J/A+A/609/A114 Local Group AGB stars and red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)
Luminosities and mass-loss rates of Local Group AGB stars and red supergiants.
Groenewegen M.A.T, Sloan G.C.
<Astron. Astrophys. 609, A114 (2018)>
=2018A&A...609A.114G 2018A&A...609A.114G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; Infrared sources ; Stars, late-type ;
Mass loss
Keywords: circumstellar matter - stars: mass loss - Magellanic Clouds -
stars: AGB and post-AGB
Abstract:
Mass loss is one of the fundamental properties of asymptotic giant
branch (AGB) stars, and through the enrichment of the interstellar
medium, AGB stars are key players in the life cycle of dust and gas in
the universe. However, a quantitative understanding of the mass-loss
process is still largely lacking.
To investigate mass loss and luminosity in a large sample of evolved
stars in several Local Group galaxies with a variety of metallicities
and star-formation histories: the Small and Large Magellanic Cloud,
and the Fornax, Carina, and Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxies
(dSphs).
Dust radiative transfer models are presented for 225 carbon stars and
171 oxygen-rich evolved stars in several Local Group galaxies for
which spectra from the Infrared Spectrograph on Spitzer are available.
The spectra are complemented with available optical and infrared
photometry to construct spectral energy distributions. A minimisation
procedure is used to determine luminosity and mass-loss rate (MLR).
Pulsation periods are derived for a large fraction of the sample based
on a re-analysis of existing data.
New deep K-band photometry from the VMC survey and multi-epoch data
from IRAC (at 4.5 micron) and AllWISE and NEOWISE have allowed us to
derive pulsation periods longer than 1000 days for some of the most
heavily obscured and reddened objects.
We derive (dust) MLRs and luminosities for the entire sample. The
estimated MLRs can differ significantly from estimates for the same
objects in the literature due to differences in adopted optical
constants (up to factors of several) and details in the radiative
transfer modelling.
Updated parameters for the super-AGB candidate MSX SMC 055 (IRAS
00483-7347) are presented. Its current mass is estimated to be 8.5 ±
1.6 solar mass, suggesting an initial mass well above 8 solar mass in
agreement with estimates based on its large Rubidium abundance.
Using synthetic photometry, we present and discuss color-color and
color-magnitude diagrams which can be expected from the James Webb
Space Telescope.
Description:
The tabular material describes basic parameters for the sample of
Carbon stars (tablea1) and M stars (tableaa2), the results of the dust
radiative transfer fitting for the C stars (tableb1) and M stars
(tableb2), while synthetic photometry in 78 filters is given for the
entire sample in tablec1.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 107 225 *Carbon star sample (corrected version)
tablea2.dat 97 171 M star sample
tableb1.dat 111 225 Fitting results for the C stars
tableb2.dat 112 171 Fitting results for the M stars
tablec1.dat 562 396 *Synthetic photometry for all stars
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Note on tablea1.dat: source [KDM 2001] 4554 (kdm4554) corrected into
2MASS J05304499-6821289 (from author).
Note on tablec1.dat: based on the best-fitting model, magnitudes and fluxes are
computed in a large number of filters for every star. The procedure follows
that in Groenewegen (2006, Cat. J/A+A/448/181). The calibration is based on
the Vega model of Bohlin (2007, ASPC, 364, 315) and assumes zero magnitudes
in all filters.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat tablea2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 41 A41 --- Name Name of the object
42- 51 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascencion (J2000)
53- 62 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
64- 78 A15 --- Ident Identifier in Tables and Figures
80- 83 I4 d Period ? Pulsation period
85- 88 F4.2 mag Amp ? Pulsation (semi-)amplitude
90- 91 A2 --- Filter [W2 BVRIK] Filter for period and amplitude
93- 94 I2 --- Ref ? Reference for period and amplitude (G1)
96-107 A12 --- Remarks Remarks (G2)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Ident Identifier from tablea1
15- 18 I4 K Teff Effective temperature
20- 23 I4 10-2[cm/s2] logg Gravity (log x 100)
25- 28 I4 10-2[-] C/O ?=- C/O ratio (x 100)
30- 57 A28 --- Dust Dust: grain size and type
59- 63 I5 Lsun L Luminosity
65- 73 E9.3 --- tau Dust optical depth at 0.5 micron
75- 82 E8.2 Msun/yr MLR total mass-loss rate
84 I1 --- f_MLR [0/1] MLR fitted (1) or fixed (0)
86- 89 I4 K Tc Dust temperature at the inner radius
91 I1 --- f_Tc [0/1] Tc fitted (1) or fixed (0)
93- 96 F4.2 --- p Slope of the density law
98 I1 --- f_p [0/1] f fitted (1) or fixed (0)
100-105 F6.3 10-2 Rout Outer radius (in inner radius/1000)
107-111 I5 --- Chi2 Reduced chi-squared
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Ident Identifier from tablea2
17- 20 I4 K Teff Effective temperature
22- 25 F4.1 [cm/s2] logg Log Gravity
27- 58 A32 --- Dust Dust: grain size and type
60- 66 I7 Lsun L Luminosity
68- 76 E9.3 --- tau Dust optical depth at 0.5 micron
78- 85 E8.2 Msun/yr MLR total mass-loss rate
87 I1 --- f_MLR [0/1] MLR fitted (1) or fixed (0)
89- 92 I4 K Tc Dust temperature at the inner radius
94 I1 --- f_Tc [0/1] Tc fitted (1) or fixed (0)
96- 99 F4.2 --- p Slope of the density law
101 I1 --- f_p [0/1] f fitted (1) or fixed (0)
103-106 F4.1 --- Rout Outer radius (in inner radius/1000)
108-112 I5 --- Chi2 Reduced chi-squared
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 F6.3 mag Umag Bessell U band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
8- 13 F6.3 mag Bmag Bessell B band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
15- 20 F6.3 mag Vmag Bessell V band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
22- 27 F6.3 mag Rmag Bessell R band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
29- 34 F6.3 mag Imag Bessell I band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
36- 41 F6.3 mag J2mag 2MASS J band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
43- 48 F6.3 mag H2mag 2MASS H band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
50- 55 F6.3 mag K2mag 2MASS K band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
57- 62 F6.3 mag Zmag VISTA Z band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
65- 70 F6.3 mag Ymag VISTA Y band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
72- 77 F6.3 mag Jmag VISTA J band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
79- 84 F6.3 mag Hmag VISTA H band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
86- 91 F6.3 mag Kmag VISTA K band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
93- 98 F6.3 mag W1 WISE 1 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
100-105 F6.3 mag W2 WISE 2 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
107-112 F6.3 mag W3 WISE 3 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
114-119 F6.3 mag W4 WISE 4 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
121-126 F6.3 mag [3.6] IRAC 3.6um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
128-133 F6.3 mag [4.5] IRAC 4.5um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
135-140 F6.3 mag [5.8] IRAC 5.8um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
142-147 F6.3 mag [8.0] IRAC 8.0um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
149-154 F6.3 mag [24] MIPS 24um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
156-161 F6.3 mag [70] MIPS 70um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
163-168 F6.3 mag [160] MIPS 160um band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
170-175 F6.3 [mJy] logF70 Herschel PACS 70um band synthetic flux
177-182 F6.3 [mJy] logF110 Herschel PACS 110um band synthetic flux
184-189 F6.3 [mJy] logF170 Herschel PACS 170um band synthetic flux
191-196 F6.3 [mJy] logF250 SPIRE 250um band synthetic flux
198-203 F6.3 [mJy] logF350 SPIRE 350um band synthetic flux
205-210 F6.3 [mJy] logF550 SPIRE 550um band synthetic flux
212-217 F6.3 mag N2 Akari N2 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
219-224 F6.3 mag N3 Akari N3 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
226-231 F6.3 mag N4 Akari N4 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
233-238 F6.3 mag S7 Akari S7 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
240-245 F6.3 mag S9W Akari S9W band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
247-252 F6.3 mag S11 Akari S11 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
254-259 F6.3 mag L15 Akari L15 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
261-266 F6.3 mag L18W Akari L18W band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
268-273 F6.3 mag L24 Akari L24 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
275-280 F6.3 mag N60 Akari N60 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
282-287 F6.3 mag WS Akari WS band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
289-294 F6.3 mag WL Akari WL band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
296-301 F6.3 mag N160 Akari N160 band synthetic magnitude (Vega)
303-308 F6.3 mag F070W JWST NIRCAM F070W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
310-315 F6.3 mag F090W JWST NIRCAM F090W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
317-322 F6.3 mag F115W JWST NIRCAM F115W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
324-329 F6.3 mag F150W JWST NIRCAM F150W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
331-336 F6.3 mag F200W JWST NIRCAM F200W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
338-343 F6.3 mag F277W JWST NIRCAM F277W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
345-350 F6.3 mag F356W JWST NIRCAM F356W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
352-357 F6.3 mag F444W JWST NIRCAM F444W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
359-364 F6.3 mag F770W JWST MIRI F770W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
366-371 F6.3 mag F1000W JWST MIRI F1000W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
373-378 F6.3 mag F1130W JWST MIRI F1130W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
380-385 F6.3 mag F1280W JWST MIRI F1280W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
387-392 F6.3 mag F1500W JWST MIRI F1500W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
394-399 F6.3 mag F1800W JWST MIRI F1800W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
401-406 F6.3 mag F2100W JWST MIRI F2100W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
408-413 F6.3 mag F2550W JWST MIRI F2550W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
415-420 F6.3 mag F140M JWST NIRCAM F140M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
422-427 F6.3 mag F158M JWST NIRCAM F158M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
429-434 F6.3 mag F162M JWST NIRCAM F162M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
436-441 F6.3 mag F182M JWST NIRCAM F182M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
443-448 F6.3 mag F210M JWST NIRCAM F210M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
450-455 F6.3 mag F250M JWST NIRCAM F250M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
457-462 F6.3 mag F380M JWST NIRCAM F380M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
464-469 F6.3 mag F300M JWST NIRCAM F300M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
471-476 F6.3 mag F335M JWST NIRCAM F335M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
478-483 F6.3 mag F360M JWST NIRCAM F360M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
485-490 F6.3 mag F410M JWST NIRCAM F410M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
492-497 F6.3 mag F430M JWST NIRCAM F430M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
499-504 F6.3 mag F460M JWST NIRCAM F460M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
506-511 F6.3 mag F480M JWST NIRCAM F480M band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
513-518 F6.3 mag F560W JWST MIRI F560W band synthetic magnitude
(Vega)
520-525 F6.3 [mJy] logF350g Generic sub-mm filters at
350um band synthetic flux
527-532 F6.3 [mJy] logF450g Generic sub-mm filters at
450um band synthetic flux
534-539 F6.3 [mJy] logF850g Generic sub-mm filters at
850um band synthetic flux
541-546 F6.3 [mJy] logF1300g Generic sub-mm filters at
1300um band synthetic flux
548-562 A15 -- Ident Identifier
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Reference for period and amplitude as follows:
1 = OGLE (Udalski et al. (2008AcA....58...89U 2008AcA....58...89U, 2008AcA....58..329U 2008AcA....58..329U,
ftp://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl/ogle3)
2 = Groenewegen et al. (in prep), VMC K-band data combined with literature
data
3 = Kamath et al. (2010MNRAS.408..522K 2010MNRAS.408..522K); Amplitude estimated from their
figures
4 = Whitelock et al. (2003MNRAS.342...86W 2003MNRAS.342...86W)
5 = ALLWISE (Cutri et al., 2013, Cat. II/328) +
NEOWISE (Mainzer et al., Cat. J/ApJ/792/30) +
SAGE (Meixner et al., 2015, Cat. II/305) +
SAGE-VAR (Riebel et al., 2015ApJ...807....1R 2015ApJ...807....1R)
6 = MACHO (Fraser et al., 2008, Cat. J/AJ/136/1242)
7 = EROS (Kim et al., 2014, Cat. J/A+A/566/A43 and
Spano et al., 2011, Cat. J/A+A/536/A60)
8 = (not used)
9 = period redetermined combining Whitelock et al. (2003MNRAS.342...86W 2003MNRAS.342...86W)
and Wood (1998A&A...338..592W 1998A&A...338..592W)
10 = Wood, Bessell & Paltoglou (1985ApJ...290..477W 1985ApJ...290..477W)
11 = Menzies et al. (2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/414/3492);
Semi amplitude read-off their figures
12 = Catalina Sky Survey (Drake et al. 2014, Cat. J/ApJS/213/9)
13 = Whitelock et al. (2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/394/795)
14 = Menzies et al (2010MNRAS.406...86M 2010MNRAS.406...86M);
Semi amplitude read-off their figures
15 = ASAS-3 (Pojmanski 2002AcA....52..397P 2002AcA....52..397P, Cat. II/264)
16 = Whitelock et al. (1994, Cat. J/MNRAS/267/711)
17 = period redetermined by combining Catchpole & Feast (1981MNRAS.197..385C 1981MNRAS.197..385C)
and Wood, Bessell & Fox (1983ApJ...272...99W 1983ApJ...272...99W)
18 = OMC (Mas-Hesse et al. 2003A&A...411L.261M 2003A&A...411L.261M)
19 = various literature K-band data
Note (G2): Remarks as follows:
For the Carbon star sample:
R CrB = R CrB star
S-star (WBP) = S star in Wood et al., 1985ApJ...290..477W 1985ApJ...290..477W
For the M-star sample :
FG = foreground object
SG = supergiant
MA = oxygen-rich AGB star
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Acknowledgements:
Martin Groenewegen, marting(at)oma.be
History:
25-Jan-2018: on-line version of the tables
20-Nov-2018: in tablea1, source [KDM 2001] 4554 corrected into
2MASS J05304499-6821289 (from author)
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 12-Dec-2017