J/A+A/490/777    Abundances of Population II stars in NGC 6397     (Lind+, 2008)
Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars.
II. Observations of stars in the globular cluster NGC 6397 with
VLT/FLAMES-GIRAFFE.
    Lind K., Korn A.J., Barklem P.S., Grundahl F.
   <Astron. Astrophys., 490, 777-786 (2008)>
   =2008A&A...490..777L 2008A&A...490..777L
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular ; Stars, population II ; Abundances
Keywords: stars: abundances - stars: Population II -
          globular clusters: general - techniques: spectroscopic -
          methods: observational - diffusion
Abstract:
    Evolutionary trends in the surface abundances of heavier elements have
    recently been identified in the globular cluster NGC 6397 ([Fe/H]=-2),
    indicating the operation of atomic diffusion in these stars. Such
    trends constitute important constraints for the extent to which
    diffusion modifies the internal structure and surface abundances of
    solar-type, metal-poor stars.
    We perform an independent check of the reality and size of abundance
    variations within this metal-poor globular cluster.
    Observational data covering a large stellar sample, located between
    the cluster turn-off point and the base of the red giant branch, are
    homogeneously analysed. The spectroscopic data were obtained with the
    medium-high resolution spectrograph FLAMES/GIRAFFE on VLT-UT2
    (R∼27000). We derive independent effective-temperature scales from
    profile fitting of Balmer lines and by applying colour-Teff
    calibrations to Stroemgren uvby and broad-band BVI photometry. An
    automated spectral analysis code is used together with a grid of MARCS
    model atmospheres to derive stellar surface abundances of Mg, Ca, Ti,
    and Fe.
Description:
    The target selection for the spectroscopic study is based on
    Stroemgren uvby photometry. The photometric observations were
    collected with the DFOSC instrument on the 1.5m telescope on La
    Silla, Chile, in 1997. Additional BVI photometric data were obtained
    in 2005.
    All spectroscopic data were collected in Service Mode, with the
    fibre-fed, multi-object, medium-high resolution spectrograph
    FLAMES/GIRAFFE at ESO-VLT. FLAMES allows for 132 objects to be
    observed simultaneously, with GIRAFFE in MEDUSA mode, between 2005 Mar
    23 and Apr 04.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FileName  Lrecl  Records   Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe        80        .   This file
table4.dat    107      116  Stellar abundances derived for the sample stars
table5.dat    67       86   List of lines used in the abundance analysis,
                             with references to the oscillator strengths used
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
  J/A+A/287/769  : UV photometry of NGC 6397 (Burgarella+ 1994)
  J/ApJS/99/637  : Equivalent widths for 54 red giants (Norris+ 1995)
  J/PASP/108/682 : Low-Mass Stars in Outer Field in NGC 6397 (Mould+, 1996)
  J/A+AS/122/1   : BV photometry of variables in NGC 6397 (Kaluzny, 1997)
  J/A+A/425/509  : VI photometry of NGC 6397 (Andreuzzi+, 2004)
  J/A+A/503/545  : Equivalent widths of Li, Na, Fe, Ca in NGC 6397 (Lind+, 2009)
  J/A+A/505/L13  : Lithium in globular NGC 6397 (Gonzalez Hernandez+, 2009)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  6  I6    ---     Seq       Sequential number,
                                   Cl* NGC 6397 KGR NNNNNN in Simbad
       7  A1    ---   n_Seq       [*] * for the targets of Korn et al.
                                        (2007ApJ...671..402K 2007ApJ...671..402K)
   9- 10  I2    h       RAh       Right ascension (J2000)
  12- 13  I2    min     RAm       Right ascension (J2000)
  15- 19  F5.2  s       RAs       Right ascension (J2000)
      20  A1    ---     ---       [0]
      22  A1    ---     DE-       Declination sign (J2000)
  23- 24  I2    deg     DEd       Declination (J2000)
  26- 27  I2    arcmin  DEm       Declination (J2000)
  29- 32  F4.1  arcsec  DEs       Declination (J2000)
      33  A1    ---     ---       [0]
  35- 40  F6.3  mag     Vmag      V magnitude
  42- 45  I4    K       THa       Hα temperature
  47- 50  F4.2  [cm/s2] logg      Gravity surface
  52- 55  F4.2  km/s    xi        Microturbulent velocity
  57- 60  F4.2  [-]     log(Mg)   Magnesium abundance (1)
  62- 65  F4.2  [-]     log(Ca)   Calcium abundance(1)
  67- 70  F4.2  [-]     log(Ti)   Titanium abundance(1)
  72- 75  F4.2  [-]     log(Fe)   Iron abundance(1)
  77- 81  F5.3  mag     v-y       v-y colour index (Stroemgren)
  83- 86  I4    K       T(v-y,D)  Dwarf temperature from v-y colour index
  88- 91  I4    K       T(v-y,G)  Giant temperature from v-y colour index
  93- 97  F5.3  mag     V-I       V-I colour index
  99-102  I4    K       T(V-I,D)  Dwarf temperature from V-I colour index
 104-107  I4    K       T(V-I,G)  Giant temperature from V-I colour index
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): abundances ε defined on the scale log(H)=12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units      Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  5  A5    ---        Ion       Ion
   7- 14  F8.3  0.1nm      lambda    Wavelength
  16- 20  F5.3  eV         chi       Excitation potential
  22- 27  F6.3  [-]        loggf     Oscillator strength
  29- 30  I2    ---      r_loggf     Reference for loggf (1)
  32- 38  F7.3  ---        Param     ? van der Waals damping data (2)
  40- 45  F6.3 [rad/s/cm3] Waals     ? van der Waals logarithm of FWHM per unit
                                       perturber number density at 10000K
  47- 52  F6.3 [rad/s/cm3] Stark     Stark logarithm of FWHM per unit perturber
                                       number density at 10000K
  54- 58  F5.3  [rad/s]    log(FWHM) Radiative damping data
  60- 63  I4    0.1pm      dlblue    Extent of the spectral windows used for
                                      fitting of each line, blue-wards of the
                                      central wavelength (3)
  65- 67  I3    0.1pm      dlref     Extent of the spectral windows used for
                                      fitting of each line, red-wards of the
                                      central wavelength (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): References as follows:
      1 = Wiese & Martin (1980, NSRDS-NBS, No 68, Part II)
      2 = Smith & O'Neill (1975A&A....38....1S 1975A&A....38....1S)
      3 = Smith & Raggett (1981, J. Phys. B Atom. Mol. Phys., 14, 4015)
      4 = Blackwell et al. (1982MNRAS.201..611B 1982MNRAS.201..611B)
      5 = R. Kurucz, http://cfaku5.cfa.harvard.edu/ATOMS/2200
      6 = Pickering et al. (2001ApJS..132..403P 2001ApJS..132..403P)
      7 = Martin et al. (1988, Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, 3, Cat. VI/72)
      8 = R. Kurucz, http://cfaku5.cfa.harvard.edu/ATOMS/2600
      9 = O'Brian et al. (1991, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B Opt. Phys. 8, 1185)
     10 = Bard et al. (1991A&A...248..315B 1991A&A...248..315B)
     11 = Moity (1983A&AS...52...37M 1983A&AS...52...37M)
     12 = Kroll & Kock (1987A&AS...67..225K 1987A&AS...67..225K)
     13 = Biemont et al. (1991A&A...249..539B 1991A&A...249..539B)
     14 = Schnabel et al. (2004A&A...414.1169S 2004A&A...414.1169S)
     15 = Heise & Kock (1990A&A...230..244H 1990A&A...230..244H)
Note (2): van der Waals parameter correspond to the notation of Anstee and
     O'Mara (1995MNRAS.276..859A 1995MNRAS.276..859A), where a packed parameter is used for the
     broadening cross-section (σ) for collisions by neutral hydrogen
     at 10km/s and its velocity dependence (α). E.g. for the MgI
     5172.684Å  line, Param=729.238 means σ=729 in atomic units
     and α=0.238.
Note (3): Zero values in both columns indicate that the line-contribution
     is considered in the same window as the one listed directly above.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
    From electronic version of the journal
References:
   Korn et al., Paper I    2007ApJ...671..402K 2007ApJ...671..402K
(End)                                      Patricia Vannier [CDS]    18-Mar-2010