J/A+A/555/A64 Identifying gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks (Maaskant+, 2013)
Identifying gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks using spatially resolved
mid-infrared imaging. Are all group I disks transitional?
Maaskant K.M., Honda M., Waters L.B.F.M., Tielens A.G.G.M., Dominik C.,
Min M., Verhoeff A., Meeus G., van den Ancker M.E.
<Astron. Astrophys. 555, A64 (2013)>
=2013A&A...555A..64M 2013A&A...555A..64M
ADC_Keywords: Stars, emission ; Stars, Be ; Photometry ; Energy distributions
Keywords: protoplanetary disks - circumstellar matter -
planet-disk interactions - stars: variables: T-Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be -
stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
The evolution of protoplanetary disks towards mature planetary systems
is expected to include the formation of 'gaps' in the disk possibly
due to planet formation. We studied the disks of four key intermediate
mass (Herbig Ae/Be) stars in order to understand the influence of gaps
to their observational appearance. We investigate mid-infrared images
and perform radiative transfer modeling to examine the radial
distribution of dust and PAHs. Our solutions constrain the sizes of
the gaps. For one particular object, HD 97048, this is the first
detection of a disk gap. The large gaps deplete the entire population
of silicate particles with temperatures suitable for prominent
mid-infrared feature emission, while small carbonaceous grains and
PAHs can still show prominent emission at mid-infrared wavelengths.
The absence of silicate emission features is due to the presence of
large gaps in the critical temperature regime. Our results suggest
that many, if not all Herbig disks with weak or no silicate features
in the spectrum are disks with large gaps and can be characterized as
(pre-)transitional. We conclude that the evolution of Herbig stars
follows two different paths. Competition between the timescales of
inner versus outer disk evolution determine whether young
protoplanetary disks evolve into transitional disks (due to planet
formation in the inner disk) or into flat disks (due to the grain
growth and dust settling in the outer disk).
Description:
Herschel/PACS: For HD97048 and HD135344B far-IR photometry was derived
from Herschel/PACS scan maps at 70, 100 and 160 micron. The PACS
photometric data were reduced with the mini scanmap pipeline in HIPE
version 8.1.0 (calTree version 32). The photometry was extracted using
apertures of 12", 15" en 20" for 70, 100 and 160 micron, respectively.
The fluxes were aperture and color-corrected, and have a maximum error
of 5%, according to the PACS manual.
Other photometry is collected from the literature. The photometric
data is presented in Table A1 for HD97048, Table A2 for HD169142,
Table A3 for HD135344B and Table A4 for Oph IRS 48. Upper limits and
erroneous data are not included. The photometry is sorted by the
central wavelengths of the photometric filters. Magnitudes have been
converted to fluxes (in Jansky) for comparison in the SED. The
conversion has been done using zero magnitudes provided in the
instrument documentations and, where possible the spectral index were
considered. The photometry listed in the tables is not corrected for
extinction.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 88 4 Star and disk parameters used in this study
tablea1.dat 39 36 Photometry of HD97048
tablea2.dat 39 41 Photometry of HD169142
tablea3.dat 39 33 Photometry of HD135344B
tablea4.dat 39 18 Photometry of Oph IRS 48
refs.dat 81 16 References
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/225 : Oxford 2 AC Zone Data Reduced to ACRS (Urban+ 1996)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)
II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
J/A+A/372/173 : ISOCAM observations of the rho Ophiuchi cloud (Bontemps+ 2001)
J/A+A/380/609 : Southern emission-line stars multiphotometry (de Winter+ 2001)
J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of ρ Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)
J/ApJS/175/277 : Submillimeter-Continuum SCUBA detections (Di Francesco+ 2008)
J/ApJ/696/L84 : Primordial circumstellar disks in binary systems (Cieza+ 2009)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Star name
12- 13 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
18- 22 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
24 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
37- 41 I5 K Teff Effective temperature
43- 47 F5.2 Lsun L Luminosity
49- 52 F4.2 Lsun e_L rms uncertainty on L
54- 58 F5.2 mag AV Absorption in V band
60- 62 I3 pc Dist Distance
64- 65 I2 pc E_Dist Error on Dist (upper value)
67- 68 I2 pc e_Dist Error on Dist (lower value)
70- 73 F4.2 Msun Mass Mass
75- 76 I2 deg Incl Inclination angle
78- 88 A11 --- FileName Name of the file with photometry
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea?.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Filter Photometric filter ID
13- 19 F7.2 um lambda [0.15/2000] Wavelength λ
22- 28 F7.4 Jy Flux Flux
30- 36 F7.4 Jy e_Flux Flux error
38- 39 I2 --- r_Flux Reference to original data source or paper,
in refs.dat file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
24- 61 A38 --- Aut Authors or catalog name
63- 81 A19 --- Com Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Koen Maaskant, maaskant(at)strw.leidenuniv.nl
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 27-May-2013