J/A+A/637/A12 Northern disk of M31 XMM-Newton images (Kavanagh+, 2020)
Deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disk of M31.
II: Tracing the hot interstellar medium.
Kavanagh P.J., Sasaki M., Breitschwerdt D., de Avillez M.A., Filipovic M.D.,
Galvin T., Haberl F., Hatzidimitriou D., Henze M., Plucinsky P.P.,
Saeedi S., Sokolovsky K.V., Williams B.F.
<Astron. Astrophys. 637, A12 (2020)>
=2020A&A...637A..12K 2020A&A...637A..12K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; X-ray sources ; Interstellar medium
Keywords: ISM: bubbles - HII regions - ISM: structure - galaxies: ISM -
X-rays: ISM
Abstract:
We use new deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disk of M31
to trace the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in unprecedented detail and
to characterise the physical properties of the X-ray emitting plasmas.
We used all XMM-Newton data up to and including our new observations
to produce the most detailed image yet of the hot ISM plasma in a
grand design spiral galaxy such as our own. We compared the X-ray
morphology to multi-wavelength studies in the literature to set it in
the context of the multi-phase ISM. We performed spectral analyses on
the extended emission using our new observations as they offer
sufficient depth and count statistics to constrain the plasma
properties. Data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury were
used to estimate the energy injected by massive stars and their
supernovae. We compared these results to the hot gas properties.
The brightest emission regions were found to be correlated with
populations of massive stars, notably in the 10kpc star-forming ring.
The plasma temperatures in the ring regions are ∼0.2keV up to ∼0.6keV.
We suggest this emission is hot ISM heated in massive stellar clusters
and superbubbles. We derived X-ray luminosities, densities, and
pressures for the gas in each region. We also found large extended
emission filling low density gaps in the dust morphology of the
northern disk, notably between the 5kpc and 10kpc star-forming
rings. We propose that the hot gas was heated and expelled into the
gaps by the populations of massive stars in the rings.
It is clear that the massive stellar populations are responsible for
heating the ISM to X-ray emitting temperatures, filling their
surroundings, and possibly driving the hot gas into the low density
regions. Overall, the morphology and spectra of the hot gas in the
northern disk of M 31 is similar to other galaxy disks.
Description:
Figure1_0.4-0.7keV.fits and Figure1_0.7-1.25keV.fits.
XMM-Newton mosaic images of M 31 in the 0.4-0.7keV and 0.7-1.25keV
range. We used all XMM-Newton data up to and including our new
observations (early 2016). To produce these mosaics we used the the
XMM-Newton Extended Source Analysis Software (XMM-ESAS), packaged in
SAS1 15.0.0. XMM-ESAS is based on the software used for the background
modelling described by Snowden et al. (2004ApJ...610.1182S 2004ApJ...610.1182S). The units
of the images are cts/s/deg2. See Section 2.1.1 for more details.
Figure2_0.4-1.25keV.fits.
XMM-Newton image of the northern disk of M 31 in the 0.4-1.25keV
range produced as in Figure 1. See Sections 2.1.1 and 2.2 for more
details.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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00 42 44.33 +41 16 07.5 M 31 = NGC 224
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
list.dat 129 3 List of fits images
fits/* . 3 Individual fits images
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See also:
J/A+A/480/599 : XMM-Newton survey of M31 centre field (Stiele+, 2008)
J/A+A/495/733 : XMM-Newton spectral survey of M31 disc (Shaw+, 2009)
J/A+A/534/A55 : Deep XMM-Newton Survey of M31 (Stiele+, 2011)
J/A+A/555/A65 : X-ray variability of M31 central field (Hofmann+, 2013)
J/A+A/620/A28 : XMM northern disc of M31 sources (Sasaki+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of center (J2000)
20- 23 I4 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
25- 28 I4 --- Ny Number of pixels along Y-axis
30- 33 I4 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
35- 58 A24 --- FileName Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
60-129 A70 --- Title Title of the FITS file
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Acknowledgements:
Patrick Kavanagh, paddy.kav1(at)gmail.com
Histoty:
Sasaki et al., Paper I 2018A&A...620A..28S 2018A&A...620A..28S, Cat. J/A+A/620/A28
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 05-Apr-2020