J/A+A/670/A139 CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs (Ribas+, 2023)
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs.
Guaranteed Time Observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020).
Ribas I., Reiners A., Zechmeister M., Caballero J.A., Morales J.C.,
Sabotta S., Baroch D., Amado P.J., Quirrenbach A., Abril M., Aceituno J.,
Anglada-Escude G., Azzaro M., Barrado D., Bejar V.J.S., Benitez de Haro D.,
Bergond G., Bluhm P., Calvo Ortega R., Cardona Guillen C., Chaturvedi P.,
Cifuentes C., Colome J., Cont D., Cortes-Contreras M., Czesla S.,
Diez-Alonso E., Dreizler S., Duque-Arribas C., Espinoza N., Fernandez M.,
Fuhrmeister B., Galadi-Enriquez D., Garcia-Lopez A., Gonzalez-Alvarez E.,
Gonzalez Hernandez J.I., Guenther E.W., de Guindos E., Hatzes A.P.,
Henning Th., Herrero E., Hintz D., Huelmo A.L., Jeffers S.V., Johnson E.N.,
de Juan E., Kaminski A., Kemmer J., Khaimova J., Khalafinejad S.,
Kossakowski D., Kuerster M., Labarga F., Lafarga M., Lalitha S., Lampon M.,
Lillo-Box J., Lodieu N., Lopez Gonzalez M.J., Lopez-Puertas M., Luque R.,
Magan H., Mancini L., Marfil E., Martin E.L., Martin-Ruiz S.,
Molaverdikhani K., Montes D., Nagel E., Nortmann L., Nowak G., Palle E.,
Passegger V.M., Pavlov A., Pedraz S., Perdelwitz V., Perger M.,
Ramon-Ballesta A., Reffert S., Revilla D., Rodriguez E., Rodriguez-Lopez C.,
Sadegi S., Sanchez Carrasco M.A., Sanchez-Lopez A., Sanz-Forcada J.,
Schaefer S., Schlecker M., Schmitt J.H.M.M., Schoefer P., Schweitzer A.,
Seifert W., Shan Y., Skrzypinski S.L., Solano E., Stahl O., Stangret M.,
Stock S., Stuermer J., Tabernero H.M., Tal-Or L., Trifonov T.,
Vanaverbeke S., Yan F., Zapatero Osorio M.R.
<Astron. Astrophys. 670, A139 (2023)>
=2023A&A...670A.139R 2023A&A...670A.139R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Stars, M-type ; Exoplanets ;
Spectroscopy ; Radial velocities ; Optical
Keywords: techniques: spectroscopic - astronomical data bases -
planetary systems - stars: late-type - solar neighbourhood
Abstract:
The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5-m telescope of the Calar
Alto observatory in Almeria, Spain, was conceived to deliver
high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term
stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of
nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was
designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess
the nature of potential RV signals and also valuable spectral
information to characterise the stellar targets. Here, we describe the
CARMENES Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO), which ran from 2016 to
2020 and collected 19633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets. We
present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all
observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. The
CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases and
about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc accessible from Calar
Alto were included. The data are pipeline-processed and high-level
data products, including 18642 precise RVs for 345 targets, are
derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators are
also obtained. We discuss the characteristics of CARMENES data and the
statistical properties of the stellar sample and the spectroscopic
measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide
a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey,
including 33 new planets, 17 reanalysed planets, and 26 confirmed
planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238
targets is used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an
overall average of 1.44±0.20 planets with
1M⊕<Mplsini<1000M⊕ and 1d<Porb<1000d per star, and
indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All
the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data
products are publicly available online. CARMENES data have proven very
useful to identify and measure planetary companions. They are also
suitable for a variety of additional applications such as the
determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the
characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet
atmospheres.
Description:
In Table 1, we provide the the list of stars of the CARMENES GTO
survey included in the data release DR1. Star identifier, the number
of radial velocity measurements and spectra, the mass, the radius, the
effective temperature, and the rotation period (if known) of each star
are listed. The nightly zero point radial velocity average value used
to correct data from instrumental systematics are given in Table 2.
The radial velocity correction, its uncertainty, the number of
measurements averaged, and a quality flag are provided for each night.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 118 361 CARMENES GTO stars properties
table2.dat 25 1839 Radial velocity nightly zero points
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Karmn CARMENES star name
13- 36 A24 --- Name Alternative star name
38- 40 I3 --- NAVC ? Number of nightly zero point corrected radial
velocity measurements
42- 44 I3 --- NRVC Number of spectra in DR1
46- 51 F6.4 Msun Mass ? Mass of the star in solar units
53- 58 F6.4 Msun e_Mass ? Mass of the star uncertainty
60- 65 F6.4 Rsun Rad ? Radius of the star in solar units
67- 72 F6.4 Rsun e_Rad ? Radius of the star uncertainty
74- 77 I4 K Teff ? Effective temperature of the star
79- 81 I3 K e_Teff ? Effective temperature uncertainty
83- 88 F6.2 d Prot ? Rotation period of the star
90- 95 A6 --- Ref Reference of the rotation period (1)
97-100 A4 --- Survey Survey flag (2)
102-118 A17 --- Comm Comments (3)
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Note (1): Bibliographic reference of the rotation period as follows:
CC23 = Cortes-Contreras et al. (in prep.)
DA19 = Diez Alonso et al. (2019A&A...621A.126D 2019A&A...621A.126D, Cat. J/A+A/621/A126)
Har11 = Hartman et al. (2011AJ....141..166H 2011AJ....141..166H, Cat. J/AJ/141/166)
Kir12 = Kiraga (2012AcA....62...67K 2012AcA....62...67K, Cat. J/AcA/62/67)
Kir07 = Kiraga & Stepien (2007AcA....57..149K 2007AcA....57..149K)
Med20 = Medina et al. (2020ApJ...905..107M 2020ApJ...905..107M, Cat. J/ApJ/905/107)
Mon08 = Morin et al. (2008MNRAS.390..567M 2008MNRAS.390..567M, Cat. J/MNRAS/390/567)
Mon10 = Morin et al. (2010MNRAS.407.2269M 2010MNRAS.407.2269M, Cat. J/MNRAS/407/2269)
New16a = Newton et al. (2016ApJ...821...93N 2016ApJ...821...93N, Cat. J/ApJ/821/93)
New18 = Newton et al. (2018AJ....156..217N 2018AJ....156..217N, Cat. J/AJ/156/217)
Rae20 = Raetz et al. (2020A&A...637A..22R 2020A&A...637A..22R, Cat. J/A+A/637/A22)
Rev20 = Revilla (2020, Master Thesis, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid Study of TESS lightcurves of M stars from CARMENES sample)
SM15 = Suarez Mascareno et al. (2015MNRAS.452.2745S 2015MNRAS.452.2745S)
SM17b = Suarez Mascareno et al. (2017MNRAS.468.4772S 2017MNRAS.468.4772S)
SM18 = Suarez Mascareno et al. (2018A&A...612A..89S 2018A&A...612A..89S)
TP19 = Toledo-Padron et al. (2019MNRAS.488.5145T 2019MNRAS.488.5145T)
Wat06 = Watson et al. (2006SASS...25...47W 2006SASS...25...47W, Cat. B/vsx)
Wes15 = West et al. (2015ApJ...812....3W 2015ApJ...812....3W, Cat. J/ApJ/812/3)
Note (2): Flag identifying stars that are part of the blind radial velocity
survey (GTO) or the program to determine the mass of transiting planets
(TESS).
An asterisk marks stars already tabulated in Reiners et al.
(2018A&A...612A..49R 2018A&A...612A..49R, Cat. J/A+A/612/A49).
Note (3): Comment identifying spectroscopic multiple systems: Double-line
spectroscopic binaries (SB2), triple-line spectroscopic binaries (ST3), and
visual binaries (Visual).
Multiplicity bibliographic reference:
Bar18 = Baroch et al. (2018A&A...619A..32B 2018A&A...619A..32B, Cat. J/A+A/619/A32)
Bar21 = Baroch et al. (2021A&A...653A..49B 2021A&A...653A..49B)
Gaia = Gaia Collaboration et al. (2016A&A...595A...1G 2016A&A...595A...1G, Cat. I/337,
2021A&A...649A...6G 2021A&A...649A...6G, Cat. J/A+A/649/A6)
Mor09 = Morales et al. (2009ApJ...691.1400M 2009ApJ...691.1400M, Cat. J/ApJ/691/1400)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- JD Julian date (1)
9- 14 F6.2 m/s RV-NZP Radial velocity of the nightly zero point
16- 20 F5.2 m/s e_RV-NZP Uncertainty estimate of the NZP
22- 23 I2 --- NRV Number of RV-quiet star RVs used to calculate
the NZP
25 A1 --- Flag [0/1] Quality flag (2)
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Note (1): Julian date of applicability of the nightly zero point radial velocity
correction (valid from UT12:00 to UT12:00 next day).
Note (2): Flag identifying nights with computed radial velocity nightly zero
point from RV-quiet RVs measurements (0) and nights in which the nightly zero
point is computed as a moving average from adjacent nights (1).
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Acknowledgements:
Ignasi Ribas, iribas(at)ice.cat
(End) Ignasi Ribas [ICE, CSIC, IEEC Spain], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 16-Dec-2022