J/A+A/670/A84 Wolf 1069 RV and stellar activity indices (Kossakowski+, 2023)
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Wolf 1069 b:
Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star.
Kossakowski D., Kuerster M., Trifonov T., Henning T., Kemmer J.,
Caballero J.A., Burn R., Sabotta S., Crouse J.S., Fauchez T.J., Nagel E.,
Kaminski A., Herrero E., Rodriguez E., Gonzalez-Alvarez E., Quirrenbach A.,
Amado P.J., Ribas I., Reiners A., Aceituno J., Bejar V.J.S., Baroch D.,
Bastelberger S.T., Chaturvedi P., Cifuentes C., Dreizler S., Jeffers S.V.,
Kopparapu R., Lafarga M., Lopez-Gonzalez M.J., Martin-Ruiz S., Montes D.,
Morales J.C., Palle E., Pavlov A., Pedraz S., Perdelwitz V.,
Perez-Torres M., Perger M., Reffert S., Rodriguez Lopez C., Schlecker M.,
Schoefer P., Schweitzer A., Shan Y., Shields A., Stock S., Wolf E.,
Zapatero Osorio M.R., Zechmeister M.
<Astron. Astrophys. 670, A84 (2023)>
=2023A&A...670A..84K 2023A&A...670A..84K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Spectroscopy ;
Radial velocities ; Optical ; Stars, M-type
Keywords: methods: data analysis - planetary systems -
stars: individual: Wolf 1069 - stars: low-mass -
techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet
(Mbsini=1.36±0.21M⊕) on a 15.6d orbit of a relatively
nearby (d∼9.6pc) and low-mass (0.167±0.011M☉) M5.0V star, Wolf
1069. Sitting at a separation of 0.0672±0.0014au away from the host
star puts Wolf 1069b in the habitable zone (HZ), receiving an incident
flux of S=0.652±0.029S⊕. The planetary signal was detected
using telluric-corrected radial-velocity (RV) data from the CARMENES
spectrograph, amounting to a total of 262 spectroscopic observations
covering almost four years. There are additional long-period signals
in the RVs, one of which we attribute to the stellar rotation period.
This is possible thanks to our photometric analysis including new,
well-sampled monitoring campaigns undergone with the OSN and TJO
facilities that supplement archival photometry (i.e., from MEarth and
SuperWASP), and this yielded an updated rotational period range of
Prot=150-170d, with a likely value at 169.3+3.7-3.6d. The
stellar activity indicators provided by the CARMENES spectra likewise
demonstrate evidence for the slow rotation period, though not as
accurately due to possible factors such as signal aliasing or spot
evolution. Our detectability limits indicate that additional planets
more massive than one Earth mass with orbital periods of less than 10
days can be ruled out, suggesting that perhaps Wolf 1069b had a
violent formation history. This planet is also the 6th closest
Earth-mass planet situated in the conservative HZ, after Proxima
Centauri b, GJ 1061d, Teegarden's Star c, and GJ 1002 b and c. Despite
not transiting, Wolf 1069b is nonetheless a very promising target for
future three-dimensional climate models to investigate various
habitability cases as well as for sub-m/s RV campaigns to search for
potential inner sub-Earth-mass planets in order to test planet
formation theories.
Description:
CARMENES VIS radial-velocity and stellar activity indicator time
series of Wolf 1069. These were all processed with serval
(Zechmeister et al., 2018A&A...609A..12Z 2018A&A...609A..12Z). Photometric time series for
Wolf 1069 with the following facilities: SuperWASP, MEarth, OSN, TJO
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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20 26 05.30 +58 34 22.6 Wolf 1069 = GJ 1253
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
carm-act.dat 449 262 CARMENES-VIS stellar activity indicators
of Wolf 1069
carm-rv.dat 56 262 CARMENES-VIS radial velocities of Wolf 1069
(Table D2)
photlist.dat 78 11 List of light curve files
phot/* . 11 *Individual light curves
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Note on phot/*: Instrument photometry with year (2017, 2019, 2020) and filter
if provided (VRI) of Wolf 1069.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: carm-act.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 F13.5 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
15- 36 F22.17 --- CRX Chromatic index (in m/s/Np unit)
38- 56 F19.15 --- e_CRX Chromatic index uncertainty
(in m/s/Np unit)
58- 79 F22.18 1000m2/s2 dLW Differential line width
81- 99 F19.16 1000m2/s2 e_dLW Differential line width uncertainty
101-118 F18.16 --- CAIRT1 CaII-IRT1 index (8498.02) (-15,15)km/s
120-140 F21.19 --- e_CAIRT1 CaII-IRT1 index uncertainty
142-159 F18.16 --- CAIRT2 CaII-IRT2 index (8542.09) (-15,15)km/s
161-181 F21.19 --- e_CAIRT2 CaII-IRT2 index uncertainty
183-200 F18.16 --- CAIRT3 CaII-IRT3 index (8662.14) (-15,15)km/s
202-222 F21.19 --- e_CAIRT3 CaII-IRT3 index uncertainty
224-241 F18.16 --- Halpha Hα index
243-263 F21.19 --- e_Halpha Hα index uncertainty
265-274 F10.8 --- TiO7050 Photospheric TiO absorption band index
at 7050Å
276-296 F21.19 --- e_TiO7050 Photospheric TiO absorption band index
at 7050Å uncertainty
298-307 F10.8 --- TiO8430 Photospheric TiO absorption band index
at 8430Å index
309-329 F21.19 --- e_TiO8430 Photospheric TiO absorption band index
at 8430Å index uncertainty
331-340 F10.8 --- TiO8860 Photospheric TiO absorption band index
at 8860Å index
342-362 F21.19 --- e_TiO8860 Photospheric TiO absorption band index
at 8860Å index uncertainty
364-384 F21.17 m/s BIS CCF bisector velocity span
386-404 F19.16 m/s e_BIS CCF Bisector velocity span uncertainty
406-415 F10.8 % CTR CCF contrast
417-426 F10.8 % e_CTR CCF contrast uncertainty
428-438 F11.8 km/s FWHM CCF full width at half maximum
440-449 F10.8 km/s e_FWHM CCF full width at half maximum uncertainty
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: carm-rv.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 F18.10 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
20- 33 F14.10 m/s RV Radial velocity
35- 47 F13.10 m/s e_RV Radial velocity uncertainty
49- 56 A8 --- Inst Instrument
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: photlist.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Inst Instrument
14- 23 A10 --- Date1 Beginning date of observation
24 A1 --- --- [-]
25- 34 A10 --- Date2 Ending date of observation
36- 44 A9 --- Filter Filter
46- 78 A33 --- FileName Name of the file with photometry
in subdirectory phot
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: phot/*
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 F18.10 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
20- 37 F18.16 --- Flux Normalized flux
39- 60 F22.20 --- e_Flux Normalized flux uncertainty
62- 73 A12 --- Inst Instrument
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Acknowledgements:
Diana Kossakowski, diana.kossakowski(at)gmail.com
(End) Diana Kossakowski [MPIA, Germany], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 26-Jan-2023