J/A+A/671/A3 VERTICO III. Virgo cluster galaxies (Jimenez-Donaire+, 2023)
VERTICO III. The Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in Virgo cluster galaxies.
Jimenez-Donaire M., Brown T., Wilson C., Roberts I., Zabel N., Ellison S.L.,
Thorp M., Villanueva V., Chown R., Bisaria D., Bolatto A.D., Boselli A.,
Catinella B., Chung A., Cortese L., Davis T.A., Lagos C.D.P., Lee B.,
Parker L.C., Spekkens K., Stevens A.R.H., Sun J.
<Astron. Astrophys. 671, A3 (2023)>
=2023A&A...671A...3J 2023A&A...671A...3J (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, photometry ;
Photometry, ultraviolet ; Photometry, millimetric/submm ;
Carbon monoxide
Keywords: galaxies: ISM - galaxies: star formation - galaxies: general
Abstract:
In this Virgo Environment Traced in CO (VERTICO) science paper, we aim
to study how the star formation process depends on the galactic
environment and gravitational interactions in the context of galaxy
evolution. We explore the scaling relation between the star formation
rate surface density (ΣSFR) and the molecular gas surface
density (Σmol), also known as the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation,
in a subsample of Virgo cluster spiral galaxies.
We used new Atacama Compact Array and Total Power (ACA+TP)
observations from the VERTICO-Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter
Array (ALMA) Large Program at 720pc resolution to resolve the
molecular gas content, as traced by the 12CO(2-1) transition, across
the disks of 37 spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster. In combination
with archival UV and IR observations used to determine the star
formation rate (SFR), we estimated the parameters of the
Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation for the entire ensemble of galaxies,
and within individual galaxies.
We find the KS slope for the entire population to be N=0.97±0.07,
with a characteristic molecular gas depletion time of 1.86Gyr for our
full sample, which is in agreement with previous work in isolated,
nearby star-forming galaxies. In individual galaxies, we find that the
KS slope ranges between 0.69 and 1.40, and that typical star formation
efficiencies of molecular gas can vary from galaxy to galaxy by a
factor of ∼4. These galaxy-to-galaxy variations account for ∼0.20dex
in scatter in the ensemble KS relation, which is characterized by a
0.42dex scatter. In addition, we find that the HI-deficient galaxies
in the Virgo cluster show a steeper resolved KS relation and lower
molecular gas efficiencies than HI-normal cluster galaxies.
While the molecular gas content in galaxies residing in the Virgo
cluster appears - to first order - to behave similarly to that in
isolated galaxies, our VERTICO sample of galaxies shows that cluster
environments play a key role in regulating star formation. The
environmental mechanisms affecting the HI galaxy content also have a
direct impact on the star formation efficiency of molecular gas in
cluster galaxies, leading to longer depletion times in HI-deficient
members.
Description:
We provide the star formation rate surface density maps and the
molecular gas surface density maps for each VERTICO galaxy shown in
this paper. These are FITS files, and their units correspond to
M☉/pc2 in the case of molecular gas surface densities, and
M☉/yr/kpc2 for the star formation rate surface densities.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 60 37 VERTICO subsample of low-inclination
(i≤80°) galaxies
list.dat 201 72 List of fits images
fits/* . 72 Individual fits images
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See also:
J/ApJS/257/21 : VERTICO: Virgo EnviRonment Traced In CO survey (Brown+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- Galaxy Galaxy name
9- 10 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000) (1)
12- 13 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000) (1)
15- 16 I2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000) (1)
18 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)(1)
19- 20 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) (1)
22- 23 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) (1)
25- 26 I2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) (1)
28- 29 I2 deg i Optical inclination (2)
31- 33 I3 deg PA Position angle (2)
35- 38 F4.2 [Msun/yr] logSFR Average star formation rate (3)
40- 44 F5.2 [Msun] logM* Integrated stellar mass (3)
46- 50 F5.2 --- defHIM* HI deficiency (4)
52- 55 F4.2 --- E_defHIM* HI deficiency error (upper value)
57- 60 F4.2 --- e_defHIM* HI deficiency error (lower value)
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Note (1): The right ascension and declination of the galaxies optical centers
are taken from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database.
Note (2): The orientation parameters (optical inclinations and position angles)
are drawn from Brown et al. (2021ApJS..257...21B 2021ApJS..257...21B, Cat. J/ApJS/257/21), and
are calculated using fits to SDSS photometry.
Note (3): The average star formation rates and integrated stellar mass are
adopted from Leroy et al. (2019ApJS..244...24L 2019ApJS..244...24L, Cat. J/ApJS/244/24).
Note (4): HI deficiencies are adopted from Zabel et al. (2022ApJ...933...10Z 2022ApJ...933...10Z),
and are calculated using the predicted HI mass from field galaxies at
fixed stellar mass.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of center (J2000)
20- 22 I3 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
24- 26 I3 --- Ny Number of pixels along Y-axis
28- 53 A26 "datime" Obs.date Observation date
55- 57 I3 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
59-112 A54 --- FileName Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
114-201 A88 --- Title Title of the FITS file
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Acknowledgements:
Maria Jimenez-Donaire, mdonaire(at)oan.es
References:
Brown et al., Paper I 2021ApJS..257...21B 2021ApJS..257...21B, Cat. J/ApJS/257/21
Zabel et al., Paper II 2022ApJ...933...10Z 2022ApJ...933...10Z
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 08-Feb-2023