J/A+A/594/A54 A 1689 HAWK-I J-band image (Petrushevska+, 2016)
High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A 1689.
Petrushevska T., Amanullah R., Goobar A., Fabbro S., Johansson J.,
Kjellsson T., Lidman C., Paech K., Richard J., Dahle H., Ferretti R.,
Kneib J.P., Limousin M., Nordin J., Stanishev V.
<Astron. Astrophys. 594, A54 (2016)>
=2016A&A...594A..54P 2016A&A...594A..54P (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Infrared sources
Keywords: supernovae: general - gravitational lensing: strong -
galaxies: star formation - galaxies: clusters: individual: A 1689 -
techniques: photometric
Abstract:
We present a ground-based, near-infrared search for lensed supernovae
behind the massive cluster Abell 1689 at z=0.18, which is one of the
most powerful gravitational telescopes that nature provides.
Our survey was based on multi-epoch J-band observations with the
HAWK-I instrument on VLT, with supporting optical data from the Nordic
Optical Telescope.
Our search resulted in the discovery of five photometrically
classified, core-collapse supernovae with high redshifts of
0.671<z<1.703 and magnifications in the range {DELTA}m=-0.31 to
-1.58mag, as calculated from lensing models in the literature. Owing
to the power of the lensing cluster, the survey had the sensitivity to
detect supernovae up to very high redshifts, z∼3, albeit for a limited
region of space. We present a study of the core-collapse supernova
rates for 0.4≤z<2.9, and find good agreement with previous estimates
and predictions from star formation history. During our survey, we
also discovered two Type Ia supernovae in A 1689 cluster members,
which allowed us to determine the cluster Ia rate to be
0.14+0.19-0.09±0.01SNuB*h2 (SNuB=10-12SNeL☉,B-1yr-1),
where the error bars indicate 1σ confidence intervals,
statistical and systematic, respectively. The cluster rate normalized
by the stellar mass is 0.10+0.13-0.096±0.02 in SNuM*h2
(SNuM=10-12SNeM☉-1yr-1). Furthermore, we explore the
optimal future survey for improving the core-collapse supernova rate
measurements at z≳2 using gravitational telescopes, and for
detections with multiply lensed images, and we find that the planned
WFIRST space mission has excellent prospects.
Description:
The NIR data were obtained with the High Acuity Wide field K-band
imager mounted on the VLT (Programmes ID 082.A-0431, 0.83.A-0398,
090.A-0492, 091.A-0108, P.I. Goobar). The HAWK-I has an array of four
2048x2048 HgCdTe detectors covering a total area of 7.5'x7.5' with a
sampling of 0.106"/pix per pixel. The chips are separated by a
15" gap.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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13 11 34.2 -01 21 56 A1689 = ACO 1689
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
list.dat 111 1 Information of fits image
A1689_J.fits 2880 23361 FITS image
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of center (J2000)
20- 24 F5.3 arcsec/pix scale Scale of the image
26- 29 I4 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
31- 34 I4 --- Ny Number of pixels along Y-axis
36- 59 A24 --- Obs.Date Observation date (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.ssss)
61- 65 I5 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
67- 78 A12 --- FileName Name of FITS file
80-111 A32 --- Title Title of the FITS file
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Acknowledgements:
Tanja Petrushevska, Tanja.Petrushevska(at)fysik.su.se
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 14-Oct-2016