J/A+A/670/A37 Spatial and dynamical structure of NGC2264 (Flaccomio+, 2023)
Spatial and dynamical structure of the NGC 2264 star-forming region.
Flaccomio E., Micela G., Peres G., Sciortino S., Salvaggio E.,
Prisinzano L., Guarcello M. G., Venuti L., Bonito R., Pillitteri I.
<Astron. Astrophys. 670, A37 (2023)>
=2023A&A...670A..37F 2023A&A...670A..37F (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open ; Stars, pre-main sequence ; X-ray sources
Keywords: open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 2264 -
Stars: formation - stars: pre-main sequence -
Stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
Abstract:
The processes that lead from molecular clouds to protostars, stellar
associations, and the evolution of both, are active research topics.
The target of this study, NGC2264, is a benchmark star-forming region
(SFR) in which these issues can be profitably studied.
We assembled a new extensive sample of NGC 2264 members. To this end
we used new X-ray data obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope, GAIA
eDR3 data, and an extensive collection of public and published
catalogs. Following a previous suggestion that the SFR might extend
significantly beyond the better studied areas, our search covers a
wide 2.5x2.5 degrees region in the sky.
Our catalog comprises more than 2200 candidate members, a ∼100%
increase over previous determinations. We analyze their spatial
distribution and define new substructures. Using GAIA parallaxes we
estimate a new average distance to NGC2264 of 722±2pc and suggest
that the embedded Spokes subregion is ∼20pc farther away within the
molecular cloud. A complex dynamics is unveiled by the available
proper motions and radial velocities: we observe signs of global
expansion and rotation. At the same time, we observe the collapse and
coalescence of two substructures in a region where active star
formation is taking place. The fraction of stars with disks and of
those undergoing circumstellar accretion varies significantly across
the field, suggesting that star formation has been occurring for
several million years. A particularly low disk fraction around the O
VII star S Mon might be attributed to external disk photoevaporation
or to an older age of the stars in the region.
NGC2264 is not dynamically relaxed and its present configuration is
the result of multiple dynamical processes. The cloud has been forming
stars for several million years and we identify the process that is
likely responsible for the ongoing formation activity.
Description:
Membership of the star forming region NGC2264. The on-line tables
provide two X-ray source lists, for the available XMM-Newton and
Chandra observations, respectively, and the full list of candidate
members. These were selected on the basis of optical and IR
photometric and spectroscopic indicators, kinematic indicators (proper
motions and radial velocities), parallaxes, and X-ray detections.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 55 944 Detected XMM-Newton sources
table3.dat 141 10267 Candidate members (sample 'a')
tablea1.dat 39 1043 Detected Chandra ACIS sources
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See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
II/349 : Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/AJ/114/2644 : UBVRIHa photometry of NGC2264 (Sung+, 1997)
J/A+A/417/557 : Rotation + variability of PMS Stars in NGC 2264 (Lamm, 2004)
J/AJ/127/2659 : CHANDRA observations of NGC 2264 (Ramirez+, 2004)
J/A+A/455/903 : ACIS-I observations of NGC 2264 (Flaccomio+, 2006)
J/AJ/134/999 : X-ray observations of NGC 2264 (Dahm+, 2007)
J/AJ/135/441 : VRIHα photometry in NGC 2264 (Sung+, 2008)
J/AJ/138/1116 : A Spitzer view of NGC 2264 (Sung+, 2009)
J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/453/2006 : NGC 2264 SCUBA-2 observations (Buckle+, 2015)
J/A+A/642/A56 : Diagnostic for accretion/outflow in NGC 2264 (Bonito+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- XMM [1/944] Source identification number
5- 6 I2 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
8- 9 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
11- 15 F5.2 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
17 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
18- 19 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
24- 27 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
29- 32 F4.1 arcsec Id.rad Identification radius (1)
34- 38 F5.1 --- Signif Significance of detection
40- 46 F7.1 ct Cts Background-subtracted source counts
48- 52 I5 10-7ph/s/cm2 Flux Flux in the 0.3-7.9keV band
54- 55 I2 10-7ph/s/cm2 e_Flux Uncertainty on Flux
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Note (1): Radius used for identification with master catalog.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 I5 --- Seq [1/10267] Catalog sequential number
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 49 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia source name
51- 68 I18 --- PS1 ? PS1 source name
70- 85 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS source name
87- 92 I6 --- Mon ? CSI source name(1)
94- 97 I4 --- ACIS ? Chandra-ACIS source name (Tab. A1)
99-101 I3 --- XMM ? XMM-Newton source number (Tab. 2)
103-115 A13 --- Fmemb membership flag (2)
117-137 A21 --- Ffield field star flag (3)
139-141 A3 --- samp subsamples (4)
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Note (1): Designation from the catalog used by Cody et al. (2014AJ....147...82C 2014AJ....147...82C,
Cat. J/AJ/147/82)
Note (2): Flags indicate (13 characters):
2 : star in conservative locus with 3sigma confidence,
1 : in standard locus with 3sigma confidence,
0 : not in locus with 3sigma confidence,
- : not placed in relative diagram.
Flags refer to loci (or criteria) defined in the following planes, from
left to right:
r-Ha vs. r-i (IPHAS),
R-Ha vs. V-I (IPHAS),
R-Ha vs. V-I (Sung et al., 2008AJ....135..441S 2008AJ....135..441S, Cat. J/AJ/135/441),
R-Ha vs. R-I (Lamm et al., 2004A&A...417..557L 2004A&A...417..557L, Cat. J/A+A/417/557),
Ha(EW) vs. V-I,
Ha(FWZI) vs. V-I (Bonito et al., 2020A&A...642A..56B 2020A&A...642A..56B, Cat. J/A+A/642/A56)
J-H vs. H-K,
[3.6]-[5.8] vs. [4.5]-[8.0] (Spitzer),
W1-W2 vs. W2-W3 (WISE),
vs. G,
PM_Dec vs. PM_RA,
PLX vs. G,
i-z (PS1) vs. [3.6]-[4.5]
(Spitzer), X-ray detection (1/0/-: detected/not detected/not in FoV)
Note (3): Field flags (21 characters)):
1 : in standard locus with 2sigma confidence,
0 : not in locus with 2sigma confidence,
- : not placed in relative diagram.
Flags refer to loci defined in the following planes, from left to right:
r-Ha vs. r-i (IPHAS),
R-Ha vs. V-I (Sung et al., 2008AJ....135..441S 2008AJ....135..441S, Cat. J/AJ/135/441),
R-Ha vs. R-I (Lamm et al., 2004A&A...417..557L 2004A&A...417..557L, Cat. J/A+A/417/557),
Ha(FWZI) vs. V-I (Bonito et al., 2020A&A...642A..56B 2020A&A...642A..56B, Cat. J/A+A/642/A56)
G vs. BP-RP,
I vs. V-I,
I vs. R-I,
J vs. J-H,
K vs. H-K,
J-H vs. H-K,
[3.6] vs. [3.6]-[4.5],
[8.0] vs. [4.5]-[8.0],
[24] vs. [4.5]-[8.0],
[3.6] vs. [3.6]-[24],
[3.6]-[5.8] vs. [4.5]-[8.0],
W1-W2 vs. W2-W3 (WISE),
vs. G,
PM_Dec vs. PM_RA,
PLX vs. G,
G - DM vs. BP-RP,
r vs. r-i (PS1)
Note (4): The sample(s) the star belong to: b, c, and c-wide (indicated by
the letter w.)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ACIS [1/1043] Source number
6- 7 I2 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
9- 10 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
12- 16 F5.2 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
18 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
19- 20 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
22- 23 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
25- 28 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
30- 32 F3.1 arcsec epos Statistical uncertainty on position
34- 39 F6.1 ct Cts Background-subtracted source counts
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Acknowledgements:
Ettore Flaccomio, ettore.flaccomio(at)inaf.it
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 19-Dec-2022