%%% FO Lodif. %APN3_PROCEEDINGS_FORM%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % TEMPLATE.TEX -- APN3 (2003) ASP Conference Proceedings template. % % Derived from ADASS VIII (98) ASP Conference Proceedings template % Updated by N. Manset for ADASS IX (99), F. Primini for ADASS 2000, % D.Bohlender for ADASS 2001, and H. Payne for ADASS XII and LaTeX2e. % % Use this template to create your proceedings paper in LaTeX format % by following the instructions given below. Much of the input will % be enclosed by braces (i.e., { }). The percent sign, "%", denotes % the start of a comment; text after it will be ignored by LaTeX. % You might also notice in some of the examples below the use of "\ " % after a period; this prevents LaTeX from interpreting the period as % the end of a sentence and putting extra space after it. % % You should check your paper by processing it with LaTeX. For % details about how to run LaTeX as well as how to print out the User % Guide, consult the README file. You should also consult the sample % LaTeX papers, sample1.tex and sample2.tex, for examples of including % figures, html links, special symbols, and other advanced features. % % If you do not have access to the LaTeX software or a laser printer % at your site, you can still prepare your paper following the % instructions in the User Guide. In such cases, the editors will % process the file and make any necessary editorial adjustments. % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % \documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article} % Leave intact \usepackage{adassconf} % If you have the old LaTeX 2.09, and not the current LaTeX2e, comment % out the \documentclass and \usepackage lines above and uncomment % the following: %\documentstyle[11pt,twoside,adassconf]{article} \begin{document} % Leave intact %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Paper ID Code %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter the proper paper identification code. The ID code for your % paper is the session number associated with your presentation as % published in the official conference proceedings. You can % find this number locating your abstract in the printed proceedings % that you received at the meeting or on-line at the conference web % site; the ID code is the letter/number sequence proceeding the title % of your presentation. % % This will not appear in your paper; however, it allows different % papers in the proceedings to cross-reference each other. Note that % you should only have one \paperID, and it should not include a % trailing period. % % EXAMPLE: \paperID{O4-1} % EXAMPLE: \paperID{P7-7} % \paperID{P2-30} %%%% ID=P2-30 %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Paper Title %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter the title of the paper. % % EXAMPLE: \title{A Breakthrough in Astronomical Software Development} % % If your title is so long as to fill the page header when you print it, % then please supply a short form as a \titlemark. % % EXAMPLE: % \title{Rapid Development for Distributed Computing, with Implications % for the Virtual Observatory} % \titlemark{Rapid Development for Distributed Computing} % \title{Access to Atomic and Molecular Data/Databases in the VO} %\titlemark{ } %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Authors of Paper %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter the authors followed by their affiliations. The \author and % \affil commands may appear multiple times as necessary (see example % below). List each author by giving the first name or initials first % followed by the last name. Authors with the same affiliations % should grouped together. % % EXAMPLE: \author{Raymond Plante, Doug Roberts, % R.\ M.\ Crutcher\altaffilmark{1}} % \affil{National Center for Supercomputing Applications, % University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL % 61801} % \author{Tom Troland} % \affil{University of Kentucky} % % \altaffiltext{1}{Astronomy Department, UIUC} % % In this example, the first three authors, "Plante", "Roberts", and % "Crutcher" are affiliated with "NCSA". "Crutcher" has an alternate % affiliation with the "Astronomy Department". The fourth author, % "Troland", is affiliated with "University of Kentucky" \author{M.L. Dubernet} \affil{LERMA, Observatoire de Paris 5, Place Jules Janssen 92195 Meudon Cedex France } \author{B. Debray, A. Grosjean} \affil{Observatoire de Besan\c{c}on, 41 bis, avenue de l'Observatoire, BP 1615, 25010 Besan\c{c}on Cedex France } \author{M. Bruston, F. Combes, M. Cornille, D. Egret, C. St\'ehl\'e, L. Tchang-Brillet, C. Zeippen} \affil{LERMA, Observatoire de Paris 5, Place Jules Janssen 92195 Meudon Cedex France } %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Contact Information %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % This information will not appear in the paper but will be used by % the editors in case you need to be contacted concerning your % submission. Enter your name as the contact along with your email % address. % % EXAMPLE: \contact{Dennis Crabtree} % \email{crabtree@cfht.hawaii.edu} % \contact{Marie-Lise Dubernet} \email{marie-lise.dubernet@obspm.fr} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Author Index Specification %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Specify how each author name should appear in the author index. The % \paindex{ } should be used to indicate the primary author, and the % \aindex for all other co-authors. You MUST use the following % syntax: % % SYNTAX: \aindex{Lastname, F. M.} % % where F is the first initial and M is the second initial (if % used). This guarantees that authors that appear in multiple papers % will appear only once in the author index. % % EXAMPLE: \paindex{Crabtree, D.} % \aindex{Manset, N.} % \aindex{Veillet, C.} % % NOTE: this information is also used to build the author list that % appears in the table of contents. Authors will be listed in the order % of the \paindex and \aindex commmands. % \paindex{Dubernet, M. L.} \aindex{Debray, B.} % Remove this line if there is only one author \aindex{Grosjean, A.} \aindex{Bruston, M.} \aindex{Combes, F.} \aindex{Cornille, M.} \aindex{Egret, D.} \aindex{Stehle@St\'ehl\'e, C.} \aindex{Tchang-Brillet, L.} \aindex{Zeippen, C.} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Author list for page header %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Please supply a list of author last names for the page header. in % one of these formats: % % EXAMPLES: % \authormark{Lastname} % \authormark{Lastname1 \& Lastname2} % \authormark{Lastname1, Lastname2, ... \& LastnameN} % \authormark{Lastname et al.} % % Use the "et al." form in the case of seven or more authors, or if % the preferred form is too long to fit in the header. \authormark{Dubernet \& al} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Subject Index keywords %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Enter a comma separated list of up to 6 keywords describing your % paper. These will NOT be printed as part of your paper; however, % they will be used to generate the subject index for the proceedings. % There is no standard list; however, you can consult the indices % for past proceedings (http://adass.org/adass/proceedings/). % % EXAMPLE: \keywords{visualization, astronomy: radio, parallel % computing, AIPS++, Galactic Center} % % In this example, the author noticed that "radio astronomy" appeared % in the ADASS VII Index as "astronomy" being the major keyword and % "radio" as the minor keyword. The colon is used to introduce another % level into the index. \keywords{databases: atomic, databases: molecular, Virtual Observatory, interoperability, metadata, UCD, Virtual Observatory: table} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Abstract %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Type abstract in the space below. Consult the User Guide and Latex % Information file for a list of supported macros (e.g. for typesetting % special symbols). Do not leave a blank line between \begin{abstract} % and the start of your text. \begin{abstract} % Leave intact % Place the text of your abstract here - NO BLANK LINES Numerical and bibliographical Databases in Atomic and Mol\-ecu\-lar Physics are essential for both the modelling of various astrophysical media and the interpretation of astrophysical spectra provided by ground or space-based telescopes. We report here on our current project concerning the access to Atomic and Mol\-ecu\-lar Physics Databases within the Virtual Observatories, addressing the organisation/access of data for specific astrophysical applications and the use of standards for interoperability. As an example we present the current status of a numerical and bibliographical database concerning collisional ro-vibrational excitation rate coefficients of molecules (\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://basecol.obs-besancon.fr}}) \end{abstract} %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Main Body %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % Place the text for the main body of the paper here. You should use % the \section command to label the various sections; use of % \subsection is optional. Significant words in section titles should % be capitalized. Sections and subsections will be numbered % automatically. % % EXAMPLE: \section{Introduction} % ... % \subsection{Our View of the World} % ... % \section{A New Approach} % % It is recommended that you look at the sample papers, sample1.tex % and sample2.tex, for examples for formatting references, footnotes, % figures, equations, html links, lists, and other special features. \section{Presentation} It is important to make atomic and molecular data widely available in interrelating databases with VO projects; this would allow: \begin{itemize} \item uniqueness of data used in astrophysical models \item automatic access to these data from web applications developed for spectrum analysis or modelling \end{itemize} \noindent Different steps have been identified in order to organise access to atomic and molecular data for astrophysical needs: \begin{enumerate} \item identify specific needs for specific applications; \item ``validate'' the relevant atomic and molecular data (precision, origin of the data: chain of errors); \item get the data into a suitable scientific and technical format; \item semantic definition of the data. \end{enumerate} \smallskip\noindent Point 1 was started with the organisation of a workshop \\ (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://wwwusr.obspm.fr/\~\null vo-phys/PAGE-VO/ATELIER/titre.html}}}), where physicists and astrophysicists from various areas (solar physics, stars, planets, interstellar medium) met. The following conclusions can be drawn: \begin{itemize} \item data used in different models come from heterogeneous sources; they are either extracted from different databases (HITRAN, GEISA, VALD, CHIANTI, NIST, TOPbase, ...) or calculated by the user. \item The data are not always reliable and the chain of errors is not known. \end{itemize} It is clear that a dedicated organisation of atomic and mol\-ecu\-lar data would be of the utmost interest. We set up a discussion forum on the subject at \\ (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{https://maillist.obs-besancon.fr/wws/info/vo-physique}}}). \noindent A follow up of the project can be found on \\ (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://wwwusr.obspm.fr/\~vo-phys/PAGE-VO/main.html}}}). \section{A case study: the scientific preparation of HIFI (HSO) and ALMA} In view of the scientific preparation of the HIFI instrument of the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO) (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://www.sron.nl/divisions/lea/hifi/}}}) and of ALMA (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://www.alma.nrao.edu/}}}), particular needs have been pointed out for: \begin{itemize} \item data on collisional ro-vibrational excitation of molecules \item data on millimeter and submillimeter spectral data. \end{itemize} \noindent These questions are addressed respectively by the \\ \textit{Basemol}~(\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://www.lra.ens.fr/\~\null pcmi/herschel-alma.html}}}) and (\textit{Astrospec}) working groups. \subsection{The BASECOL database and related projects} In this framework, different groups have been set up to carry out calculations on collisional ro-vibrational excitation of molecules and to build a related bibliographic and numerical database.\\ This database, called {\bf BASECOL}~(\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://basecol.obs-besancon.fr}}}) is devoted to collisional ro-vibrational excitation of molecules by colliders such as atom, ion, molecule or electron. We have constituted a national working group of molecular physicists involved in the calculations of ro-vibrational cross-sections, in order to ensure the continuity and the quality of the database. We are currently enlarging the collaboration to the international molecular physicists community. \subsection{Current Status and future plans} We are primarily focusing on collisional systems of interest for various astrophysical media. The database is composed of several parts: \begin{itemize} \item a bibliographic database (papers are read and associated to very precise keywords), \item calculated collisional rates or cross-sections, \item information on the molecular data used in the cross section calculations, various informations on ro-vibrational excitation of molecules. \end{itemize} \noindent For systems of astrophysical interest, we will: \begin{itemize} \item provide full information on the chain of errors of the data and give some recommendations \item continue to update the content of the bibliographic database, as well as introducing new choices such as references on excitation of molecules colliding on a surface \item put on line all the calculated rate coefficients found in the literature and provide fits of these rate coefficients. \end{itemize} Access is currently available via a classical WEB interface with an interactive query page for the bibliographic database. An interactive access to the collisional rates and cross-sections is underway.\\ \noindent We are also addressing the issue of compatibility of the output of the database within the framework of the Virtual Observatories, in relation both with WEB tools for spectral analysis and with other databases such as the UMIST Database for Astrophysics~(\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://www.rate99.co.uk/}}}) and the Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy~ (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://www.ph1.uni-koeln.de/vorhersagen/}}}).\\ We have created a discussion forum at \\ (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{https://maillist.obs-besancon.fr/wws/info/web-collision}}}).\\ The BASECOL database will be used both in the modelling of astrophysical objects (such as the model of Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDR) currently available at (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://aristote.obspm.fr/MIS/}}})) and in the interpretation of observed spectra (CASSIS) for HSO: analysis of observations for the search of new species and the determination of physical conditions. \subsection{Use of standards for interoperability} {\bf Definition of data: UCDs} \noindent We are currently addressing the semantic definition of the Atomic and Molecular Data, in collaboration with CDS, that is, by defining UCDs \\ (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/doc/UCD.htx}}}) related to atomic and molecular data. Both the BASECOL database (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://basecol.obs-besancon.fr}}}) and the MOLAT database (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://molat.obspm.fr}}}) of the Paris Observatory are going to be used to test the UCDs. \smallskip\noindent The work in progress is the following: \begin{itemize} \item go through the existing UCDs and simplify the structure (remove useless UCDs) \item Work out new UCDs, in particular for molecular physics \item As an example: atomic and molecular processes could appear in different levels: ``AT" and ``MOL", instead of one level ``AT", as it is at present. \end{itemize} \medskip\noindent {\bf Representing Physics data in VOTable} \noindent VOTable (\mbox{\texttt{\htmladdnormallink{http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/doc/VOTable/}}}) is an XML standard which was especially designed to transfer astronomical data in tabular form. In molecular physics, the data that are often data cubes (or even ``hypercubes''): for instance the effective collisional rate coefficients as a function of initial and final quantum numbers and temperatures. To be able to represent these data in VOTable, we need some kind of ``projection'' mechanism to place data cube ``slices'' into VOTable'\texttt{}s. Two solutions can be considered: \begin{itemize} \item put slices contiguously in one \texttt{
} using repeated \texttt{}s; this solution has been used for some molecular data available in the CDS Vizier catalogue service [see table 4 of catalogue VI/51 about collisional excitation rate of H$_2$CO from (Green 1994)]; \item put one slice in one \texttt{
}; then all \texttt{
}s must have the same \texttt{}s. \end{itemize} In both cases, we need a further analyser next to the VOTable parser in order to join data of the same type belonging to either different \texttt{}s or to a given \texttt{}s in successive \texttt{
}s. \noindent To gather people interested in these matters and share experiences and questions, a Birds of a Feather session has been organised (Dubernet 2004). %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % References %----------------------------------------------------------------------- % List your references below within the reference environment % (i.e. between the \begin{references} and \end{references} tags). % Each new reference should begin with a \reference command which sets % up the proper indentation. Observe the following order when listing % bibliographical information for each reference: author name(s), % publication year, journal name, volume, and page number for % articles. Note that many journal names are available as macros; see % the User Guide listing "macro-ized" journals. % % EXAMPLE: \reference Hagiwara, K., \& Zeppenfeld, D.\ 1986, % Nucl.Phys., 274, 1 % \reference H\'enon, M.\ 1961, Ann.d'Ap., 24, 369 % \reference King, I.\ R.\ 1966, \aj, 71, 276 % \reference King, I.\ R.\ 1975, in Dynamics of Stellar % Systems, ed.\ A.\ Hayli (Dordrecht: Reidel), 99 % \reference Tody, D.\ 1998, \adassvii, 146 % \reference Zacharias, N.\ \& Zacharias, M.\ 2003, % \adassxii, \paperref{P7.6} % % Note the following tricks used in the example above: % % o \& is used to format an ampersand symbol (&). % o \'e puts an accent agu over the letter e. See the User Guide % and the sample files for details on formatting special % characters. % o "\ " after a period prevents LaTeX from interpreting the period % as an end of a sentence. % o \aj is a macro that expands to "Astron. J." See the User Guide % for a full list of journal macros % o \adassvii is a macro that expands to the full title, editor, % and publishing information for the ADASS VII conference % proceedings. Such macros are defined for ADASS conferences I % through XI. % o When referencing a paper in the current volume, use the % \adassxii and \paperref macros. The argument to \paperref is % the paper ID code for the paper you are referencing. See the % note in the "Paper ID Code" section above for details on how to % determine the paper ID code for the paper you reference. % \section*{Contacts} \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=0pt\labelwidth=0em\itemsep=0ex\labelsep=0em} \item %\reference Astrospec (contact: adam.walters@cesr.fr) \item %\reference CASSIS (contact: adam.walters@cesr.fr) \end{list} \begin{references} \reference Dubernet, M.L.\ and Debray, B.\ , \ 2004, \adassxiii, \paperref{B2-2} \reference Green, S., \ 1994, VizieR Online Data Catalog, 6051:0+ \end{references} % Do not place any material after the references section \end{document} % Leave intact