {\bf w}ords made of alphanumeric characters (and the underscore), the {\bf W}ords separated by spaces, the lines, among others. For instance, {\tt compo-site.word} is a single {\bf W}ord made of three {\bf w}ords. The \viR symbol in the list of keys means that the command may be preceded by a repetition factor, {\em e.g.} {\tt 5W} to move over 5 {\bf W}ords. \begin{tabular}{ r l } \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Cursor Move \quad (\viC) }} \\ \hline \viR {\tt h j k l} & Move the cursor $n$ position left / down / up / right \\ \viR \meta{space} & identical to {\tt l} (right) \\ {\tt 0 \$} & Move to the beginning ({\tt 0}) or end ({\tt \$}) of the line \\ \viR {\tt w W} & Move the to the next word (alphanumeric) or Word (space-separated) \\ \viR {\tt b B} & Move the to the previous word (alphanumeric) or Word \\ \viR \meta{Return} & Move to the next line \\ \viR {\tt -} & Move to the previous line \\ $n${\tt G} & Move to line number $n$ ($1$ for beginning, default is {\em last} line) \\ {\tt \%} & Move to the matching bracket \\ {\tt `{}$x$} & Move to marker $x$ (a letter) previously defined by {\tt m}$x$ \\[.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Search}} \\ \hline {\tt /}{\em pattern}& Search for {\em pattern} \\ {\tt n} & Position cursor to next occurrence of {\em pattern}\\ {\tt N} & Position cursor to previous occurrence of {\em pattern}\\ {\tt :set ic\meta{Return}}& ignore case in forthcoming pattern searchings\\[0.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Special Commands }} \\ \hline {\tt u} & Undo the previous command \\ {\bf .} & Repeat the last command \\ \Ctrl{G} & Display file name and current position \\ {\tt J} & Join the current line with the next one \\ {\tt m}$x$ & Save in marker $x$ (a letter) the current cursor position \\ \hline \end{tabular} \newpage Deleting, changing and yanking (copying) text can use any cursor move (\viC) to specify the limit of the operation. The \viR\ symbol in the list means that the command may be preceded by a repetition factor, {\em e.g.} {\tt 25dd} to delete 25 lines. \begin{tabular}{ r l } \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Delete Text }} \\ \hline \viR {\tt x} & Delete current character (at cursor position) \\ \viR {\tt X} & Delete previous character (left of cursor position) \\ \viR {\tt dd} & Delete current line \\ {\tt D} & Delete until end of line (identical to {\tt d\$}) \\ {\tt d}\viC & Delete until position defined by cursor move \viC, {\em e.g.} \\ & {\tt d3W} \quad delete three Words \\ & {\tt dG\ } \quad delete until end of file \\ & {\tt dn\ } \quad delete until next occurrence of {\em pattern} \\ [0.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Yank (copy) Text }} \\ \hline \viR {\tt yy}\viC & Yank current line \\ {\tt y}\viC & Yank until position defined by cursor motion \viC, {\em e.g.} \\ % & {\tt y3l} \quad yank three characters \\ & {\tt yG} \quad yank from cursor until end of file\\ [0.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Put (paste) Deleted or Yanked Text }} \\ \hline {\tt p} & Put deleted or yanked text {\em after} cursor \\ {\tt P} & Put deleted or yanked text {\em before} cursor \\ [0.5ex] \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{{\bf Substitute (change) Text }} \\ \hline {\tt r}$x$ & Replace letter at the cursor position by $x$ \\ {\tt cc} & Change the current line with new text (until \Esc) \\ {\tt C} & Change from cursor to end of line with new text (until \Esc) \\ {\tt c}\viC & Change text until position defined by cursor motion \viC, {\em e.g.} \\ & {\tt c3l} \quad change three characters \\ & {\tt cn} \quad change until next occurrence of {\em pattern} \\ [0.5ex] \hline \end{tabular} \largearraystretch % Default... %*********************** %*********************** %*********************** %*********************** \part{REFERENCE MANUAL} %*********************** %*********************** %================================== \chapter{Agents and command table} %================================== \label{agent}\index{!agent} \begin{classdescr}{Database}{A database like SIMBAD} %--------------------------------------------------- {search}\index{search}& {\em identifier}& query the database by an identifier name. \\ &{\em coordinates}& query the database by coordinates, founding all objects in a small circle around the given coordinates. The radius of this circle is given by the environment variable COORADIUS.\\ & `{\em filtername}& makes a sample using the named filter.\\ & {\em bib. ref. code}& displays the text of the reference. The code can be given in the new format or in the old one. The reference code can be partial with at least the 3 first characters.\\ \method{release}{}{To close the data base for this session. It will no longer be available for searches, or you call it again through the command: ``session use database name''.} \method{bye}{}{To stop dialoging with this database agent. It remains in the session and can be reused through a command like ``database-name search ...''} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{Session}{Manages a session and all the agents} %---------------------------------------------------------------- \method{exit}{} {exits SIMBAD software} \method{use}{\em classname \quad agentname} {requires access to a new agent belonging to the specified class.} \method{define}{\em classname \quad VARIABLE= value} {sets the value of an environment variable within a format of a filter and recompiles all the formats and filters.} \method{release}{\em agentname}{tells the agent to leave the session.} \method{echo}{\em text}{writes the text directly to the standard output. This is only useful in command files.} \method{host}{\em text}{directs commands to the Unix shell.} \method{bye}{}{stops the interaction with the session agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{astrobj}{An astronomical object} %------------------------------------------------------------- \method{display}{basic, id, data, bib, \em catalog\_name} {displays the data according to the current standard format. The parameters designates format entries displaying a part of the data.} \method{keep}{[{\em new-name}]}{keeps a copy of the astronomical object. The new one represents the same astronomical object, which can be re-used in the session.} \method{bye}{}{leaves the agent. It remains in the session until a new astronomical object is interrogated.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{reflist}{Contains the text of all displayed bibliographical references.} %------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \method{display}{{\em y1,y2} / ?}{Displays the text of the bibliographical references contained in the list. They can be limited by years and `?' allows to return only the number of available references.} \method{bye}{}{Stops dialog with this agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{objlist}{A list of astronomical objects.} %------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \method{display}{all, $n$, $+n$, $-n$} {displays the list of all (or only $n$) individual objects in the list.} \method{set}{\em comment text}{Allows to write a commentary (which can be later on displayed by the describe verb).} \method{describe}{}{Gives details about number of objects, creation date, etc. of an object list.} \method{release}{}{Releases the object list from the session. After this command, it is no longer present, but can be recalled by ``session use objlist name''.} \method{delete}{}{Deletes a previously saved object list.} \method{bye}{}{Stops dialog with this agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{filter}{This agent controls sampling by keeping the list of criteria} %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- \method{display}{}{Lists all the sampling criteria of the filter} \method{set}{[{\em filter criterion}]}{Define the instructions for the filter. In batch mode, the filter will stay in memory and cannot be updated. In conversational mode, the command alone invokes a text editor to write or update the criteria list. Look in the corresponding chapters for a full description of criteria and also for the text editor commands.} \method{clone}{\em newname}{Creates a new filter agent receiving the specified newname and the same set of criteria. This is useful to create a new filter agent not from scratch, but by modifying an existing one.} \method{write}{[{\em name}]}{Writes on disk a memory filter, created through a batch file. This command is needed to be able to update it. After this operation, the filter is permanent and should not be kept in the batch file.} \method{release}{}{Releases a filter from the session. After this command, it is no longer available, but can of course be recalled by ``session use filter name'', if it was previously saved.} \method{bye}{}{Stops dialoging with the filter. It quits the current context, but remains available in the session.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{format}{Controls the formatting of all outputs} %----------------------------------------------------------------- \method{display}{}{Lists all the instructions of the format} \method{set}{[{\em format instruction}]}{Define the instructions for the format. In batch mode, the format will stay in memory and cannot be updated. In conversational mode, the command alone enters a text editor to write or update the format. Look in the corresponding chapters for a full description of formatting instructions and also for the text editor commands.} \method{clone}{\em newname}{Creates a new format agent receiving the specified newname and the same set of instructions. This is useful to create a new format agent not from scratch, but by modifying an existing one.} \method{write}{[{\em name}]}{Writes on disk a memory format, created through a batch file. This command is needed to be able to update it. After this operation, the format is permanent and should not be kept in the batch file.} \method{release}{}{Releases a format from the session. After this command, it is no longer available, but can of course be recalled by ``session use format name'', if it was previously saved.} \method{compil}{}{Compiles a format (to be used when new values have been assigned to environment variables.} \method{bye}{}{Stops dialoging with this format. It quits the current context, but remains available in the session, and can be an active format.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{UIF}{User interface management. Screen and file output tuning.} %------------------------------------------------------ \method{set}{screen, screenoutput, fileoutput, inputfile, page }{Allows to tune the parameters of the screen output: tty or full screen mode; displayed or undisplayed on screen; directed into a file; inputs from a command file; or setting the page by page mode} \method{bye}{}{To stop dialog with the \agent{user interface} agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{macro}{Macro language facility} %------------------------------------------------- \method{set}{{\em macro-name}~= \em macro-def}{Defines a macro. If the definition contains some special characters, like ';', which would be interpreted by the command analyser, then it is needed to enclose the definition between quotes. Parameters are defined by \$$n$ for single words, and \$\$$n$ for all words from the n$th$.} \method{display}{}{Displays all macro definitions managed by the \agent{macro} agent.} \method{on}{}{Switches macro substitution ON.} \method{off}{}{Switches macro substitution OFF. It is recommended to switch macro substitution off before defining new macros.} \method{test}{\em command}{Allows to test macro definitions by writing a command. This command will not be executed, but substitutions will be displayed. To work properly, you need to switch substitution off before testing the command. Substitution is automatically switched ON after the test.} \method{bye}{}{To stop dialoguing with the \agent{macro} agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{user}{Manages user-related information} %------------------------------------------------------------- \method{display}{}{displays data related to the coordinates of the user and data related to usage statistics of the database ({\sl not yet implemented}.} \method{modify}{U, P, S, P, E, A}{allows to modify the password and some other parameters (addresses).} \method{set}{cmdfile}{opens the user command file ({\ttc user.cmd} where permanents commands setting up the user environment can be stored.} \method{write}{}{saves the user modified parameters.} \method{bye}{}{leaves the agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{mail}{Mail facility between a user and CDS staff.} %-------------------------------------------------------------------- \method{send}{}{Sends messages to CDS staff.} \method{read}{}{Reads messages sent by CDS staff.} \method{save}{}{Saves a mail message in a personal log file.} \method{bye}{}{Leaves the \agent{mail} agent.} \end{classdescr} \begin{classdescr}{help}{On-line help.} %-------------------------------------------------------------------- \method{display}{}{Displays the root of the hierarchical help.} \method{bye}{}{Leaves the \agent{help} agent.} \end{classdescr} %============================= \chapter{Default formats} %============================= \label{default}\index{format/default} Three default formats are pre--defined: \begin{tabular}{lp{12cm}} FM-IMMEDIATE& for the immediate format used when accessing an object\\ FM-STANDARD & for the standard format used by \\ & \command{astrobj}{display}{}\\ FM-LIST & for the format used to shortly display lists\\ \end{tabular} These formats are listed below: \prompto{simbad search ->}\replyo{fm-immediate display}\index{fm-immediate} \begin{verbatim} #++++++++++++++++ #.IDENTIFICATION fm-immediate.fmt #.ENVIRONMENT Simbad database #.KEYWORDS Formats in Simbad #.VERSION 1.0 11-Feb-1991 #.PURPOSE Describes how to edit a named astronomical object #.COMMENTS This script tells which parameters of a found astronomical # are listed. The present script displays: # - Basic data (with position at 2 equinoxes + gal) # - All identifications (aliases) # - Number of measurements # - Number of bibliographical references #---------------- # # First line: type of object # TEXT "Type: " OBJECT E SKIP 1 # 2nd line: position at equinox.1, and magnitudes # COO ("Coord EQUINOX1 = ") EQUINOX1 | TEXT "No coord." MAG (" mb, mv = ") (1,18) SKIP 1 # 3rd line: position at equinox.2, and spectral (morphological) type # COO ("Coord EQUINOX2 = ") EQUINOX2 | TEXT "No coord" SP (" sp type = ") 20 | MT (" morph. type = ") 20 | TEXT " ./." SKIP 1 # 4th line: Galactic position # COO (" gal = ") G | TEXT " " SKIP 1 # 5th line: proper motions (star) / dimensions (galaxy) # PM (" pm = ") | DIM (" dim = ") | TEXT " ./." SKIP 1 # Write a separation line (filled with '-') # IC - 78 SKIP 1 # Next part: all identifications (indicated by the A option), # followed by a separation line (filled with '-') # ID A SKIP 1 IC - 78 SKIP 1 # Number of catalogued measurements # TEXT "Measurements:" SKIP 1 MES (10) A N IC - 78 SKIP 1 # Last part: write out the number of references existing between limits, # followed by a separation line (filled with '-') # TEXT "References: " REF # BIBYEARS IC - 78 # That's it, folks... FIN \end{verbatim} \prompto{simbad search ->}\replyo{fm-standard display} \index{fm-standard} \begin{verbatim} #++++++++++++++++ #.IDENTIFICATION fm-standard.fmt #.ENVIRONMENT Simbad database #.KEYWORDS Formats in Simbad #.VERSION 1.1 22-Jan-1992 #.PURPOSE Main format (interactive answers) in Simbad #.COMMENTS This format is made of several parts: # 1) basic (fundamental data) # 2) id (identifiers, or aliases) # 3) data (available data) # 4) bib (all references) # The list terminates normally here. Other possible requests: # - ndata or nmes (number of measurements) # - catalogue name (corresponding data) # - all (all measurements of all catalogues) # - bibcode (abbreviated bibliography) # - bibtext (all references) alias of bib # - nref or nbib (number of references) # #========================= # basic #========================= # { basic SKIP 1 # Type of object, option E (extended object name) TEXT "==== " OBJID TEXT " (" OBJECT E TEXT ")" SKIP 1 # 2nd line: position(1), magnitudes COO ("Coord EQUINOX1 = ") EQUINOX1 | TEXT "No coord" MAG (" mb, mv = ") SKIP 1 # 3rd line: position(2), Spectral or Morphological type COO ("Coord EQUINOX2 = ") EQUINOX2 | TEXT "No coord" SP (" sp type = ") 20 | MT (" morph. type = ") 20 | TEXT " ./." SKIP 1 # 4th line: galactic position COO (" gal = ") G | TEXT " " SKIP 1 # 5th line: proper motion (stars) / dimensions (galaxies) PM (" pm = ",1,1) | DIM (" dim = ") | TEXT "./." SKIP 1 # Separate from next line IC - 78 } #========================= # id (aliases) #========================= { id SKIP 1 # All identifiers (option A), and separation line ID A SKIP 1 IC - 78 } #========================= # data (measurements) #========================= # Note that 2 environment variables are used: # MESCAT = the catalogue of data to display (A = all) # MESTYP = which data (A=all, F=first, M=mean). # Use command /env display # to find out the meaning of these variables... { data SKIP 1 MES MESCAT MESTYP H SKIP 1 IC - 78 } #========================= # bib #========================= # # Complete references (option T) are listed. # { bib SKIP 1 REF T BIBYEARS } # #>>>>>>> Normal END of format. # What follows can only be executed on request # FIN #========================================= # bibcode (abbreviated list of references) #========================================= { bibcode SKIP 1 # # 1st line = number of references # REF # BIBYEARS TEXT " Reference(s) ( BIBYEARS ) :" # Other lines = references, 4/lines (option 4) SKIP 1 REF 4 BIBYEARS } FIN #============================================= # bibtext (list of bibliographical references) #============================================= { bibtext SKIP 1 REF T BIBYEARS } FIN #============================ # nbib (number of references) #============================ { nbib SKIP 1 TEXT "Number of references ( BIBYEARS ) : " REF # BIBYEARS } FIN #============================= # nref (number of references) #============================= { nref SKIP 1 TEXT "Number of references ( BIBYEARS ) : " REF # BIBYEARS } FIN #====================================== # ndata (number of measurements) #====================================== { ndata SKIP 1 TEXT "Measurements:" SKIP 1 MES (10) A N } FIN #===================================== # nmes (number of measurements) #===================================== { nmes SKIP 1 TEXT "Measurements:" SKIP 1 MES (10) A N } FIN #===================================== # all (all data from all catalogues) #===================================== { all MES A A H B } FIN # #====================================== # catalogues names #====================================== # { CEL MES CEL MESTYP H } FIN # { GCRV MES GCRV MESTYP H } FIN # { GEN MES GEN MESTYP H } FIN # ... etc. (all measurement types) ... # { z MES Z MESTYP H } FIN \end{verbatim} \prompto{simbad search ->}\replyo{fm-list display} \index{fm-list} \begin{verbatim} #++++++++++++++++ #.IDENTIFICATION fm-list.fmt #.ENVIRONMENT Simbad database #.KEYWORDS Formats in Simbad #.VERSION 1.0 11-Feb-1991 #.PURPOSE Describes how to edit an astronomical object in a single line #.COMMENTS This script tells which parameters should be displayed # in a single line (typically the result of a sampling). #---------------- # # List, as a table: # ... sequence number OBJID (5) TEXT "|" # ... Type of object (stellar / galaxy / other) in abbreviated form OBJECT (2) TEXT "|" # ... Identifier: the option 1 tells to keep only the first one # (order unspecified....) ID (19) 1 TEXT "|" # ... Position at equinox specified in the environment # Note: to change the equinox, use the command "equi1=value" or # session define format EQUINOX1 = value # which 'recompiles' the formats, instead of # env set EQUINOX1 = value COO (25) EQUINOX1 TEXT "|" # ... Spectral or morphological type. Parameter is length. SP (8) 8 | MT (8) 8 TEXT "|" # ... Magnitudes B & V, separated by a dash MAG (11) (1,5,"-" 12,5) TEXT "|" # ... Number of references between limits REF # BIBYEARS # # Note that no SKIP is required... # That's it, folks... # FIN fm-list display ->stop \end{verbatim} %========================= \chapter{Special commands} %========================= \label{special}\index{command/special}\index{special command} The following special commands, of one or two characters, allow the displaying of some special information, or the setting of some often used parameters: \begin{tabular}{|p{1.3cm}p{12cm}|} \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{{\sl System information display}:}\\ \hline {\bf ?}\index{?} &invokes the context-sensitive help\\ {\bf \&}\index{\&} &displays the list of commands of the current agent\\ {\bf :}\index{:} &displays the list of all existing agents in the session\\ {\bf !}\index{!} &displays the stack of current agents\\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{{\sl Prompt control}:}\\ \hline {\bf .}\index{.} &quits the last element in the current context\\ {\bf /}\index{/} &to type a command that will not remain current (temporary command)\\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{{\sl File redirection (and batch mode)}:}\\ \hline {\bf {\tt >}}\index{{\tt >}} &{\fvv filename}\\ &redirects output to the specified file\\ {\bf {\tt >|}}\index{{\tt >|}} &stops redirection of output file\\ {\bf {\tt <}}\index{{\tt <}} &{\fvv filename}\\ &redirects input from the specified file (procedure or batch mode)\\ {\bf {\tt <|}}\index{{\tt <|}} &stops redirection from the input file\\ \hline \end{tabular} %------------------------------------------------------------------ \part{Appendices} \appendix %---------------- Appendices to SIMBAD User's Guide %================================ \chapter{Greek letters coding} %================================ \label{greek}\index{Greek letter} Greek letters must be written using the following abbreviations: $$\begin{tabular}{|cl|cl|cl|} \hline $\alpha$& alf & $\iota$& iot & $\rho$& rho\\ $\beta$& bet & $\kappa$& kap & $\sigma$& sig\\ $\gamma$& gam & $\lambda$& lam & $\tau$& tau\\ $\delta$& del & $\mu$& mu. & $\upsilon$& ups\\ $\varepsilon$& eps & $\nu$& nu. & $\phi$& phi\\ $\zeta$& zet & $\xi$& ksi & $\chi$& khi\\ $\eta$& eta & $o $& omi & $\psi$& psi\\ $\theta$& tet & $\pi$& pi. & $\omega$& ome\\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ %================================ \chapter{Constellation names} %================================ \label{constell}\index{constellation} Constellation names (used for Bayer and Flamsteed designations of bright stars: {\ttc alf Lyr}, for variable stars: {\ttc RS CVn}, for novae: {\ttc Nova Her 1991}, etc.) must be written using the following abbreviations: $$\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline And & Ant & Aps & Aqr & Aql & Ara & Ari & Aur & Boo & Cae & Cam & Cnc \\ CVn & CMa & CMi & Cap & Car & Cas & Cen & Cep & Cet & Cha & Cir & Col \\ Com & CrA & CrB & Crv & Crt & Cru & Cyg & Del & Dor & Dra & Equ & Eri \\ For & Gem & Gru & Her & Hor & Hya & Hyi & Ind & Lac & Leo & LMi & Lep \\ Lib & Lup & Lyn & Lyr & Men & Mic & Mon & Mus & Nor & Oct & Oph & Ori \\ Pav & Peg & Per & Phe & Pic & Psc & PsA & Pup & Pyx & Ret & Sge & Sgr \\ Sco & Scl & Sct & Ser & Sex & Tau & Tel & Tri & TrA & Tuc & UMa & UMi \\ Vel & Vir & Vol & Vul & & LMC & SMC & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}$$ %==================================== \chapter{Clusters and Cluster stars} %=================================== \label{cluster}\index{cluster} %=============== \medarraystretch %=============== Clusters (and cluster stars) which have no NGC or IC number are called under the generic appellation {\ttc Cl} or {\ttc Cl*} followed by the cluster names and numbers as described below. The table on the next page lists most of the possible names associated to star clusters --- with the exception of NGC and IC. The following syntax is to be used\index{Cl}: \begin{enumerate} \item A cluster is named {\ttc Cl} followed by the cluster name and number (e.g. {\ttc Cl Blanco 1}) \item The designation of a cluster star in the main member list of a cluster is: the cluster name preceded by {\ttc Cl} and followed by a running number (Example: {\ttc Cl Blanco 1 8} is star {\#}8 in the open cluster Blanco 1). \item When several lists of member stars exist, the designation is: the cluster name preceded by {\ttc Cl*} followed by an abbreviation of the list and the running number of the star in the list (Example: {\ttc Cl* Melotte 25 VA 13} is star {\#}13 in the list by Van Altena for Melotte 25 ---the Hyades cluster). \end{enumerate} Examples of designations of stars in Clusters: \\ \begin{tabular}{ll} {\ttc NGC 2264} & (an NGC cluster) \\ {\ttc NGC 2264 2} & (a star in NGC 2264) \\ {\ttc Cl Melotte 25} & (Melotte 25: the Hyades cluster) \\ {\ttc Cl Melotte 25 1} & (1st star in the main list by Van Bueren) \\ {\ttc Cl* Melotte 25 VA 13} & (13th star in a list by Van Altena). \\ \end{tabular} More details about nomenclature can be obtained by the commands\index{info} {\fpp info cati }{\fvv name} \qquad or \\ {\fpp info {\fvv -l} cati }{\fvv name} \quad the latter being used for a long description, including the authors and full bibliographical references. {\bf Note:} a similar system of designation is used for the planetary nebulae (PN), using a prefix {\ttc PN}. For instance, \begin{quote} {\ttc PN Hb 1}\qquad represents the 1st star in the list by Hubble. \end{quote} A complete list of all such PN lists can be found by the command \\ {\fpp info cati PN} \section*{ List of cluster names} %********* \smallarraystretch %********* \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{lll} \begin{tabular}[t]{l} Apriamaswili \\ Arp \\ Barhatova \\ Basel \\ Berkeley \\ Biurakan \\ Blanco \\ Bochum \\ Collinder \\ Czernik \\ Deje \\ Dolidze \\ Dolidze-Dzim \\ Dufay \\ Feinstein \\ Graff \\ Haffner \\ Harvard \\ Haute-Provence \\ Hogg \\ Iskurzdajan \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[t]{l} King \\ Kron \\ Lindsay \\ Lynga \\ Melotte \\ Mrk (Markarjan) \\ Palomar (Pal) \\ Pismis \\ Roslund \\ Ruprecht \\ Sher \\ Sahlbajan \\ Stephenson \\ Stock \\ Terzan \\ Tombaugh \\ Trumpler \\ Upgren \\ VDB (Van den Bergh) \\ Westerlund \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[t]{l} {\em Notes:} \\ \\ NGC\ \ 869 = h Per \\ NGC\ \ 884 = $\chi$ Per \\ NGC 2632 = Praesepe\\ Cl Blanco 1 = $\zeta$ Scl\\ Cl Melotte\ 20 = $\alpha$ Per\\ Cl Melotte\ 22 = Pleiades\\ Cl Melotte\ 25 = Hyades \\ Cl Melotte\ 111 = Coma Ber\\ \end{tabular} \end{tabular} \end{center} %============================== \chapter{Spectral types coding} %============================== \label{spectral}\index{spectral type} %********* \medarraystretch %********* The spectral type of a star consists of 4 parts: \begin{itemize} \item A temperature class, with the following order: \begin{enumerate} \item Stars with subtypes: from O3 to M9 \item White dwarfs: DC to DM \item Stars without subtypes: from O to M, and R, N, S, C \item Composite stars. \end{enumerate} \item A luminosity class. The possible values are listed below: \begin{verbatim} unknown Ia Iab-b II III/IV V Ia-O Ia/ab Ib II/III IV V/VI Ia-O/Ia Iab Ib-II III IV/V VI \end{verbatim} \item Precisions: \begin{itemize} \item Inaccuracy on temperature or luminosity class: colon ({\tt :}) written just after the concerned field. \item Indication related to the spectrum: \begin{itemize} \item Overlap : {\tt X} \item Particular source : {\tt *} \item Quality : 0 - 7 \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \item Peculiarities: Each of them is represented by one or more letters placed after temperature and luminosity classes: \begin{tabular}{rc} variable spectrum & $v$\\ spectrum with emission lines & $e$\\ spectrum interpreted like a shell star & $sh$\\ peculiar spectrum & $p$\\ \\ spectrum with peculiar profile: & \\ sharp & $s$\\ nebulous & $n$\\ very nebulous & $nn$\\ \\ spectrum with peculiar elements: & \\ peculiar CN & $CN$\\ weak line & $w$\\ metallic lines & $m$\\ \end{tabular} \end{itemize} %================================== \chapter{Morphological types coding} %================================== \label{morphological}\index{morphological type} It consists of 4 parts: \begin{tabular}{lrc} The class: & elliptic & E \\ & spiral & S \\ & irregular & I \\ & dwarf & D \\ & peculiar & P \\ & with uncertainty & : \\ \\ The type: & normal & / \\ & barred & B \\ & uncertain bar & : \\ \\ The stage: & ecliptical gal. & from 0 to 9 \\ & gal. S, I or P & O, Oa, a, ab, b, bc, c, cd, d, dm, m \\ \\ Peculiarities: & r \\ & s \\ & p \\ \end{tabular} Moreover, two complete types can be coded if the author found that the type of a galaxy is between two standard types. %========================================== \chapter{Description of measurement types} %========================================== \label{measurement}\index{measurement}\index{catalogue} %********* \smallarraystretch %********* \def\secref#1{section~\ref{sec:#1}} \def\seclab#1{\label{sec:#1}} \def\BeginMesTable#1{ \begin{center} \smallarraystretch \begin{tabular}{|r @{\hspace{1.5em}}#1|} \hline {\em Header} & {\em Meaning} \\ \hline \hline } \def\EndMesTable{% \hline\end{tabular} \end{center} } \section{Overview} Each type of data listed as a result of a Simbad interrogation is normally preceded by a {\em header} which provides a very short title to each listed parameter. This chapter explains the meaning of each of these titles. {\bf Note:} the character \~{ } in a field stands for {\em no corresponding value} (unknown value). There are generally several measurements for each data type; a {\bf m} following the data type, like in the following set of MK classifications: \begin{verbatim} MK |ds/mss Spectral type | reference | --------------------------------------------------------------------- MK m| / F4III |1975AJ.....80..637M| MK |MS/+ 2 F6(M) PEC |1975$HOUK.C01.....H| MK | / F4 III SB |1962$MSOM...4.....B| \end{verbatim} means that the corresponding value ({\tt F4III}) is the ``best'' one, i.e. is recommended for non-specialists (in general, when applicable, a mean value). The following measurement types are presently included in Simbad: \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt CEL} &Ultraviolet photometry from {\em Celescope} \\ {\tt GCRV} &Stellar Radial velocities\\ {\tt GEN} &$U B V B_1 B_2 V_1 G$ photometry in Geneva photometric system\\ {\tt GJ} &Absolute magnitudes and spatial velocities of nearby stars. \\ {\tt Hbet} &$H_\beta$ index (used in connection with Str\"omgren's uvby photometry)\\ {\tt HGAM} &$H_\gamma$ equivalent width \\ {\tt IRC} &KI photometry from {\em Two Micron Sky Survey}\\ {\tt JP11} &$UBVRIJKLMNH$ 11-colour Johnson's photometry\\ {\tt MK} &Stellar spectral classification in Morgan-Keenan system \\ {\tt PLX} &Trigonometric parallaxes \\ {\tt pm} &Proper motions (in 1950 equatorial frame)\\ {\tt pos} &Equatorial positions \\ {\tt ROT} &Rotational velocities ($V . \sin i$) \\ {\tt RVEL} &Radial velocities of extragalactic objects (quasars and galaxies)\\ {\tt SAO} &Positions and proper motions from SAO catalogue. \\ {\tt TD1} &Ultraviolet magnitudes from {\em TD1} experiment\\ {\tt UBV} & $UBV$ photometry in Johnson's photometric system\\ {\tt uvby} &Photometry in Str\"omgren's photometric system\\ {\tt V*} &Data related to variable stars\\ {\tt z} &Redshifts (of distant galaxies and quasars) \\ \hline \end{tabular} The next sections provide more details about each data type included in Simbad. Some details concerning the photometric systems were taken from {\em Introduction to Astronomical Photometry\/} by Golay, M., 1974, {\em Astrophysics and Space Science Library} 41, R. Reidel Publ. \section{CEL measurements} \index{CEL} Celescope catalog of ultra-violet photometry, by Davis et al., {\em SAO Special Report 350}, 1973. \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 CEL | U1 : m.e| U2 : m.e| U3 : m.e| U4 : m.e|peculiarities| reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------ CEL m|12.45: ~|12.61: .30| ~: ~| ~: ~|P,CA,NA | 1973$CEL..C.......D| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{l} \hline {\tt U1 : m.e} & magnitude in $U_1$ filter ($\lambda\lambda$ 210-320 {\em nm}), and $\sigma(U_1)$ \\ {\tt U2 : m.e} & magnitude in $U_2$ filter ($\lambda\lambda$ 155-320 {\em nm}), and $\sigma(U_2)$\\ {\tt U3 : m.e} & magnitude in $U_3$ filter ($\lambda\lambda$ 135-215 {\em nm}), and $\sigma(U_3)$\\ {\tt U4 : m.e} & magnitude in $U_4$ filter ($\lambda\lambda$ 105-215 {\em nm}), and $\sigma(U_4)$\\[0.5ex] {\tt peculiarities} & Set of peculiarities, as:\\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt N} & non-stellar object\\ {\tt R} & radiosource\\ {\tt V} & variable\\ {\tt P} & peculiar spectrum\\ {\tt E} & emission lines\\ {\tt M} & metallic lines\\ {\tt Sh} & shell star\\ {\tt Ca} & interstellar lines H \& K from Calcium\\ {\tt Na} & interstellar lines D from Sodium\\ {\tt A } & interstellar absorption at 443 {\em nm}\\ \hline\end{tabular} \\ \EndMesTable \section{GCRV measurements} \index{GCRV}\index{radial velocity} Stellar Radial Velocities. \begin{verbatim} Example: 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345 GCRV | rvel. Q (nmes)|rem. |dis| reference | ------------------------------------------------------- GCRV m| -16.8 A ( 72)| | |1953$CIWP.6017....W| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } {\tt rvel.} & Radial velocity ({\em km/s}) \\ {\tt Q} & Quality from $A=$\ {\em good} to $D=$\ {\em poor} \\ {\tt nmes} & number of plates \\ {\tt rem.} & Remarks concerning the radial velocity: \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt E} & emission line \\ {\tt D} & double line\\ {\tt 3} & triple line\\ {\tt V} & variable\\ {\tt V?}& suspected variable \\ {\tt O} & orbit\\ {\tt S} & standard\\ {\tt +} & fainter companion\\ \hline \end{tabular}\\ {\tt dis} & dispersion in $\AA/mm$ at $H_\gamma$ (approximative)\\ {\tt reference} & source of the radial velocity \\ \EndMesTable \section {GEN measurements} \seclab{sec:GEN}\index{GEN}\index{Geneva photometry} Details about the Geneva Photometric System may {\em e.g.} be found in A{\&}A Sup. 26, 275 (1976). The passbands are characterized by the two parameters $\lambda_0$ and $\mu$ defined by: $$ \lambda_0 = \int \lambda \, \varphi(\lambda) \, d\lambda \ \int \varphi(\lambda) \, d\lambda $$ $$ \mu^2 = \int (\lambda-\lambda_0)^2 \, \varphi(\lambda) \, d\lambda / \int \varphi(\lambda) \, d\lambda $$ \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{| l | r r r r r r r |} \hline & U & B & V & B1 & B2 & V1 & G \\ \hline $\lambda_0$ ($nm$) & 345.6 & 424.5 & 550.0 & 402.4 & 448.0 & 540.5 & 580.5 \\ $\mu$ ($nm$) & 17.0 & 28.3 & 29.6 & 19.6 & 16.3 & 20.1 & 20.4 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 GEN | U-B | V-B | B1-B | B2-B | V1-B | G-B |Wt : m.e | Vmag |Wt : m.e | Remarks | reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GEN m| 1.902| .052| 1.142| 1.274| .806| 1.067| 2: .092| 4.070| 2: .250| VR |1975A&AS.1976..275R| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{l} \hline {\tt U-B} & color index $U-B$\\ {\tt V-B} & color index $V-B$\\ {\tt B1-B} & color index $B_1-B$\\ {\tt B2-B} & color index $B_2-B$\\ {\tt V1-B} & color index $V_1-B$\\ {\tt G-B} & color index $G-B$\\ {\tt Wt : m.e} & weight and $\sigma$ on color indices \\ {\tt Vmag} & $V$ magnitude \\ {\tt Wt : m.e} & weight and $\sigma$ on {\tt Vmag}\\ {\tt Remarks} & Remark flags: \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt V} & variable\\ {\tt D} & multiple\\ {\tt B} & spectroscopic binary\\ $\star$ & remark in the original catalogue\\ \hline \end{tabular} \\ {\tt reference} & source of the photometric data \\ \EndMesTable \section{GJ measurements} \index{GJ}\index{Gliese}\index{nearby star}\index{Jahreiss} These are data related to {\em nearby stars} (Catalog of stars within 20 parsecs of the Sun by {\ Gliese} ({\em Ver\"offlichungen Heidelberg Nr 22}), and continuations by Gliese and Jahreiss). \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 GJ | plx :p.e| Mabs Q| U | V | W | reference | ------------------------------------------------------------ GJ m| .124:005| .50 B| -17| -6| -8|1969GLIES.C.......G| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt plx : p.e} & resulting parallax and probable error\\ {\tt Mabs} & absolute magnitude ($M_v$ or $M_{pg}$) \\ {\tt Q} & Quality on {\tt Mabs} from {\tt A} (very good) to {\tt F} (very poor); \\ & {\tt P} means that {\tt Mabs} represents $M_{pg}$ \\ {\tt U} & component of velocity directed to ($b=0\d,\,\ell=0\d$)\\ {\tt V} & component of velocity directed to ($b=0\d,\,\ell=+90\d$)\\ {\tt W} & component of velocity directed to ($b=+90\d$)\\ {\tt Ref} & reference\\ \EndMesTable \section{Hbet measurements} \index{Hbeta}\index{hbet} The $H_\beta$ photometric system (Crawford and Mander, 1966, Astron. J. 7, 114) is the flux difference between two filters centered on $H_\beta$ ($4861\AA$) with widths of $150$ and $30$ $\AA$ respectively. The data are currently compiled by Institut d'Astronomie de Lausanne, at Geneva Observatory (Hauck, B. and Mermilliod, M., 1985, A{\&}A Sup. 60, 61). \begin{verbatim} Example: 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 hbet | H-bet|Rnmes| reference | ---------------------------------------- hbet m| 2.903| |1980A&AS...40....1H| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt H-bet} & value of $H_\beta$ index (in magnitudes)\\ {\tt Rnmes} & Number of measurements, preceded by the remark \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt S}& for standard values.\\ {\tt ?}& for unknown number of measurements.\\ {\tt >}& for lower bound of the number of measurements.\\ \hline \end{tabular} \\ {\tt reference} & source of the $H_\beta$ value \\ \EndMesTable \section {HGAM measurements} \index{HGAM} Values of the equivalent width of the $H_\gamma$ line, from Petrie et al., Publ. Dominion Astrophys. Obs. 14, 151, 1973, and continuations. \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012 HGAM | width (mes) | reference | ------------------------------------------ HGAM | 2.0 ( 2) |1973PDAOV..14..151P| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{p{12cm}} \hline {\tt width (mes)} & equivalent width of $H_\gamma$ line ($\AA$), and number of measurements within brackets\\ {\tt reference} & source of the $H_\gamma$ value \\ \EndMesTable \section {IRC measurements} \index{IRC}\index{Two micron sky survey} Infra-red measurements from the {\em Two micron sky survey}, by Neugebauer and Leighton, Calif. Institute of Technology, NASA, 1969. \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012 IRC | K-mag(mes) m.e:chi-2| I-mag(mes) m.e:chi-2| reference R| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ IRC m| 2.36( 3) .06: 1.78|E 3.45( 3) .06:14.34|1969$TMSS.C.......N | \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{p{11.5cm}} \hline {\tt K-mag (mes)}& $K$ magnitude (2.2 $\mu m$), eventually preceded by a remark \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt *} & magnitude out of scale\\ {\tt E} & $\chi^2$ is too large\\ \hline \end{tabular}\\ & and followed by the number of observations within brackets \\ {\tt m.e:chi-2} & $\sigma(K)$ and $\chi^2(K)$ \\ {\tt I-mag (mes)}& $I$ magnitude, eventually preceded by the same remark as for $K$ magnitude, and followed by the number of observations within brackets \\ {\tt m.e:chi-2} & $\sigma(I)$ and $\chi^2(I)$ \\ {\tt reference R} & bibliographic reference, followed by a general remark\\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt R} & remark in the original catalogue \\ {\tt ?} & question mark in the original catalogue \\ \end{tabular}\\ \EndMesTable \section{JP11 measurements} \index{JP11}\index{Johnson} $UBVRIJKLMNH$ Johnson's photometry. Each magnitude measurement is followed by the number of measurements within brackets, or the ``special values'' \begin{tabular}{cl} ({\tt S}) & for standard stars \\ ({\tt ?}) & when the number of observations is unknown \\ \end{tabular} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt U (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 360$ $nm$ \\ {\tt B (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 450$ $nm$ \\ {\tt V (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 555$ $nm$ \\ {\tt R (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 670$ $nm$ \\ {\tt I (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 870$ $nm$ \\ {\tt J (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 1.2$ $\mu m$ \\ {\tt K (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 2.2$ $\mu m$ \\ {\tt L (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 3.5$ $\mu m$ \\ {\tt M (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 5.0$ $\mu m$ \\ {\tt N (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 9.0$ $\mu m$ \\ {\tt H (nmes)} & magnitude at $\lambda_{eff} = 20 $ $\mu m$ \\ {\tt reference} & source of the photometric data \\ \EndMesTable \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 JP11 | U:360 (nmes )| B:450 (nmes )| V:555 (nmes )| R:670 (nmes )| I:87 0 (nmes )| J:1200 (nmes )| K:2200 (nmes )| L:3500 (nmes )| M:5000 (nm es )| N:9000 (nmes )| H:20000 (nmes )| reference | JP11 | .03 ( 9)| .03 ( 9)| .03 ( 9)| .07 ( 5)| .10 ( 5)| .02 ( 9)| .02 ( 9)| -.02 (? )| ~ ( )| ~ ( )| ~ ( )|1966$CLPL...4...99J| \end{verbatim} \section{MK measurements} \index{MK}\index{MSS} This section includes MK classifications in the Morgan-Keenan system from bibliographical surveys (e.g. by Jaschek M.), as well as the Michigan Catalogues of Two-Dimensional Spectral Types for the HD stars (Houk N., 1975, and seq.). \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 MK |ds/mss Spectral type | reference | --------------------------------------------------------------------- MK m| / G2Ibvar |1954ApJS....1..175B| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{p{11.5cm}} \hline {\tt ds/mss} & Brief description of the dispersive system used:\\ & \begin{tabular}{rl} \hline {\tt P} & prism \\ {\tt G} & grating \\ {\tt S} & slit spectrograph \\ {\tt OP} & objective prism \\ {\tt MS} & Michigan Spectral Survey \\ \hline \end{tabular}\\ & For {\tt MS} data, a {\em quality} index is included , in the range $[1\cdots 4]$ from good to poor, and further notes: \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt +} & the spectral type was found in the literature\\ {\tt X} & overlapping spectra \\ {\tt A} & averaged spectral classification \\ \hline \end{tabular}\\ {\tt Spectral type} & Spectral classification in the MK system\\ {\tt reference} & source of the spectral classification \\ \EndMesTable \section {PLX measurements} \index{PLX}\index{parallax} This section groups measurements of {\em trigonometric parallaxes}. \begin{verbatim} Example: 1234567890123456789012345678901234567 PLX | plx :p.e| reference | ------------------------------------- PLX | .005:004|1952$YUO.1952.....J| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt plx : p.e} & Trigonometric parallax $\pi$ ($''$), and probable error (in ${10^{-3}} ''$)\\ {\tt reference} & source of the parallax \\ \EndMesTable \section {PM measurements} \index{PM}\index{proper motion} This section groups all measurements of {\em stellar proper motions}, with the exception of SAO catalogue, listed separately. These data are presently given at equinox and epoch 1950, in the FK4 system. \begin{verbatim} Example: 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345 PM | pm-ra [ m.e ]| pm-de [ m.e ]| reference | ------------------------------------------------------- PM | -.026[ .015]| +.025[ .012]|1971$AGK3.C.......L| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt pm-ra [m.e.]} & $\mu_\alpha . \cos \delta$ in $''/yr$, and $\sigma$ within square bracket \\ {\tt pm-dec[m.e.]} & $\mu_\delta$ in $''/yr,$ and $\sigma$ within square bracket \\ {\tt reference} & source of the proper motions \\ \EndMesTable \section {pos measurements} \index{pos}\index{position} This section groups all measurements of {\em stellar positions}, with the exception of SAO data. \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678 pos | alpha delta |me.al me.de|equi epoch | reference | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pos |22 27 18.484 +58 09 31.78 | .37 .29 |1950 1956.70|1971$AGK3.C.......L| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt alpha delta} & $\alpha$ and $\delta$ in frame at equinox {\tt equi}, at {\tt epoch} \\ {\tt me.al me.de} & standard errors \quad $\sigma(\alpha \cos\delta)$ and $\sigma(\delta)$ (in $''$)\\ {\tt equi epoch} & equinox of the frame, and epoch of the observation \\ {\tt reference} & source of the position \\ \EndMesTable \section{ROT measurements} \index{ROT}\index{Vsini} Stellar Rotational Velocities. \begin{verbatim} 12345678901234567890123456789012345678 ROT |Vsini (mes)| reference | -------------------------------------- ROT | 9 ( )|1970$KwKy.189.....U| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt Vsini} & projected rotational velocity \quad $v \sin i$ ($km/s$) \\ {\tt (mes)} & number of measurements\\ {\tt reference} & source of the rotational velocity \\ \EndMesTable \section{RVEL measurements} \index{RVEL}\index{radial velocity} This section deals with radial velocities of {\em galaxies}. \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123 RVEL | Rvel (nmes)| rem |dis| reference | ----------------------------------------------------- RVEL m| +5100 ( )| | |1973UGC...C.......N| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt Rvel (nmes)} & radial velocity ($km/s$), and number of measurements \\ {\tt reference} & bibliographic reference \\ \EndMesTable \section {SAO measurements} \index{SAO} Data extracted from the SAO catalogue ({\em Star catalog of 258997 stars for the epoch and equinox 1950.0}, 1966) are: \begin{verbatim} 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123 SAO | alpha delta : m.e| pm-ra :m.e| pm-de :m.e| reference | --------------------------------------------------------------- SAO m|22 27 18.529 +58 09 31.77 : .04| +.012:001| +.005:001| 1966$SAO..C.......S| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt alpha delta } & $\alpha_{1950}$ and $\delta_{1950}$ for epoch 1950.0 (FK4 system) \\ {\tt m.e} & $\sigma$ of 1950 position ($''$)\\ {\tt pm-ra :m.e} & proper motion $\mu_\alpha \cos\delta$ in $''/yr$, and $\sigma$\\ {\tt pm-de :m.e} & proper motion $\mu_\delta$ in $''/yr$, and $\sigma$\\ \EndMesTable \section {TD1 measurements} \index{TD1} UV fluxes from TD1 satellite, by Thompson et al. ({\em Scientific Research Council}, 1978); magnitudes and standard errors are derived from absolute fluxes by means of the calibration by Hayes \& Latham ( A.~J. 197, 593, 1975). \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234 TD1 |m2740 : s.e|m2365 : s.e|m1965 : s.e|m1565 : s.e| reference | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- TD1 m| 5.42 : .13| 5.52 : .36| 5.17 : .53| 4.69 : .31|1978$TD1..C.......T| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt m2740 : s.e.} & magnitude at $274.0$ {\em nm} (effective width $310\AA$), with $\sigma$ \\ {\tt m2365 : s.e.} & magnitude at $236.5$ {\em nm} (effective width $330\AA$), with $\sigma$ \\ {\tt m1965 : s.e.} & magnitude at $196.5$ {\em nm} (effective width $330\AA$), with $\sigma$ \\ {\tt m1565 : s.e.} & magnitude at $156.5$ {\em nm} (effective width $330\AA$), with $\sigma$ \\ \EndMesTable \section {UBV measurements} \index{UBV}\index{Johnson}\index{Mermilliod} This section includes UBV data in {\em Johnson's UBV} system (see {\em e.g.} Johnson, H.L., 1963, in K.A.A. Strand (ed), {\em Basic Astronomical Data}, Univ. of Chicago Press, 204) compiled by J.-Cl. Mermilliod from Institut d'Astronomie de Lausanne (Mermilliod, J.-C., 1987, A{\&}A Sup. 71, 413). \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901 UBV | V B-V U-B |Q/nbm| remarks | reference | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- UBV |(*) 3.519 +.432 ~|? 1 |V |1980ApJS...44..427M| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt } & The Photometric System is described by the following notes:\\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt (C)} & Cape $U_cBV$ system \\ {\tt (E)} & Eggen's \\ {\tt (J)} & Johnson's 11-colour \\ {\tt (*)} & Other non-standard system \\ \hline \end{tabular} \\ {\tt V} & $V$ magnitude \\ {\tt B-V} & $(B-V)$ index \\ {\tt U-B} & $(U-B)$ index \\ {\tt Q/nbm} & Qualities on magnitudes, from {\tt A} (very good) to {\tt D} (poor), \\ & or number of measurements\\ {\tt remarks} & The possible remarks are: \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt V} & variable\\ {\tt V?} & suspected variable \\ {\tt D} & double\\ {\tt S} & standard\\ \hline \end{tabular} \\ {\tt reference} & Source of the $UBV$ data \\ \EndMesTable \section {uvby measurements} \index{uvby}\index{Stroemgren}\index{Hauck} The Str\"omgren $uvby$ photometric system ( see {\em e.g.} Str\"omgren B., 1966, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 4, 433) is an intermediate passband photometry. The data are currently compiled by Institut d'Astronomie de Lausanne, at Geneva Observatory (Hauck, B. and Mermilliod, M., 1985, A\&A Sup. 60, 61). The filters are characterized by the following values: \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{| l | r r r r |} \hline & $u$ & $v$ & $b$ & $y$ \\ \hline %$\lambda_0$ ($nm$) & Central $\lambda$ ($nm$) & 350 & 410 & 470 & 550 \\ %$\mu$ ($nm$) & Half-width ($nm$) & 38 & 20 & 10 & 20 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \begin{verbatim} Example: 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234 uvby | b-y | m1 | c1 |nbmes| reference | ------------------------------------------------------ UVBY m| .004| .157| 1.089| |1980A&AS...40....1H| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt (b-y)} & color index $b-y$ \\ {\tt m1} & index $m_1 = (v-b) - (b-y)$ \quad (Balmer discontinuity)\\ {\tt c1} & index $c_1 = (u-v) - (v-b)$ \quad (line blocking)\\ {\tt Nmes} & number of measurements for color indices. Remarks as: \\ & \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline {\tt S} & standard values.\\ {\tt ?} & unknown number of measurements.\\ {\tt >} & lower bound of the number of measurements.\\ \hline \end{tabular} \\ {\tt reference} & source of photometric data \\ \EndMesTable \section {V* measurements} \index{V*}\index{VAR}\index{Variable star}\index{Kukarkin} A few parameters concerning the variable stars were extracted mainly from the {\em General Catalog of Variable Stars} by Kukarkin et al. {\em USSR Academy of Sciences} ($3^{rd}$ edition in 1969, and continuations). \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345 V* |vartyp| Vmax p Vmin | period (d) | epoch (JD) |D/rt%| Reference | ----------------------------------------------------------------- V* m|Cd | 3.90 B 5.09 | 5.3663 | 2427628.86 |30.0 | 1969$GCVS.C03.....K| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{p{12cm}} \hline {\tt Typ} & Type of variability, summarized below\\ {\tt Max, p, min} & Maximum and minimum of brightness; {\tt p} specifies the type of magnitudes\\ {\tt P(d)} & period (in days)\\ {\tt Ep(JD)} & epoch (in Julian Days), which corresponds to: \\ & \begin{tabular}{cp{9cm}} $\bullet$ & {\bf maximum} light for pulsating variables (excluding RV Tau stars), $\alpha$ CVn stars, novae \\ $\bullet$ & {\bf minimum} light for eclipsing and ellipsoidal variables RV Tau stars \\ \end{tabular} \\ {\tt D/rt(\%)} & Duration of eclipse for Algol type stars, \\ & Raising time for all other variable types\\ {\tt Reference} & source of data \\ \EndMesTable The classification defined in the {\bf 3rd} Edition is: \begin{tabular}{| r l | r l |} \hline {\tt ACV }& $\alpha^2$ CVn & {\tt IS } & Rapid Irregular \\ {\tt BCEP }& $\beta$ Cep & {\tt L }& slow irregular \\ {\tt BLLAC } & BL Lac & {\tt LB }& slow late-type irregular\\ {\tt BY } & BY Dra & {\tt M } & Mira\\ {\tt CEP} & Long-period Cepheid& {\tt N } & Nova\\ {\tt CST }& constant & {\tt NL } & nova--like\\ {\tt CW }& W Vir & {\tt QSO} & Quasar \\ {\tt DCEP } & $\delta$ Cep (Classical Cepheid)& {\tt RCB} & R CrB \\ {\tt DSCT}& $\delta$ Sct& {\tt RR } & RR Lyr \\ {\tt E }& Eclipsing binary & {\tt RRC} & RR Lyr, $P \simeq 0.3d$ \\ {\tt EA }& Algol-type eclipsing binary& {\tt RV } & RV Tau (supergiants)\\ {\tt EB }& $\beta$ Lyr--type eclipsing bin.& {\tt S } & rapid variable \\ {\tt ELL }& ellipsoidal & {\tt SDOR}& S Dor \\ {\tt EW } & W UMa--type eclipsing binary & {\tt SR }& semi-regular\\ {\tt GCAS}& $\gamma$ Cas& {\tt SN }& Supernova\\ {\tt I }& Irregular& {\tt UG }& U Gem \\ {\tt IA }& Irregular of early type& {\tt UV }& UV Cet (flare) \\ {\tt IN }& Irregular in nebula& {\tt UVN }& UV Cet in nebula\\ {\tt INS }& Rapid irregular in nebula& {\tt ZAND}& Z And symbiotic star\\ {\tt INT }& T Tau irregular & {\tt ZCAM}& Z Cam \\ & & {\tt ZZC }& ZZ Cet \\ \hline \end{tabular} \section {z measurements} \index{z}\index{redshift} Redshift data for extragalactic sources: \begin{verbatim} Example: 12345678901234567890123456789012345 Z |redshift R| Reference | ----------------------------------- Z | .0658 |1989ApJS...70....1A| \end{verbatim} \BeginMesTable{ l } \hline {\tt z} & Redshift $z = \sqrt{\frac{1+\beta}{1-\beta}} -1$ \quad where $\beta = \frac{v}{c}$\\ {\tt Ref} & Redshift source \\ \EndMesTable %============================================== \chapter{Journals scanned for the bibliography} %============================================== \label{journal}\index{journal}\index{bibliography} \smallarraystretch The following journals and publications are currently scanned for the bibliography\footnote{A number of additional publications, including colloquia and symposia are scanned or have been scanned, but not in a systematic way.} \noindent \begin{tabular}[t]{| l p{12cm} |} \hline SIMBAD Code & Title \\ \hline {\tt A\&A...} & Astron. \& Astrophys. \\ {\tt A\&AS..} & Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. \\ {\tt AbOB..} & Abastumanskaya Astrofiz. Obs., Byull. \\ {\tt AcA...} & Acta Astronomica \\ {\tt AcApS.} & Acta Astrophys. Sinica \\ {\tt AcASn.} & Acta Astron. Sinica \\ {\tt Afz...} & Astrofizika \\ {\tt AfzI..} & Astrofizik. Issledovanija \\ {\tt \$AGAS.} & Astron. Gesellschaft Abstract Ser. \\ {\tt \$AIIS.} & Astrofizik. Issledovanija Sp. Obs. \\ {\tt AJ....} & Astronomical Journal \\ {\tt ANac..} & Astron. Nachr. \\ {\tt AnTok.} & Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs. \\ {\tt ApJ...} & Astrophysical Journal \\ {\tt ApJS..} & Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. \\ {\tt ApL...} & Astrophys. Lett. \& Communications \\ {\tt Ap\&SS.} & Astrophys. Space Sci. \\ {\tt AST...} & Aster \\ {\tt AsT...} & Astron. Tsirk. Kazan \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}[t]{| l p{12cm} |} \hline SIMBAD Code & Title \\ \hline {\tt Ast...} & Astronomy \\ {\tt AuJPh.} & Australian J. Phys. \\ {\tt AZh...} & Astron. Zu. \\ {\tt \$BAAA.} & Bol. Asociacion Argent. Astron. \\ {\tt BAAS..} & Bull. American Astron. Soc. \\ {\tt \$BCFH.} & Bull. CFH \\ {\tt \$CA...} & Comments on Astrophys. \\ {\tt \$CASP.} & Contr. Astron. Obs. Skalnate Pleso \\ {\tt \$CEsp.} & Ciel et Espace \\ {\tt ChA...} & Chinese Astron. \& Astrophys.\\ {\tt \$C\&T..} & Ciel et Terre \\ {\tt \$Ear..} & Earth, moon and planets \\ {\tt \$EJP..} & European J. Phys. \\ {\tt \$EL...} & Europhysics Lett. \\ {\tt \$ExAs.} & Experimental Astronomy \\ {\tt \$GemN.} & GEMINI Newsletter (RGO) \\ {\tt GrO...} & Griffith Obs. \\ {\tt IAUC..} & Circ. Bureau Central Telegrammes \\ {\tt IBVS..} & IAU Inform. Bull. Var. Stars \\ {\tt Icar..} & Icarus \\ {\tt \$IGAO.} & Izv. Glav. Astron. Obs. \\ {\tt IrAJ..} & Irish Astron. J. \\ {\tt \$IUEN.} & IUE ESA Newsletter \\ {\tt Izk...} & Izv. Krym. Astrofiz. Obs. \\ {\tt JAA...} & J. Astrophys. Astron. \\ {\tt JAF...} & J. Astronomes Francais \\ {\tt JAVso.} & J. Am. Assoc. Variable star obs. \\ {\tt JBAA..} & J. Br. Astron. Ass. \\ {\tt \$JBIS.} & J. Brit. Interpl. Soc. \\ {\tt \$JHA..} & J. History of Astronomy \\ {\tt JRASC.} & J. R. Astron. Soc. Can. \\ {\tt \$KFNK.} & Kinematika Fiz. Nebesn. Tel. \\ {\tt Last..} & L'astronomie \\ {\tt Merc..} & Mercury \\ {\tt Mess..} & The Messenger \\ {\tt MitAG.} & Mitteil. Astron. Gesellschaft \\ {\tt MitVS.} & Mitt. Verand. Sterne \\ {\tt MNRAS.} & Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. \\ {\tt MNSAf.} & Mon. Notes Astron. Soc. South Afr. \\ {\tt MSAIt.} & Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}[t]{| l p{12cm} |} \hline SIMBAD Code & Title \\ \hline {\tt Nat...} & Nature \\ {\tt \$NInf.} & Naucnye Informacii \\ {\tt NSci..} & New Scientist \\ {\tt PASAu.} & Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. \\ {\tt PASJ..} & Publ. Astron. Soc. Jap. \\ {\tt PASP..} & Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. \\ {\tt PAZh..} & Pis'ma Astron. Zu. \\ {\tt \$PBAO.} & Publ. Beijing Astron. Obs. \\ {\tt PDAOV.} & Publ. Dominion Astrophys. Obs. Victoria \\ {\tt \$PhR..} & Physics Reports \\ {\tt PhT...} & Physics Today \\ {\tt \$PPMO.} & Publ. Purple Mountain Obs. \\ {\tt \$PRA..} & Physical Review A \\ {\tt \$PRD..} & Physical Review D \\ {\tt \$PRL..} & Physical Review Letters \\ {\tt PTAO..} & Publ. Tartu Astrofiz. Obs. \\ {\tt PTRSL.} & Philos. Tr. R. Soc. London \\ {\tt PZ....} & Perem. Zvezdy \\ {\tt QJRAS.} & Quart. J. R. Astron. Soc. \\ {\tt Rech..} & La Recherche \\ {\tt RLuO..} & Reports Lund Obs. \\ {\tt RMxAA.} & Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. \\ {\tt \$RPD..} & Revue du Palais de la D\'ecouverte \\ {\tt SAAOC.} & South Afr. Astron. Obs. Circ. \\ {\tt \$SBO..} & Soobshch. Byurakan Obs. \\ {\tt Sci...} & Science \\ {\tt SciAm.} & Scientific American \\ {\tt ScN...} & Science News \\ {\tt \$SSAO.} & Soobshch. Spets. Astrof. Obs. \\ {\tt SSRev.} & Space Sci. Reviews \\ {\tt S\&T...} & Sky \& Telescope \\ {\tt SvA...} & Sov. Astron. \\ {\tt SvAL..} & Soviet Astron. Lett. \\ {\tt S\&W...} & Sterne und Weltraum \\ {\tt \$TAOL.} & Trudy Astron. Obs. Leningrad \\ {\tt \$TAOT.} & Tartu Astrofuus. Obs. Teated \\ {\tt \$TGAS.} & Trudy Gosud. Astron. Sternberga \\ {\tt \$VA...} & Vistas in Astronomy \\ {\tt VAOB..} & Vilnius Astron. Obs. Biul. \\ {\tt VSS...} & Veroeff. Sternwarte Sonneberg \\ \hline \end{tabular} %============================================== \chapter{From SIMBAD II to SIMBAD III} %============================================== \label{SIMBAD2}\index{SIMBAD II} %===================== \largearraystretch %===================== %********* %********* \newenvironment{changements}[1] % General topic {\vspace{0.7cm} {\bf #1:} \\ \vspace*{0.5cm} \begin{tabular}{|p{4cm}|p{11cm}|} \hline In SIMBAD II& How to do it in SIMBAD III \\ \hline }% { \hline \end{tabular} } \newcommand{\avant}[1]{ \begin{minipage}[t]{4cm} #1 \end{minipage}&} \newcommand{\apres}[1]{ \begin{minipage}[t]{11cm} #1 \end{minipage}\\} This appendix will be useful only for those users familiar with SIMBAD II. For each function found in SIMBAD II, it gives the corresponding way to do the same thing -- or the closest one -- in SIMBAD III. \begin{changements}{Entering and exiting the database and host computer} %------------------ \avant{Dialing SIMBAD host computer Transpac number} \apres{ Three main possibilities:\\ Through TRANSPAC: (02080)6700091733\\ Through INTERNET: {\ttc telnet 130.79.128.4} \\ Through SPAN: {\ttc set host SIMBAD} } \avant{Enter the programme by {\tt @simbad.p}...} \apres{ Automatic call of {\ttc simbad} } \avant{Terminating a session through {\tt END} or {\tt STOP}} \apres{ Use the command {\ttc session exit} (or {\ttc stop}) } \avant{Terminating if troubles: {\tt @@X IOT}} \apres{ Cancel the programme through \Ctrl{C} } \avant{Ending the session ({\tt @fin} and {\tt @@term)}} \apres{ at the UNIX level, send the command {\ttc exit} or {\ttc logout} or \Ctrl{D}, eventually two times. } \end{changements} \begin{changements}{Main commands} %------------------ \avant{Searches by objects} \apres{ Ask the database agent: {\tt simbad search {\it identifier}} } \avant{Searches by coordinates} \apres{ Ask the database agent: {\tt simbad search {\it coordinates}} } \avant{Sampling} \apres{ Define a filter agent: {\tt session use filter {\em filter-name}}\\ add or modify selection criteria {\em filter-name} set\\ execute the sample: {\tt simbad search -> '}{\em filtername} } \avant{Editor and output definition at the beginning of a session} \apres{ use a \agent{format} agent; define it (at any moment). } \avant{Selector} \apres{ use a \agent{filter} agent. } \end{changements} \begin{changements}{Special commands} \avant{HELP} \apres{ {\tt ?} \quad for context sensitive help, or\\ {\ttc help display} to begin at the root of the help. } \avant{INFO} \apres{ {\ttc info} (short list) or {\ttc info~-l} (long list) } \avant{FILE} \apres{ Not yet available. } \avant{WAIT} \apres{ not needed (no time-out is implemented). } \avant{STOP} \apres{ use at any moment the command {\ttc stop}. } \avant{MSG} \apres{ Sending a message to the CDS staff, reading messages coming from the CDS is done through the mail agent. Its main functions are {\ttc mail~read}, \quad {\ttc mail~send}. } \avant{NEWS} \apres{ News are displayed at the beginning of a session. } \avant{TIME} \apres{ Not yet available. } \avant{TSUP} \apres{ Not yet available. } \end{changements} % =============================== % INDEX %================================ \theindex \item !\quad {\bf 115} \item /\quad 75, 86, 92, 115 \item --\quad 92 \item .\quad 115 \item :\quad 115 \item ;\quad 92 \item ?\quad 48, 115 \item \#\quad 77 \item \&\quad 25, 53, 115 \indexspace \item {\tt <|}\quad 115 \item {\tt <}\quad 115 \item {\tt >|}\quad 115 \item {\tt >}\quad 115 \indexspace \item access to SIMBAD\quad {\bf 13} \item agent\quad 53, {\bf 101} \subitem astrobj\quad 63, {\bf 102} \subitem Database\quad {\bf 101} \subitem filter\quad 65, {\bf 103} \subitem format\quad 73, {\bf 104} \subitem help\quad 48, {\bf 106} \subitem macro\quad 91, {\bf 105} \subitem mail\quad 90, {\bf 106} \subitem objlist\quad 71, {\bf 103} \subitem reflist\quad {\bf 102} \subitem session\quad 85, {\bf 102} \subitem UIF\quad 47, 86, {\bf 104} \subitem user\quad {\bf 105} \item all\quad 26, 64 \item astronomical object\quad {\bf 63} \item Astronomisches Rechen Institut\quad 7 \indexspace \item B-V\quad 68 \item basic\quad 26, 56, 64 \item basic data\quad 9, 56 \item basicdata\quad 40, 44 \item bib\quad 26, 64, 70 \item bibcode\quad 26, 64 \item bibliography\quad 9, 40, 44, {\bf 60}, 140 \item bibtext\quad 26 \item bibyears\quad 26, 64, 83 \item BITNET\quad 13, 43, 44, 88 \item bye\quad 17, 20, 26, 31, 33, 34, 50, 54, 64, 86, 90, 92, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 \indexspace \item c\quad 87 \item CAT\quad 69 \item catalog\quad 26 \item catalogue\quad 9, 24, 59, 64, 126 \item categories\quad 54 \item CDS\quad 8 \item CEL\quad 127 \item CIRCLE\quad 67 \item Cl\quad 121 \item clone\quad 74, 103, 104 \item cluster\quad 24, 121 \item cmdfile\quad 75, {\bf 88} \item COM\quad 77 \item command\quad 16, 23, 53, {\bf 54} \subitem special\quad 115 \item compil\quad 104 \item component\quad 24 \item connection\quad 8 \item constellation\quad 24, 120 \item cont\quad 47, 87 \item contents\quad 56 \item context\quad 48, 54 \item COO\quad 79 \item cooequinox\quad 32, 83, 88 \item coolist\quad {\bf 40}, 43 \item cooradius\quad 33, 83 \item coordinates\quad 32 \item criteria\quad 36 \item cross identification\quad 9, 59 \item CSI\quad 8 \item current context\quad 54 \indexspace \item data\quad 26, 64, 69 \item database\quad \subitem network access\quad {\bf 13} \subitem password\quad {\bf 14} \subitem username\quad {\bf 14} \item DEC\quad 68 \item DECNET\quad 8 \item define\quad 102 \item delete\quad 103 \item describe\quad 103 \item DIM\quad 67, 79 \item dimension\quad 59 \item display\quad 63, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 \item displayed\quad 47 \item double system\quad 58 \indexspace \item echo\quad 102 \item EDITOR\quad 83, 94 \item electronic mail\quad 43 \item env\quad 44, {\bf 83} \item environment\quad 40 \item environment variable\quad 74, {\bf 83}, {\bf 85} \item epoch\quad 32, 57 \item equi1\quad 26, 88 \item equi2\quad 26, 88 \item equinox\quad 32, 57, 67, 88 \item EQUINOX1\quad 83 \item EQUINOX2\quad 83 \item ESIS\quad 13, 14 \item exit\quad 102 \item exit a session\quad 50 \indexspace \item FIELD\quad 67 \item file copy\quad 40 \item fileoutput\quad 87 \item filter\quad {\bf 36}, 37, {\bf 65} \item FIN\quad 77 \item FM-IMMEDIATE\quad 74, 83, 107 \item FM-LIST\quad 74, 83, 113 \item FM-STANDARD\quad 74, 83, 84, 109 \item format\quad 8, 44, {\bf 73} \subitem default\quad 107 \item full\quad 86 \item full screen mode\quad 86 \indexspace \item GCRV\quad 128 \item GEN\quad 129 \item Geneva photometry\quad 129 \item GJ\quad 130 \item Gliese\quad 130 \item greek letter\quad 24, 119 \indexspace \item Hauck\quad 136 \item hbet\quad 130 \item Hbeta\quad 130 \item help\quad {\bf 48} \item HGAM\quad 131 \item host\quad 102 \item host computer\quad 8 \indexspace \item IAP\quad 7, 61 \item IC\quad 77 \item id\quad 26, 64, 78 \item identification\quad 59 \item identifier syntax\quad 23 \item idlist\quad {\bf 40}, 43 \item immediate format\quad 73 \item info\quad 48, 121 \item inputfile\quad 87 \item INSU\quad 8 \item INTERNET\quad 8, 13, 14, 44, 88 \item IRC\quad 131 \indexspace \item Jahreiss\quad 130 \item Johnson\quad 132, 136 \item journal\quad 140 \item JP11\quad 132 \indexspace \item keep\quad 63, 102 \item Kukarkin\quad 137 \indexspace \item Lausanne\quad 7 \item list\quad 40 \item list format\quad 73 \item LLG\quad 78 \item log\quad {\bf 47}, 87 \item login\quad 14 \item Lortet\quad 59 \indexspace \item macro\quad {\bf 91} \item MAG\quad 79 \item magnitude\quad 57 \item mail\quad {\bf 90} \item maxdata\quad 40, 44 \item MB\quad 68 \item measurement\quad 9, 60, 126 \item Mermilliod\quad 136 \item MES\quad 81 \item MESCAT\quad 80, 83, 85 \item MESTYP\quad 81, 83, 85 \item Minitel\quad 14 \item MK\quad 132 \item modify\quad 105 \item morphological type\quad 58, 125 \item MSS\quad 132 \item MT\quad 80 \item MV\quad 68 \indexspace \item NAME\quad 24 \item nbib\quad 26, 64 \item ndata\quad 26, 64 \item nearby star\quad 130 \item NED\quad 7, 61 \item network\quad 8 \subitem Internet\quad 13 \subitem SPAN\quad 13 \subitem X.25\quad 13 \indexspace \item OBJECT\quad 69, 80 \item object list\quad 33, 63, {\bf 71} \item object type\quad 64, 69, 80 \item OBJID\quad 78 \item Observatoire de Bordeaux\quad 7, 61 \item Observatoire de Gen\`eve\quad 7 \item Observatoire de Lyon\quad 7 \item Observatoire de Paris\quad 7, 59, 61 \item off\quad 105 \item on\quad 105 \indexspace \item page\quad 47, 87 \item parallax\quad 133 \item parameter\quad 53 \item parameter (of a command)\quad 54 \item Password\quad 13, 15 \item PLX\quad 133 \item PM\quad 59, 68, 79, 133 \item pos\quad 57, 134 \item position\quad 134 \item precision\quad 57 \item proper motion\quad 32, 57, 59, 133 \item Proteus/Termwindows\quad 86 \item public network\quad 8, 13 \indexspace \item Query by coordinates\quad {\bf 32} \item quit the database\quad 50 \item quote\quad 36 \indexspace \item RA\quad 68 \item radial velocity\quad 128, 134 \item radius\quad 33, 67 \item read\quad 106 \item record length\quad 78 \item redshift\quad 138 \item REF\quad 81 \item reference code\quad 16, {\bf 60} \item release\quad 101, 102, 103, 104 \item ROT\quad 134 \item RVEL\quad 134 \indexspace \item sampling\quad {\bf 36} \item SAO\quad 14, 57, 59, 135 \item save\quad 106 \item screen\quad 86 \item screenoutput\quad 86 \item search\quad 101 \item send\quad 106 \item sendlog\quad {\bf 47}, 87 \item session\quad 50, {\bf 85} \subitem define\quad 84, 85 \item set\quad 103, 104, 105 \item SIMBAD II\quad 8, 143 \item simple\quad 86 \item SKIP\quad 77 \item smbmail\quad {\bf 43} \item SP\quad 69, 80 \item SPAN\quad 8, 13, 14, 44, 88 \item special command\quad 115 \item spectral type\quad 58, 123 \item SPL\quad 69 \item SPT\quad 69 \item standard format\quad 73 \item stop\quad 20, 50 \item Stroemgren\quad 136 \indexspace \item TD1\quad 135 \item Teletel\quad 14 \item test\quad 105 \item TEXT\quad 77 \item text editor\quad {\bf 94} \item TRANSPAC\quad 13 \item tty\quad 86 \item tty mode\quad 86 \item Two micron sky survey\quad 131 \indexspace \item UBV\quad 136 \item uif\quad {\bf 86} \item ULP\quad 8 \item undisplayed\quad 47 \item Unix\quad 8 \item updating\quad 9, 61 \item use\quad 102 \item user\quad {\bf 88} \item user interface\quad 9, 86 \item user.cmd\quad {\bf 88} \item Userid\quad 13 \item usual\quad 86 \item uvby\quad 136 \indexspace \item V*\quad 137 \item VAR\quad 137 \item variable star\quad 58, 137 \item verb\quad 53 \item vi\quad {\bf 94} \item Vsini\quad 134 \indexspace \item write\quad 103, 104, 105 \indexspace \item z\quad 138 \endtheindex \end{document}