J/A+A/546/A105 HR8752 evolving through the void (Nieuwenhuijzen+ 2012)
The hypergiant HR 8752 evolving through the yellow evolutionary void.
Nieuwenhuijzen H., De Jager C., Kolka I., Israelian G., Lobel A.,
Zsoldos E., Maeder A., Meynet G.
<Astron. Astrophys. 546, A105 (2012)>
=2012A&A...546A.105N 2012A&A...546A.105N
ADC_Keywords: Stars, supergiant ; Equivalent widths ; Photometry, UBV
Keywords: stellar atmospheres - stellar evolution - supergiants -
stars: mass-loss - stars: fundamental parameters -
stars: variables: S Doradus
Description:
The main paper on the hypergiant HR8752 evolving through the void
combines observational data from various sources: new spectral data,
new and already published (B-V), V data. it also describes a new
three-dimensional chebychev interpolating code, and gives information
on the temperature calibration for hypergiants, and adds some extra
Tables on colour excess and historical context (cf. below).
The electronic appendix contains a number of tables, too large for
publishing in the paper. In the text and in the appendix, they are
referred to as Table Axx, resp. Cxx. We note, however, that tables
A1.1 to A1.6 in Section 2 of the main paper are here referred to as
tables appena11 to appena16.
The observational tables appena11 to appena16, appena2, appena3,
appena4 all refer to Section 2 in the main paper, while tables
appena5, appena6, appena7, appena8 are used in Section 3 of the main
paper. The technical table appenc1 describes the three-dimensional
chebychev interpolation method used in Section 2 of the main paper.
The second technical table appenc2 describes the (hypergiant)
temperature calibration and transformation codes between Mk, Teff, and
(B-V) data, used in Section 3 of the main paper. Table appena9
discusses some measured colour excesses (Section 3.3 of the main
paper). Table appena10 discusses the possibility of historical context
(Section 5.11 of the main paper).
Description:
The tables appena11 to appena16 share the same format: column 1 lists
the spectral wavelengths, column 2 gives the atomic number,-ion
designation for each of the measured spectral lines. Columns 3-28 list
the physical data associated with one of the data-fields for each of
the spectral observations obs1-26 (Section 2 in the main paper). When
no information is available a '-' sign is displayed in the respective
column.:
* appena11.dat 'OBSERVED' measured equivalent widths EW (0.1pm).
* appena12.dat 'SIGMAOBS' estimated uncertainty e_EW (0.1pm) of the
measured equivalent widths. For obs4 and obs25, both measurements by
Lobel, the values refer to a continuum uncertainty of 3 percent. For
all the other observations the uncertainty evaluation of Table 2 in
the main paper was used.
* appena13.dat 'LTEMODEL' modelled equivalent
widths EW_fit (0.1pm) for the best-fit values of the spectral derived
Teff, logg and vturb.
* appena14.dat 'SIGMAMDL' estimated uncertainty
eEWfit(0.1pm) for the best-fit modelled equivalent widths taking
account of the uncertainty in the log(gf)-value.
* appena15.dat 'TOTSIGMA'
combined total error of observation, model, and uncertainty values of
the interpolation process e_DIFF (0.1pm).
* appena16.dat 'SIGNIFI'
difference between best-fit model value and observation in units of
the combined errors of observation- and model- values and uncertainty
values of the interpolation process.
* appena2.dat 'lib2h197' contains atomic line data; gf-values for the
observed lines are from Wiese et al. (1969, Atomic Transition
probabilities - A critical data compilation, NSRDS-NBS .. 22) and when
not available there, from Kurucz & Bell (1995, Atomic Line Data,
Kurucz CD-ROM No. 23, Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory, Cambridge,
Mass., U.S.A.). We also used Kurucz & Peytreman (1975,
http://cfaku5.cfa.harvard.edu/temp/), Martin et al. (1988, J. Phys
Chem Ref Data 17, Suppl. nrs. 3 and 4). The accuracy numbers are from
Wiese et al.'s classification B,C... and E. For Kurucz values we use
the accuracy classification classification E and associated accuracies
in %. These accuracy values are given here as logarithmic values, i.e.
a (logarithmic) accuracy number of .097 corresponds to an accuracy of
25%.
For each spectral line EW and the uncertainty in EW (ΔEW, here
used as 'eEWfit' in Table appena14) are determined with the SCAN
program plus the atomic data in Table A2, with the given value of gf,
gf + Δgf, and gf - Δgf, for the grid of model points given
in Table 3, Section 2 of the main paper. The absolute mean difference
between the two found equivalent widths with respect to EW is taken as
measure of ΔEW, which is due to the uncertainty in gf as given
in Table appena2. A later chebychev fit finds the chebychev parameters
for both EW and ΔEW, which are kept in a special spectrum line
library for the spectral lines used in this research.
The {chi^2} of the three-dimensional chebychev fit, over the grid of
mentioned model points, leads to an estimate of the mean uncertainty
of fit. This is given as a 'fractional' number, i.e. 0.011 means 1.1%
uncertainty. For the lines used in this paper, the fit accuracy is
1-5% for most spectral lines, and up to 9% for a few lines.
* appena3.dat 'outlier7' is an investigation into observed 'outlier'
lines with the aid of Kurucz's line- and gf-values. It contains tests
and results of varying wavelengths and gf-values together with some
wavelength areas including all (known) lines with an equivalent width
>5x0.1pm within these areas. Notes are in notesa3.txt.
* appena4.txt 'corrallT' correlates the wavelengths of observed lines
with a list of atomic lines in the same wavelength neighbourhood to
find the mean wavelength shift between observed and modelled lines.
The possible lines are from Kurucz in the region 5277-5510 (0.1nm),
the observed data are from Piters et al. (1988A&A...196..115P 1988A&A...196..115P). The
correlation is tested for three different temperature models with Teff
from 4250-6250K. The highest correlation is found for about 39
steps of .05x0.1nm, or 1.95 (0.1nm).
* appena5.txt 'MK-Data' is a critical compendium of MK data for HR
8752 in the period 1919-1987 from various authors. Included are some
V data for 1908-1930 which were published but are not contemporary
with the MK-data (Adams et al. 1921ApJ....53...13A 1921ApJ....53...13A,
1935ApJ....81..187A 1935ApJ....81..187A; Cannon & Pickering 1924AnHar..99....CC; Zug
1931ApJ....73...26Z 1931ApJ....73...26Z).
* appena6.txt 'Zsoldos-early-colour' B-V and Teff correlations for
some visual colour observations, around the year 1900, allow us to
extend the Teff and/ or B-V data down to 1900.
* appena7.txt '(B-V)-1950-Data' gives an annotated list and table of
available B-V and other colour measurements in the period 1942-1974.
For old V data in the period 1908-1930, cf. Table A5 above.
* appena8.dat '(B-V)-1976-Data' is an annotated list of available V,
B-V measurements, period JD 2443099 to JD 2449299, (1976 to 1993),
combined from various authors, followed by transforms to (B-V)0,
logTeff, BC, mb, using the value of E(B-V)=0.70 and code of Table
appenc2txt. Notes are in notesa8.txt.
* appena9.txt 'E(B-V) and Av' gives the colour excesses (Johnson,
1968, ch. 5, "Interstellar Extinction", in Stars and Stellar Systems,
Vol. VII, "Nebulae and Interstellar Matter", Middlehurst, B.M., &
Aller, L.H., editors, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago),
corrected for time-synchronization of the MK and B-V data, and a new
determination of R-ratio and Av.
* appena10.txt 'A New Star' Writing about the new star of 1572,
Cyprianus Leovitius (1573, "De nova stella", Lavingae, 1573
pp.A2v-A3r) mentioned two possible earlier new stars, approximately in
the same region of the sky, appearing in A.D. 945 and 1264.
* appenc1.txt '3-dim-Chebychev' is a symbolic program description of
code and terms used for the reduction of the spectral-line
measurements in Section 2.
* appenc2.txt 'Calibrate-hyper' describes 1) the temperature
calibration of hypergiants, and 2) code to transform data between MK,
B-V, and Teff representations in Section 3 in the main paper.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
23 00 05.10 +56 56 43.4 HR8752 = V* V509 Cas
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
appena11.dat 142 185 Observed HR8752 27-11-2007 (EW)
appena12.dat 142 185 Observed equivalent width uncertainty
'SIGMAOBS' HR8752 27-11-2007 (e_EW)
appena13.dat 142 185 Fitted HR8752 27-11-2007, best-fit model (EWfit)
appena14.dat 142 185 Modelled equivalent width uncertainty
'SIGMAMDL' HR8752 27-11-2007 (e_EWfit)
appena15.dat 142 185 Combined total error of observation and
best-fit model, e_DIFF
appena16.dat 142 185 Difference between best-fit model value and
observation 'SIGNIFI'
Delta(model- observed)/sigma]
appena2.dat 68 197 Atomic line data 'lib2h197'
appena3.dat 124 272 Table of lines from Kurucz in 25 regions of
lines where model- and observed-values of EW
differ significantly (outlier7)
notesa3.txt 80 83 Notes associated to appena3
appena4.txt 80 132 correlation between observed and modelled lines
appena5.txt 80 397 Critical compendium of MK data for HR 8752 in
the period 1919-1987
appena6.txt 80 93 Zsoldos-early-colour B-V and Teff correlations
appena7.txt 80 295 Available B-V and other colour measurements in
the period 1942-1974 '(B-V)-1950-Data'
appena8.dat 115 415 Available V, B-V measurements, period
JD 2443099 to JD 2449299 '(B-V)-1976-Data'
notesa8.txt 80 28 Notes associated to appena8
appena9.txt 80 112 'E(B-V)-and-R-ratio'
appena10.txt 80 79 'A New Star'
appenc1.txt 80 132 3-dim-chebychev'
appenc2.txt 80 158 Calibrate-hyper'
Annexes.pdf 512 857 All appendix in pdf
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: appena1[135].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
9- 12 I4 --- Ion Element, ion
15- 17 I3 0.1pm Param1 ?=- Parameter for observation 1 (1)
19- 22 I4 0.1pm Param2 ?=- Parameter for observation 2 (1)
24- 27 I4 0.1pm Param3 ?=- Parameter for observation 3 (1)
29- 32 I4 0.1pm Param4 ?=- Parameter for observation 4 (1)
34- 37 I4 0.1pm Param5 ?=- Parameter for observation 5 (1)
39- 42 I4 0.1pm Param6 ?=- Parameter for observation 6 (1)
44- 47 I4 0.1pm Param7 ?=- Parameter for observation 7 (1)
49- 52 I4 0.1pm Param8 ?=- Parameter for observation 8 (1)
54- 57 I4 0.1pm Param9 ?=- Parameter for observation 8 (1)
59- 62 I4 0.1pm Param10 ?=- Parameter for observation 10 (1)
64- 67 I4 0.1pm Param11 ?=- Parameter for observation 11 (1)
69- 72 I4 0.1pm Param12 ?=- Parameter for observation 12 (1)
74- 77 I4 0.1pm Param13 ?=- Parameter for observation 13 (1)
79- 82 I4 0.1pm Param14 ?=- Parameter for observation 14 (1)
84- 87 I4 0.1pm Param15 ?=- Parameter for observation 15 (1)
89- 92 I4 0.1pm Param16 ?=- Parameter for observation 16 (1)
94- 97 I4 0.1pm Param17 ?=- Parameter for observation 17 (1)
99-102 I4 0.1pm Param18 ?=- Parameter for observation 18 (1)
104-107 I4 0.1pm Param19 ?=- Parameter for observation 19 (1)
109-112 I4 0.1pm Param20 ?=- Parameter for observation 20 (1)
114-117 I4 0.1pm Param21 ?=- Parameter for observation 21 (1)
119-122 I4 0.1pm Param22 ?=- Parameter for observation 22 (1)
124-127 I4 0.1pm Param23 ?=- Parameter for observation 23 (1)
129-132 I4 0.1pm Param24 ?=- Parameter for observation 24 (1)
134-137 I4 0.1pm Param25 ?=- Parameter for observation 25 (1)
139-142 I4 0.1pm Param26 ?=- Parameter for observation 26 (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Parameter are
* Observed equivalent widths for appena11.dat
* Modelled equivalent widths for appena13.dat
* Combined total error of observation for appena15.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: appena1[246].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
9- 12 I4 --- Ion Element, ion
13- 17 F5.1 0.1pm Param1 ?=- Parameter for observation 1 (2)
18- 22 F5.1 0.1pm Param2 ?=- Parameter for observation 2 (2)
23- 27 F5.1 0.1pm Param3 ?=- Parameter for observation 3 (2)
28- 32 F5.1 0.1pm Param4 ?=- Parameter for observation 4 (2)
33- 37 F5.1 0.1pm Param5 ?=- Parameter for observation 5 (2)
38- 42 F5.1 0.1pm Param6 ?=- Parameter for observation 6 (2)
43- 47 F5.1 0.1pm Param7 ?=- Parameter for observation 7 (2)
48- 52 F5.1 0.1pm Param8 ?=- Parameter for observation 8 (2)
53- 57 F5.1 0.1pm Param9 ?=- Parameter for observation 8 (2)
58- 62 F5.1 0.1pm Param10 ?=- Parameter for observation 10 (2)
63- 67 F5.1 0.1pm Param11 ?=- Parameter for observation 11 (2)
68- 72 F5.1 0.1pm Param12 ?=- Parameter for observation 12 (2)
73- 77 F5.1 0.1pm Param13 ?=- Parameter for observation 13 (2)
78- 82 F5.1 0.1pm Param14 ?=- Parameter for observation 14 (2)
83- 87 F5.1 0.1pm Param15 ?=- Parameter for observation 15 (2)
88- 92 F5.1 0.1pm Param16 ?=- Parameter for observation 16 (2)
93- 97 F5.1 0.1pm Param17 ?=- Parameter for observation 17 (2)
98-102 F5.1 0.1pm Param18 ?=- Parameter for observation 18 (2)
103-107 F5.1 0.1pm Param19 ?=- Parameter for observation 19 (2)
108-112 F5.1 0.1pm Param20 ?=- Parameter for observation 20 (2)
113-117 F5.1 0.1pm Param21 ?=- Parameter for observation 21 (2)
118-122 F5.1 0.1pm Param22 ?=- Parameter for observation 22 (2)
123-127 F5.1 0.1pm Param23 ?=- Parameter for observation 23 (2)
128-132 F5.1 0.1pm Param24 ?=- Parameter for observation 24 (2)
133-137 F5.1 0.1pm Param25 ?=- Parameter for observation 25 (2)
138-142 F5.1 0.1pm Param26 ?=- Parameter for observation 26 (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (2): Parameters are
* Estimated observed equivalent width uncertainty for appena12.dat
* Estimated modelled equivalent width uncertainty for appena14.dat
* Significance: difference between best-fit model value and
observation in total sigma UNITS for appena16.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: appena2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
12- 15 I4 --- Ion element,ion
19- 28 F10.3 cm-1 Elo energy lower level
32- 37 F6.3 [-] log(gf) Oscillator strength
42- 46 F5.3 [-] log(acc) (logarithmic) accuracy
51- 59 E9.4 --- chi2 chi2 of fit
64- 68 F5.3 --- rel-sdev fractional uncertainty of fit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: appena3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
11- 14 I4 --- Ion Element,ion
16- 22 F7.2 0.1pm EW1 EW for Teff=9250, logg=2.0, vt=06km/s
24- 29 F6.2 0.1pm dEW1 dEW for 9250g20v06
35- 41 F7.2 0.1pm EW2 EW for Teff=8250, logg=1.0, vt=06km/s
43- 48 F6.2 0.1pm dEW2 dEW for 8250g10v06
54- 60 F7.2 0.1pm EW3 EW for Teff=7250, logg=0.5, vt=06km/s
62- 67 F6.2 0.1pm dEW3 dEW for 7250g05v06
73- 79 F7.2 0.1pm EW4 EW for Teff=6250, logg=0.5, vt=06km/s
81- 86 F6.2 0.1pm dEW4 dEW for 6250g05v06
92- 98 F7.2 0.1pm EW5 EW for Teff=5250, logg=1.0, vt=06km/s
100-105 F6.2 0.1pm dEW5 dEW for 5250g10v06
111-117 F7.2 0.1pm EW6 EW for Teff=4250, logg=0.0, vt=06km/s
119-124 F6.2 0.1pm dEW6 dEW for 4250g00v06
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: appena8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 F11.3 d JD Julian Date
14- 18 F5.3 mag Vmag V magnitude
21- 25 F5.3 mag e_Vmag Error in Vmag
28- 32 F5.3 mag (B-V) (B-V) colour index
35- 39 F5.3 mag e_(B-V) Error in (B-V)
42- 46 F5.3 mag (B-V)0 Intrinsic (B-V) colour index
49- 53 F5.3 mag e_(B-V)0 Error in intrinsic (B-V)
56- 60 F5.3 --- s s-parameter
63- 67 F5.3 --- e_s Error in s-parameter
70- 74 F5.3 [K] logTeff log(Teff)
77- 81 F5.3 [K] e_logTeff Error in log(Teff)
84- 89 F6.3 --- BC Bolometric correction
92- 96 F5.3 --- e_BC Error in bolometric correction
99-103 F5.3 mag mbol Bolometric magnitude
106-110 F5.3 mag e_mbol Error in bolometric magnitude
115 A1 --- Ref Reference (letter) code (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (5): The reference letters refer to the following bibcodes:
a = Walker et al., (1983MNRAS.203..403W 1983MNRAS.203..403W)
b = Moffett & Barnes (1979IBVS.1533....1M 1979IBVS.1533....1M)
c = Treves et al. (1985MNRAS.216..517A 1985MNRAS.216..517A)
d = Halbedel (1985IBVS.2718....1H 1985IBVS.2718....1H)
e = Zsoldos (1986IBVS.2913....1Z 1986IBVS.2913....1Z)
f = Mantegazza et al. (1988IBVS.3137....1M 1988IBVS.3137....1M)
g = Halbedel (1986IBVS.2876....1H 1986IBVS.2876....1H)
h = Percy & Zsoldos (1992A&A...263..123P 1992A&A...263..123P)
i = Halbedel (1988IBVS.3170....1H 1988IBVS.3170....1H)
k = Halbedel (1991IBVS.3600....1H 1991IBVS.3600....1H)
m = Zsoldos & Olah (1985IBVS.2715....1Z 1985IBVS.2715....1Z)
n = this main paper, (Table 5), observer Zsoldos, E.
p = Parsons & Montemayor (1982ApJS...49..175P 1982ApJS...49..175P)
r = Halbedel (1993IBVS.3849....1H 1993IBVS.3849....1H)
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Author's address:
Hans Nieuwenhuijzen
-
(End) H. Nieuwenhuijzen [SRON Lab. for Space Research, Utrecht] 06-Jun-2012