Astron. Astrophys. 329, 482-494 (1998)

The ROSAT Deep Survey

I. X-ray sources in the Lockman Field

G. Hasinger ¹, R. Burg ², R. Giacconi ³, M. Schmidt ⁴, J. Trümper ⁵ and G. Zamorani <sup>6, 7

1</sup> Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany
² Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
³ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
⁴ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵ Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany
⁶ Istituto di Radioastronomia del CNR, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷ Osservatorio Astronomico, via Zamboni 33, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

Received 12 May 1997 / Accepted 4 August 1997

Abstract

The ROSAT Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole is the most sensitive X-ray survey performed to date, encompassing an exposure time of 207 ksec with the PSPC and a total of 1.32 Msec with the HRI aboard ROSAT. Here we present the complete catalogue of 50 X-ray sources with PSPC fluxes (0.5-2 keV) above . The optical identifications are discussed in an accompanying paper (Schmidt et al., 1997). We also derive a new log(N)-log(S) function reaching a source density of at a limiting flux of . At this level 70-80% of the 0.5-2 keV X-ray background is resolved into discrete sources. Utilizing extensive simulations of artificial PSPC and HRI fields we discuss in detail the effects of source confusion and incompleteness both on source counts and on optical identifications. Based on these simulations we set conservative limits on flux and on off-axis angles, which guarantee a high reliability of the catalogue. We also present simulations of shallower fields and show that surveys, which are based on PSPC exposures longer than 50 ksec, become severely confusion limited typically a factor of 2 above their detection threshold. This has consequences for recent claims of a possible new source population emerging at the faintest X-ray fluxes.

Key words: surveys cosmology: diffuse radiations X-rays: galaxies

Send offprint requests to: G. Hasinger

© European Southern Observatory (ESO) 1998

Online publication: December 8, 1997
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