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% TEMPLATE.TEX -- APN3 (2003) ASP Conference Proceedings template.
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% Derived from ADASS VIII (98) ASP Conference Proceedings template
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% D.Bohlender for ADASS 2001, and H. Payne for ADASS XII and LaTeX2e.
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\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}  % Leave intact
\usepackage{adassconf}

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\begin{document}   % Leave intact

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%			    Paper ID Code
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Enter the proper paper identification code.  The ID code for your
% paper is the session number associated with your presentation as
% published in the official conference proceedings.  You can           
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% EXAMPLE: \paperID{O4-1}
% EXAMPLE: \paperID{P7-7}
%

\paperID{P2-31}
%%%% ID=P2-31

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%		            Paper Title 
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Enter the title of the paper.
%
% EXAMPLE: \title{A Breakthrough in Astronomical Software Development}
% 
% If your title is so long as to fill the page header when you print it,
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%  \titlemark{Rapid Development for Distributed Computing}
%

\title{BDB - a database for all types of double stars }
%\titlemark{ }

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%		          Authors of Paper
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Enter the authors followed by their affiliations.  The \author and
% \affil commands may appear multiple times as necessary (see example
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%
% EXAMPLE: \author{Raymond Plante, Doug Roberts, 
%                  R.\ M.\ Crutcher\altaffilmark{1}}
%          \affil{National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 
%                 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
%                 61801}
%          \author{Tom Troland}
%          \affil{University of Kentucky}
%
%          \altaffiltext{1}{Astronomy Department, UIUC}
%
% In this example, the first three authors, "Plante", "Roberts", and
% "Crutcher" are affiliated with "NCSA".  "Crutcher" has an alternate 
% affiliation with the "Astronomy Department".  The fourth author,
% "Troland", is affiliated with "University of Kentucky"

\author{Edouard Oblak, Bernard Debray}
        \affil{Besan\c con Observatory,
            F-25010 Besan\c con Cedex,
            UMR CNRS 6091}
        \author{Tomasz Kundera}
        \affil{Cracow Observatory, PL-30244 Cracow}
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%			 Contact Information
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% EXAMPLE:  \contact{Dennis Crabtree}
%           \email{crabtree@cfht.hawaii.edu}
%

\contact{Edouard Oblak}
\email{oblak@obs-besancon.fr}

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%		      Author Index Specification
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Specify how each author name should appear in the author index.  The 
% \paindex{ } should be used to indicate the primary author, and the
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% SYNTAX:  \aindex{Lastname, F. M.}
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% EXAMPLE: \paindex{Crabtree, D.}
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% NOTE: this information is also used to build the author list that
% appears in the table of contents.  Authors will be listed in the order
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%

\paindex{Oblak, E.}
\aindex{Debray, B.}     % Remove this line if there is only one author
\aindex{Kundera, T.}

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%		      Author list for page header	
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Please supply a list of author last names for the page header. in
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% EXAMPLES:
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%
% Use the "et al." form in the case of seven or more authors, or if
% the preferred form is too long to fit in the header.

\authormark{Oblak, Debray, Kundera}

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%			Subject Index keywords
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Enter a comma separated list of up to 6 keywords describing your
% paper.  These will NOT be printed as part of your paper; however,
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% for past proceedings (http://adass.org/adass/proceedings/).
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% EXAMPLE:  \keywords{visualization, astronomy: radio, parallel
%                     computing, AIPS++, Galactic Center}
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% In this example, the author noticed that "radio astronomy" appeared
% in the ADASS VII Index as "astronomy" being the major keyword and
% "radio" as the minor keyword.  The colon is used to introduce another
% level into the index.

\keywords{astronomy: double stars}

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%			       Abstract
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Type abstract in the space below.  Consult the User Guide and Latex
% Information file for a list of supported macros (e.g. for typesetting 
% special symbols). Do not leave a blank line between \begin{abstract} 
% and the start of your text.

\begin{abstract}          % Leave intact
% Place the text of your abstract here - NO BLANK LINES
We present the general characteristics of a database for binary and multiple stars from all observational categories, specifically designed to address the
awkward topics of the identification of stellar components. BDB is based on a modular architecture to allow the easy integration of data from various
sources. We describe in particular the set up of connections with other double star databases through the Internet. Additional tools are being developped for
the processing of image data. The implementation of standards for the connection of BDB with Virtual Observatory projects is reviewed.
\end{abstract}

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%			      Main Body
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% Place the text for the main body of the paper here.  You should use
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% EXAMPLE:  \section{Introduction}
%           ...
%           \subsection{Our View of the World}
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% It is recommended that you look at the sample papers, sample1.tex
% and sample2.tex, for examples for formatting references, footnotes,
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\section{Introduction}
Why a SIMBAD-like database for double and multiple stars?\\
\begin{itemize}
\item to put together the various data of all types of double stars (Fig. 1),
\item to avoid the well known difficulties specific to binaries:\\
confusions between systems, components, measurements, identifiers, ...
\item to show the multiple belonging of a system to the different types of binaries (Fig. 1),
\item to give an easy and simultaneous access to ALL data relevant to any object.
\item more than 50~\% of the stars in a large neighbourhood of the Sun belong to double or multiple systems.
\end{itemize}

\noindent %%FO
The number and diversity of binary stars support the need for the creation 
of a database that cross-refers and compiles data about the various 
observational categories (Oblak 2001).\\
What is sought through BDB is to set at the disposal of the community of stellar astronomers, the query tools necessary to retrieve numerical or image data over the Internet.\\
BDB has been developed since 1995.
\begin{figure}
\epsscale{.80}
\plotone{P2-31-double-type-ang.eps}
\caption{The categories of double stars in term of angular separation given in arcseconds and astronomical units.} \label{P2-31:T1.10-fig-1}
\end{figure}
\begin{quote}
\begin{figure}[h]
\epsscale{.7}
\plottwo{P2-31-organigramme.ps}{P2-31-organisation2.eps}
\caption{General computing scheme of BDB and the computing organisation of BDB.
 the CROSS field contains the identifiers taken from the various catalogues
 CAT1, CAT2, ...etc.} \label{P2-31:T1.10-fig-2}
\end{figure}
\end{quote}
\section{The Computing Structure of BDB}
BDB is managed through the /rdb relational data base management system. A CROSS files supplies the cross-identification between the different identifiers of a given component of a double star. An internal unique order number, called BID, is also assigned to the star.\\
 A second file MAIN supplies the type of the binary system, the number and the 2000 equatorial coordinates (Fig. 2).\\
 Each local or remote set of data (catalogue, images,~...) is accessed separately by the query scripts  allowing  easy integration of new data, updates, corrections,~...
The MAIN field gives the basic information on the stellar systems : the type of the system or the number of the components.
\section{ Astronomical Content of BDB}
Catalogues of the following observational categories of binary stars are available through the database : visual, spectroscopic, interferometric and photometric.
More detailed informations can be found on the data base web site : {\texttt{http://bdb.obs-besancon.fr/}}.\\
Photometric measurements in the three photometric systems (UBV, Str\"omgren and Geneva : 1995 for the moment) were also integrated in BDB.\\
The BDBJAVA tool has been developed to compare numerical data from several catalogues with the Digitized Sky Survey and CCD images (our own observations of a European Network) of visual binaries (Fig. 3).\\
Thanks to computing links with external databases, BDB gives the possibility to access data from the SIDONIE visual binary database (Observatoire de la C\^ote d'Azur, France), IAU's SB9 spectroscopic database (Brussels, Belgium), Cracow data base of eclipsing binaries (Poland) and the Simbad database (CDS).
\begin{quote}
\begin{figure}[h]
\epsscale{.70}
\plotone{P2-31-capture2.eps}
\caption{Example from BDBjava : comparison between numerical data and 
images from  DSS and CCD.} \label{P2-31:T1.10-fig-3}
\end{figure}
\end{quote}

\section{Development Perspectives}
Besides the continous integration of new data specific to all observational categories, short-term developments focus on two axes:\\
1) interconnections with other databases\\
2) the output of data in XML format, especially for interoperability purposes; a
first experimental implementation was made using the Astrores DTD. The work will
now be turned into the new VOTable scheme (Ochsenbein et al. 2002) which was
defined in the framework of developments for the Virtual Observatory initiative.
Concurrently, other standards will also be considered, especially UCDs - Unified
Column Descriptors - (Derri\`ere et al. 2002).

\section{Conclusions}
Thanks to its structure and to its development scheme, the BDB data base allows
now to raise the ambiguity that is very often met when one has to deal with
binary stars. It could play a useful complementary role to CDS'SIMBAD in
supplying data specific to binary stars.\\ BDB can turn out to be a useful tool
for forthcoming projects such as GAIA.

\begin{references}
\reference Derri\`ere, S., Ochsenbein, F., Ortiz, P.  2002,
   ``UCDs: Metadata for the V.O."
   in ``Toward an International Virtual Observatory, Scientific Motivation, 
   Roadmap for Development and Current Status"
   Springer-Verlag, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, (in press),
   eds.~K.M. Gsrski and P.J.   Quinn
\reference Oblak, E. 2001, ``Quelques bases de donn\'ees d'\'etoiles doubles 
   et multiples", Ecole CNRS de Goutelas ``Etoiles doubles:
   des \'etoiles \`a grande s\'eparations aux binaires X", 
   353-371, eds.~D.~Egret, J.L.~Halbwachs et J.M.~Hameury
\reference Ochsenbein, F., Williams, R., Davenhall, C., Durand, D., 
   Fernique, P.,
   Giaretta, D., Hanisch, R., McGlynn, T., Szalay, A., Wicenec A.  2002,
  ``VOTable - A Proposed XML Format for Astronomical Tables",
  in ``Toward an International Virtual Observatory, Scientific Motivation, 
  Roadmapfor Development and Current Status", Springer-Verlag, ESO 
  Astrophysics Symposia (in press),
  eds.~K.~Gsrski and P.J.~Quinn
\end{references}
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%			      References
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
% List your references below within the reference environment
% (i.e. between the \begin{references} and \end{references} tags).
% Each new reference should begin with a \reference command which sets
% up the proper indentation.  Observe the following order when listing
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% articles.  Note that many journal names are available as macros; see
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%
% EXAMPLE:  \reference Hagiwara, K., \& Zeppenfeld, D.\  1986, 
%                Nucl.Phys., 274, 1
%           \reference H\'enon, M.\  1961, Ann.d'Ap., 24, 369
%           \reference King, I.\ R.\  1966, \aj, 71, 276
%           \reference King, I.\ R.\  1975, in Dynamics of Stellar 
%                Systems, ed.\ A.\ Hayli (Dordrecht: Reidel), 99
%           \reference Tody, D.\  1998, \adassvii, 146
%           \reference Zacharias, N.\ \& Zacharias, M.\ 2003,
%                \adassxii, \paperref{P7.6}
% 
% Note the following tricks used in the example above:
%
%   o  \& is used to format an ampersand symbol (&).
%   o  \'e puts an accent agu over the letter e.  See the User Guide
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%      note in the "Paper ID Code" section above for details on how to 
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%\begin{references}
%\end{references}

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