%%% Modifs FO %APN3_PROCEEDINGS_FORM%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % TEMPLATE.TEX -- APN3 (2003) ASP Conference Proceedings template. % % Derived from ADASS VIII (98) ASP Conference Proceedings template % Updated by N. Manset for ADASS IX (99), F. Primini for ADASS 2000, % D.Bohlender for ADASS 2001, and H. Payne for ADASS XII and LaTeX2e. % % Use this template to create your proceedings paper in LaTeX format % by following the instructions given below. Much of the input will % be enclosed by braces (i.e., { }). The percent sign, "%", denotes % the start of a comment; text after it will be ignored by LaTeX. % You might also notice in some of the examples below the use of "\ " % after a period; this prevents LaTeX from interpreting the period as % the end of a sentence and putting extra space after it. % % You should check your paper by processing it with LaTeX. For % details about how to run LaTeX as well as how to print out the User % Guide, consult the README file. You should also consult the sample % LaTeX papers, sample1.tex and sample2.tex, for examples of including % figures, html links, special symbols, and other advanced features. % % If you do not have access to the LaTeX software or a laser printer % at your site, you can still prepare your paper following the % instructions in the User Guide. In such cases, the editors will % process the file and make any necessary editorial adjustments. % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % \documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article} % Leave intact \usepackage{adassconf} % If you have the old LaTeX 2.09, and not the current LaTeX2e, comment % out the \documentclass and \usepackage lines above and uncomment % the following: %\documentstyle[11pt,twoside,adassconf]{article} \begin{document} % Leave intact %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Paper ID Code %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter the proper paper identification code. The ID code for your % paper is the session number associated with your presentation as % published in the official conference proceedings. You can % find this number locating your abstract in the printed proceedings % that you received at the meeting or on-line at the conference web % site; the ID code is the letter/number sequence proceeding the title % of your presentation. % % This will not appear in your paper; however, it allows different % papers in the proceedings to cross-reference each other. Note that % you should only have one \paperID, and it should not include a % trailing period. % % EXAMPLE: \paperID{O4-1} % EXAMPLE: \paperID{P7-7} % \paperID{P2-4} %%%% ID=P2-4 %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Paper Title %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter the title of the paper. % % EXAMPLE: \title{A Breakthrough in Astronomical Software Development} % % If your title is so long as to fill the page header when you print it, % then please supply a short form as a \titlemark. % % EXAMPLE: % \title{Rapid Development for Distributed Computing, with Implications % for the Virtual Observatory} % \titlemark{Rapid Development for Distributed Computing} % \title{Chandra FITS Dictionary} %\titlemark{ } %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Authors of Paper %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter the authors followed by their affiliations. The \author and % \affil commands may appear multiple times as necessary (see example % below). List each author by giving the first name or initials first % followed by the last name. Authors with the same affiliations % should grouped together. % % EXAMPLE: \author{Raymond Plante, Doug Roberts, % R.\ M.\ Crutcher\altaffilmark{1}} % \affil{National Center for Supercomputing Applications, % University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL % 61801} % \author{Tom Troland} % \affil{University of Kentucky} % % \altaffiltext{1}{Astronomy Department, UIUC} % % In this example, the first three authors, "Plante", "Roberts", and % "Crutcher" are affiliated with "NCSA". "Crutcher" has an alternate % affiliation with the "Astronomy Department". The fourth author, % "Troland", is affiliated with "University of Kentucky" \author{S. Winkelman, A. Rots, K. Michaud, S. Blecksmith} \affil{Chandra X-Ray Center/Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Contact Information %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % This information will not appear in the paper but will be used by % the editors in case you need to be contacted concerning your % submission. Enter your name as the contact along with your email % address. % % EXAMPLE: \contact{Dennis Crabtree} % \email{crabtree@cfht.hawaii.edu} % \contact{Sherry Winkelman} \email{swinkelman@cfa.harvard.edu} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Author Index Specification %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Specify how each author name should appear in the author index. The % \paindex{ } should be used to indicate the primary author, and the % \aindex for all other co-authors. You MUST use the following % syntax: % % SYNTAX: \aindex{Lastname, F. M.} % % where F is the first initial and M is the second initial (if % used). This guarantees that authors that appear in multiple papers % will appear only once in the author index. % % EXAMPLE: \paindex{Crabtree, D.} % \aindex{Manset, N.} % \aindex{Veillet, C.} % % NOTE: this information is also used to build the author list that % appears in the table of contents. Authors will be listed in the order % of the \paindex and \aindex commmands. % \paindex{Winkelman, S. L.} \aindex{Rots, A. H.} % Remove this line if there is only one author \aindex{Michaud, K.} % Remove this line if there is only one author \aindex{Blecksmith, S. E.} % Remove this line if there is only one author %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Author list for page header %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Please supply a list of author last names for the page header. in % one of these formats: % % EXAMPLES: % \authormark{Lastname} % \authormark{Lastname1 \& Lastname2} % \authormark{Lastname1, Lastname2, ... \& LastnameN} % \authormark{Lastname et al.} % % Use the "et al." form in the case of seven or more authors, or if % the preferred form is too long to fit in the header. \authormark{Winkelman, Rots, Michaud, Blecksmith} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Subject Index keywords %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter a comma separated list of up to 6 keywords describing your % paper. These will NOT be printed as part of your paper; however, % they will be used to generate the subject index for the proceedings. % There is no standard list; however, you can consult the indices % for past proceedings (http://adass.org/adass/proceedings/). % % EXAMPLE: \keywords{visualization, astronomy: radio, parallel % computing, AIPS++, Galactic Center} % % In this example, the author noticed that "radio astronomy" appeared % in the ADASS VII Index as "astronomy" being the major keyword and % "radio" as the minor keyword. The colon is used to introduce another % level into the index. \keywords{databases, archives, observatory: operations, interoperability, X-ray} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Abstract %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Type abstract in the space below. Consult the User Guide and Latex % Information file for a list of supported macros (e.g. for typesetting % special symbols). Do not leave a blank line between \begin{abstract} % and the start of your text. \begin{abstract} % Leave intact % Place the text of your abstract here - NO BLANK LINES Well-defined data and metadata specifications are fundamental for the operation of large observing facilities. We have collected the complete body of FITS keywords, as used in Chandra data products, into a dictionary database that provides easy access to their use and meaning. We present an account of the functionality of the dictionary, as well as a description of the database design and details of the tools which display the dictionary. \end{abstract} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Main Body %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Place the text for the main body of the paper here. You should use % the \section command to label the various sections; use of % \subsection is optional. Significant words in section titles should % be capitalized. Sections and subsections will be numbered % automatically. % % EXAMPLE: \section{Introduction} % ... % \subsection{Our View of the World} % ... % \section{A New Approach} % % It is recommended that you look at the sample papers, sample1.tex % and sample2.tex, for examples for formatting references, footnotes, % figures, equations, html links, lists, and other special features. \section{Introduction} Well-defined data and metadata specifications are fundamental for the operation of large observing facilities. For the Chandra Data Archive almost all data products are in FITS format, following a stringent set of conventions concerning the data formats and header construction. The header keywords form the core of the metadata for our archive, therefore a proper understanding of the rules and conventions that govern their meaning and usage is essential to a correct interpretation of the data. We have collected the complete body of FITS keywords, as used in Chandra data products, into a dictionary database that provides easy access to their use and meaning. As such, it provides metadata on the metadata. This is of obvious interest to our users, but also, and particularly, for facilitating multi-mission data analysis. In addition, such dictionaries are invaluable as an aide to projects and missions that are in the process of defining their metadata conventions. Finally, the Virtual Observatory also has a clear need for electronic access to metadata definitions. \section{The Dictionary} The Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) FITS dictionary was designed to provide general definitions of the approximately 300 keywords. In addition, the dictionary also provides more detailed definitions of keywords as %FO: used they are used in the more than 250 distinct types of FITS files produced in the processing of Chandra data. All definitions include a detailed definition, a descriptive string describing the keyword, and a datatype. To complete the definition, the format, units, maximum and minimum values, allowed values, default values, and notes on usage of a keyword are included where appropriate. \newpage In order to accommodate the various needs of users, the CXC FITS web interface gives users three forms of access to the dictionary. \begin{description} \begin{figure} \epsscale{0.8} \plottwo{P2-4_f1-1.eps}{P2-4_f1-2.eps} \caption{Snapshots of the search and browse screens.} \label{P2-4:fig1} \end{figure} \begin{figure} \epsscale{0.8} \plottwo{P2-4_f2-1.eps}{P2-4_f2-2.eps} \caption{Snapshots of the generate header screen and a sample header.} \label{P2-4:fig2} \end{figure} \item{Search by keyword:} This page returns general definitions that apply to all CXC data files. Wildcards can be used in the search. If an exact match cannot be made, close matches will be returned. A list of filetypes using the keyword is also returned. See Figure~\ref{P2-4:fig1} for a snapshot. \item{Browse the database:} This page allows the user to browse the database by specific filetype. The keyword definition that is returned will be specific to its use in that filetype. For keywords that contain an index (eg., HDUCLASn), each value for the filetype is returned. For keywords that come in groups (eg., TTYPEn, TFORMn, TUNITn, etc.), a link is provided to a table giving the full group definition for the filetype. See Figure~\ref{P2-4:fig1} for a snapshot. \item{Generate schematic FITS headers:} This page generates a schematic FITS header for a selected filetype. The schematic includes the keywords, default values, FITS comments, datatypes, and formats for each HDU contained in the header. See Figure~\ref{P2-4:fig2} for a snapshot. \end{description} \section{The Database} \begin{figure} \epsscale{0.8} \plotone{P2-4_f3.eps} \caption{Diagram of the relationship (one-to-one or one-to-many) between the columns used to join tables in the database. The dotted lines are links between the usage\_note table and the rest of the database. The dashed lines are links between the reference table and the rest of the database.} \label{P2-4:fig3} \end{figure} The CXC follows a stringent set of conventions regarding header construction. A %%FO (the 'A' added) filetype is composed of one or more Header-Data Units (HDU). Each HDU's header contains a set of components. These components consist of fixed sets of keywords. In addition, each filetype may contain additional keywords. There are also ordering requirements for header components and keywords. As a result, the dictionary database became quite involved. The database layout is loosely based on the keyword database design used by the Space Telescope Science Institute. See Figure~\ref{P2-4:fig3} for a diagram of the database structure. The tables fall into three categories: those which define the keywords to varying degrees of specificity; those which provide locations of keywords within headers; and those which provide references for the information within the database. \section{Conclusion} The database and dictionary interface are mostly mission-independent, possibly requiring minor revisions to one table in the database and several queries in the CGI script to reflect a mission's categorization of its FITS files. As such, we offer our package to any project that has a need for this facility. \acknowledgments This work is supported by HEASARC grant 16613384 and NASA contract NAS8-39073 (CXC). %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % References %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % List your references below within the reference environment % (i.e. between the \begin{references} and \end{references} tags). % Each new reference should begin with a \reference command which sets % up the proper indentation. Observe the following order when listing % bibliographical information for each reference: author name(s), % publication year, journal name, volume, and page number for % articles. Note that many journal names are available as macros; see % the User Guide listing "macro-ized" journals. % % EXAMPLE: \reference Hagiwara, K., \& Zeppenfeld, D.\ 1986, % Nucl.Phys., 274, 1 % \reference H\'enon, M.\ 1961, Ann.d'Ap., 24, 369 % \reference King, I.\ R.\ 1966, \aj, 71, 276 % \reference King, I.\ R.\ 1975, in Dynamics of Stellar % Systems, ed.\ A.\ Hayli (Dordrecht: Reidel), 99 % \reference Tody, D.\ 1998, \adassvii, 146 % \reference Zacharias, N.\ \& Zacharias, M.\ 2003, % \adassxii, \paperref{P7.6} % % Note the following tricks used in the example above: % % o \& is used to format an ampersand symbol (&). % o \'e puts an accent agu over the letter e. See the User Guide % and the sample files for details on formatting special % characters. % o "\ " after a period prevents LaTeX from interpreting the period % as an end of a sentence. % o \aj is a macro that expands to "Astron. J." See the User Guide % for a full list of journal macros % o \adassvii is a macro that expands to the full title, editor, % and publishing information for the ADASS VII conference % proceedings. Such macros are defined for ADASS conferences I % through XI. % o When referencing a paper in the current volume, use the % \adassxii and \paperref macros. The argument to \paperref is % the paper ID code for the paper you are referencing. See the % note in the "Paper ID Code" section above for details on how to % determine the paper ID code for the paper you reference. % \section*{Links} %%% FO \begin{references} \begin{itemize} \item[---] http://cxc.harvard.edu/contrib/arots/fits/ascfits.ps \item[---] http://cxc.harvard.edu/contrib/arots/fits/content.txt \item[---] http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/fits\_overview.html \item[---] http://archive.stsci.edu/fits/users\_guide/ \item[---] http://www.dpt.stsci.edu/keyword/keyword\_design.html \end{itemize} %% FO \end{references} % Do not place any material after the references section \end{document} % Leave intact