J/A+A/667/A76       64 Virgo galaxies radial surface brightness  (Junais+, 2022)
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE). XIII.
The role of ram-pressure stripping in transforming the diffuse and ultra-diffuse
galaxies in the Virgo cluster .
    Junais S., Boissier S., Boselli A., Ferrarese L., Cote P., Gwyn S.,
    Roediger J., Lim S., Peng E.W., Cuillandre J.-C., Longobardi A., Fossati M.,
    Hensler G., Koda J., Bautista J., Boquien M., Malek K., Amram P., Roehlly Y.
    <Astron. Astrophys. 667, A76 (2022)>
    =2022A&A...667A..76J 2022A&A...667A..76J        (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, photometry ; Photometry, SDSS ;
              Photometry, H-alpha ; Photometry, ultraviolet
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo -
          galaxies: evolution - galaxies: interactions -
          galaxies: star formation
Abstract:
    Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBs) contribute to a significant
    fraction of all the galaxies in the Universe. Ultra-diffuse galaxies
    (UDGs) form a subclass of LSBs that has attracted a lot of attention
    in recent years (although its definition may vary between studies).
    Although UDGs are found in large numbers in galaxy clusters, groups,
    and in the field, their formation and evolution are still very much
    debated. Using a comprehensive set of multiwavelength data from the
    NGVS (optical), VESTIGE (Halpha narrowband), and GUViCS (UV) surveys,
    we studied a sample of 64 diffuse galaxies and UDGs in the Virgo
    cluster to investigate their formation history. We analyzed the
    photometric colors and surface-brightness profiles of these galaxies
    and then compared them to models of galaxy evolution, including
    ram-pressure stripping (RPS) events to infer any possible strong
    interactions with the hot cluster gas in the past. While our sample
    consists mainly of red LSBs, which is typical in cluster environments,
    we found evidence of a color variation with the cluster-centric
    distance. Blue, HI-bearing, star-forming diffuse galaxies are found at
    larger distances from the cluster center than the rest of the sample.
    The comparison of our models with multifrequency observations suggests
    that most of the galaxies of the sample might have undergone a strong
    RPS event in their lifetime, on average 1.6Gyr ago (with a large
    dispersion, and RPS still ongoing for some of them). This process
    resulted in the transformation of initially gas-rich diffuse blue
    galaxies into gas-poor and red ones that form the dominant population
    now, the more extreme UDGs having undergone the process in a more
    distant past on average. The RPS in dense environments could be one of
    the major mechanisms for the formation of the large number of
    quiescent UDGs we observe in galaxy clusters.
Description:
    Multi-wavelength images and radial surface brightness profiles in
    eight photometric bands for a sample of 64 diffuse and ultra-diffuse
    galaxies in the Virgo cluster are provided. The original data are
    taken from the GUViCS, NGVS and VESTIGE surveys. Units and calibration
    are kept as in the standard products from these survey (i.e. GALEX FUV
    and NUV, CFHT MegaCam u, g, i, z and VESTIGE r, narrowband Halpha).
    All the images have the same pixel scale of 0.187 arcsec/pixel.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe            80        .   This file
tabled1.dat      104       64  *Properties of the selected sample of galaxies
appen.dat        201     1270   Radial surface brightness profiles
list.dat          96      507   List of fits images
fits/*             .      507   Individual fits images
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Note on tabled1.dat: All the geometrical parameters given in this table are 
   taken from the NGVS catalog.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units       Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  4  I4    ---         ID        Source ID based on the position in the 
                                       NGVS catalog
   6- 32  A27   ---         NGVS      Name  of the source in NGVS 
                                       (NGVSJHH:MM:SS.ss+DD:MM:SS.s)
  34- 41  A8    ---         VCC       VCC name
  43- 49  F7.3  deg         RAdeg     Right ascension (J2000)
  51- 56  F6.3  deg         DEdeg     Declination (J2000)
  58- 61  F4.2  Mpc         DM87      Projected distance of the galaxy from M87
  63- 67  F5.2  mag         gmag      g-band magnitude
  69- 73  F5.2 10+7Msun     M*        Stellar mass of the galaxies 
                                       (see Sect. 2.1)
  75- 78  F4.2  kpc         Reg       Effective radius of the source
  80- 84  F5.2 mag/arcsec+2 mu0g      g-band central surface brightness
  86- 89  F4.2  ---         q         Axis ratio
  91- 96  F6.2  deg         PA        [] Position angle
  98-102  F5.3  mag         E(B-V)    Foreground galactic extinction from 
                                       Schlegel et al. (1998ApJ...500..525S 1998ApJ...500..525S)
     104  I1    ---         Flag      [1/2] Flag for the galaxy type (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag for the galaxy type as follows:
    1 = UDGs from Lim et al. (2020ApJ...899...69L 2020ApJ...899...69L) 
    2 = Diffuse galaxies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Byte-by-byte Description of file: appen.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units           Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  4  I4    ---             ID       ID of the galaxy
   6- 14  F9.5  deg             RAdeg    Right Ascension of center (J2000)
  16- 23  F8.5  deg             DEdeg    Declination of center (J2000)
  25- 30  F6.2  arcsec          Rarcsec  Radius in angular units
  32- 36  F5.2  kpc             Rkpc     Radius in physical units
      38  A1    ---           l_SuBru    Limit flag on SuBru
  39- 43  F5.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBru    Observed u band surface brightness (1)
  45- 48  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBru    Upper limit uncertainty in SuBru
  50- 53  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBru    Lower limit uncertainty in SuBru
      55  A1    ---           l_SuBrg    Limit flag on SuBrg (3)
  56- 60  F5.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBrg    Observed g band surface brightness (1)
  62- 65  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBrg    Upper limit uncertainty in SuBrg
  67- 70  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBrg    Lower limit uncertainty in SuBrg
      72  A1    ---           l_SuBrr    Limit flag on SuBrr (3)
  73- 77  F5.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBrr    Observed r band surface brightness (1)
  79- 82  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBrr    Upper limit uncertainty in SuBrr
  84- 87  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBrr    Lower limit uncertainty in SuBrr
      89  A1    ---           l_SuBri    Limit flag on SuBri (3)
  90- 94  F5.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBri    Observed i band surface brightness (1)
  96- 99  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBri    Upper limit uncertainty in SuBri
 101-104  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBri    Lower limit uncertainty in SuBri
     106  A1    ---           l_SuBrz    Limit flag on SuBrz (3)
 107-111  F5.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBrz    Observed z band surface brightness (1)
 113-116  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBrz    Upper limit uncertainty in SuBrz
 118-121  F4.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBrz    Lower limit uncertainty in SuBrz
     123  A1    ---           l_SigmaHa  Limit flag on SigmaHa (3)
 124-131  E8.4 mW/m2/arcsec2    SigmaHa  Observed Hα narrow-band surface
                                          brightness (erg/cm2/s/arcsec2)
 134-141  E8.4 mW/m2/arcsec2  E_SigmaHa  Upper limit uncertainty in SigmaHa
                                          (erg/cm2/s/arcsec2)
 144-151  E8.4 mW/m2/arcsec2  e_SigmaHa  Lower limit uncertainty in SigmaHa
                                          (erg/cm2/s/arcsec2)
     153  A1    ---           l_SuBrFUV  Limit flag on SuBrFUV (3)
 154-160  F7.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBrFUV  ?=-100 Observed FUV band surface
                                          brightness (1) (4)
 162-168  F7.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBrFUV  ?=-100  Upper limit uncertainty in
                                          SuBrFUV (4)
 170-176  F7.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBrFUV  ?=-100 Lower limit uncertainty in
                                          SuBrFUV (4)
     178  A1    ---           l_SuBrNUV  Limit flag on SuBrnuv
 179-185  F7.2 mag/arcsec2      SuBrNUV  ?=-100 Observed NUV band surface
                                          brightness (1) (4)
 187-193  F7.2 mag/arcsec2    E_SuBrNUV  ?=-100  Upper limit uncertainty in
                                          SuBrnuv (4)
 195-201  F7.2 mag/arcsec2    e_SuBrNUV  ?=-100 Lower limit uncertainty in
                                          SuBrnuv (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Corrected for Galactic extinction and inclination.
          All the magnitudes are in AB units.
Note (3): Three sigma upper limits in surface brightness are marked with > or <.
Note (4): Unavailable data-points are marked as -100.
          FUV and NUV data is not available for galaxy ID 892 and ID 935.
           For ID 1164, FUV data is not available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units     Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  4  I4    ---       ID        ID of the galaxy
   6- 14  F9.5  deg       RAdeg     Right Ascension of center (J2000)
  15- 23  F9.5  deg       DEdeg     Declination of center (J2000)
  25- 29  F5.3 arcsec/pix scale     Scale of the image
  31- 34  I4    ---       Nx        Number of pixels along X-axis
  36- 39  I4    ---       Ny        Number of pixels along Y-axis
  41- 46  I6    Kibyte    size      Size of FITS file
  48- 66  A19   ---       FileName  Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
  68- 96  A29   ---       Title     Title of the FITS file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
    Junais Madathodika, junais.madathodika(at)lam.fr
References:
   Boselli et al.,     Paper I    2018A&A...614A..56B 2018A&A...614A..56B
   Fossati et al.,     Paper II   2018A&A...614A..57F 2018A&A...614A..57F
   Boselli et al.,     Paper III  2018A&A...615A.114B 2018A&A...615A.114B
   Boselli et al.,     Paper IV   2018A&A...620A.164B 2018A&A...620A.164B
   Boselli et al.,     Paper V    2019A&A...623A..52B 2019A&A...623A..52B
   Boselli et al.,     Paper VI   2020A&A...634L...1B 2020A&A...634L...1B
   Boselli et al.,     Paper VII  2020A&A...644A.161L 2020A&A...644A.161L
   Volmer et al.,      Paper VIII 2021A&A...645A.121V 2021A&A...645A.121V
   Boselli et al.,     Paper IX   2021A&A...646A.139B 2021A&A...646A.139B, Cat. J/A+A/646/A139
   Junais et al.,      Paper X    2021A&A...650A..99J 2021A&A...650A..99J, Cat. J/A+A/650/A99
   Sardaneta et al.,   Paper XI   2022A&A...659A..45S 2022A&A...659A..45S, Cat. J/A+A/659/A45
   Boselli et al.,     Paper XII  2022A&A...659A..46B 2022A&A...659A..46B. Cat. J/A+A/659/A46
(End)                                        Patricia Vannier [CDS]  09-Aug-2022