J/A+A/670/A158 CHANG-ES. XXVI. radio images of 5 galaxies (Stein+, 2023)
CHANG-ES.
XXVI. Insights into cosmic-ray transport from radio halos in edge-on galaxies.
Stein M., Heesen V., Dettmar R.-J., Stein Y., Brueggen M., Beck R.,
Adebahr B., Wiegert T., Vargas C.J., Bomans D.J., Li J., English J.,
Chyzy K.T., Paladino R., Tabatabaei F.S., Strong A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 670, A158 (2023)>
=2023A&A...670A.158S 2023A&A...670A.158S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies ; Radio sources
Keywords: galaxies: evolution - galaxies: halos - galaxies: star formation -
cosmic rays - radio continuum: galaxies
Abstract:
Galactic winds play a key role in regulating the evolution of galaxies
over cosmic time. In recent years, the role of cosmic rays (CRs) in
the formation of the galactic wind has increasingly gained attention.
Therefore, we use radio continuum data to analyse the CR transport in
edge-on galaxies.
With newly reduced radio continuum data of five edge-on galaxies
(NGC 891, NGC 3432, NGC 4013, NGC 4157, and NGC 4631), we plan to set
new constraints on the morphology of radio halos and the physical
properties of galactic winds driven by stellar feedback. By
distinguishing between the central and outer regions of the galaxies,
our study setup allows us to search for variations in the radio halo
profile or CR transport along the galactic disk.
Data from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Data Release 2 at
144MHz (HBA) and reprocessed data from the Very Large Array (VLA) at
1.5GHz (L band) from the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies -- an EVLA
Survey (CHANG-ES) enable us to increase the extent of the analysed
radio continuum profile significantly (up to a factor of 2) compared
to previous studies. We computed thermal emission maps using a mixture
approach with H-alpha and near-infrared data, which were then
subtracted to yield radio synchrotron emission maps. Then we compiled
non-thermal spectral index maps and computed intensity profiles using
a box integration approach. Lastly, we performed 1D CR transport
modelling.
The non-thermal spectral index maps show evidence that the LoTSS maps
are affected by thermal absorption in star-forming regions. The scale
height analysis reveals that most of the galaxies are equally well
fitted with a one-component instead of a two component exponential
profile. We find a bi-modality within our sample. While NGC 3432 and
NGC 4013 have similar scale heights in the L band and HBA, the
low-frequency scale heights of NGC 891, NGC 4157, and NGC 4631 exceed
their high-frequency counterpart significantly. The 1D CR transport
modelling shows agreement between the predicted magnetic field
strength and the magnetic field strength estimates of equipartition
measurements. Additionally, we find an increasing difference in wind
velocities (with increasing height over the galactic disk) between the
central and outer regions of the analysed galaxies.
Description:
Here, we provide the VLA L band (C- and D-configuration combined) maps
of the five galaxies that have bin analysed in this paper after point
source subtraction and masking as well as the non-thermal spectral
index maps between LOFAR HBA (144MHz) and L band (1.5GHz). We
corrected for thermal emission in the L band data.
The calibration strategy of the D-Array data is described in Wiegert
et al., 2015AJ....150...81W 2015AJ....150...81W.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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02 22 32.90 +42 20 53.9 NGC 891 = 2MASS J02223247+4220494
10 52 31.13 +36 37 07.6 NGC 3432 = 2MASX J10523113+3637076
11 58 31.41 +43 56 49.2 NGC 4013 = 2MASX J11583141+4356492
12 11 04.36 +50 29 04.8 NGC 4157 = 2MASX J12110436+5029048
12 42 08.00 +32 32 29.4 NGC 4631 = 2MASX J12420800+3232294
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
list.dat 140 9 List of fits images
fits/* . 9 Individual fits images
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See also:
J/A+A/632/A10 : NGC 4631 total intensity images (Mora-Partiarroyo+, 2019)
J/A+A/632/A11 : Radio images of NGC 4631 (Mora-Partiarroyo+, 2019)
J/A+A/632/A12 : NGC 891 and NGC 4565 radio images (Schmidt+, 2019)
J/A+A/632/A13 : NGC 4013 radio and polarization maps (Stein+, 2019)
J/A+A/639/A111 : NGC 4217 radio and polarization maps (Stein+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of center (J2000)
20- 23 I4 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
25- 28 I4 --- Ny Number of pixels along Y-axis
30- 34 I5 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
36- 53 A18 --- FileName Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
55-140 A86 --- Title Title of the FITS file
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Acknowledgements:
Michael Stein, mstein(at)astro.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
References:
Irwin et al., Paper I 2012AJ....144...43I 2012AJ....144...43I
Irwin et al., Paper II 2012AJ....144...44I 2012AJ....144...44I
Irwin et al., Paper III 2013AJ....146..164I 2013AJ....146..164I
Wiegert et al., Paper IV 2015AJ....150...81W 2015AJ....150...81W
Irwin et al., Paper V 2015ApJ...809..172I 2015ApJ...809..172I
Li et al., Paper VI 2016MNRAS.456.1723L 2016MNRAS.456.1723L
Damas-Segovia et al., Paper VII 2016ApJ...824...30D 2016ApJ...824...30D
Irwin et al., Paper VIII 2017MNRAS.464.1333I 2017MNRAS.464.1333I
Krause et al., Paper IX 2018A&A...611A..72K 2018A&A...611A..72K
Vargas et al., Paper X 2018ApJ...853..128V 2018ApJ...853..128V
Irwin et al., Paper XI 2018MNRAS.476.5057I 2018MNRAS.476.5057I
Miskolczi et al., Paper XII 2019A&A...622A...9M 2019A&A...622A...9M
Stein et al., Paper XIII 2019A&A...623A..33S 2019A&A...623A..33S
Mora-Partiarroyo et al., Paper XIV 2019A&A...632A..10M 2019A&A...632A..10M, Cat. J/A+A/632/A10
Mora-Partiarroyo et al., Paper XV 2019A&A...632A..11M 2019A&A...632A..11M, Cat. J/A+A/632/A11
Schmidt et al., Paper XVI 2019A&A...632A..12S 2019A&A...632A..12S, Cat. J/A+A/632/A12
Vargas et al., Paper XVII 2019ApJ...881...26V 2019ApJ...881...26V
Stein et al., Paper XIX 2019A&A...632A..13S 2019A&A...632A..13S, Cat. J/A+A/632/A13
Irwin et al., Paper XX 2019AJ....158...21I 2019AJ....158...21I
Stein et al., Paper XXI 2020A&A...639A.111S 2020A&A...639A.111S, Cat. J/A+A/639/A111
Krause et al., Paper XXII 2020A&A...639A.112K 2020A&A...639A.112K
Heald et al., Paper XXIII 2022MNRAS.509..658H 2022MNRAS.509..658H
Yang et al., Paper XXIV 2022ApJ...927....4Y 2022ApJ...927....4Y
Zheng et al., Paper XXV 2022MNRAS.513.1329Z 2022MNRAS.513.1329Z
Irwin et al., Paper XXVII 2022MNRAS.512.5755I 2022MNRAS.512.5755I
Li et al., Paper XXIX 2022MNRAS.515.2483L 2022MNRAS.515.2483L
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 09-Dec-2022