J/A+A/672/A33 Jupiter's Interior from Juno EOS (Howard+, 2023)
Jupiter's interior from Juno:
Equations-of-state uncertainties and dilute core extent.
Howard S., Guillot T., Bazot M., Miguel Y., Stevenson D.J., Galanti E.,
Kaspi Y., Hubbard W.B., Militzer B., Helled R., Nettelmann N., Idini B.,
Bolton S.
<Astron. Astrophys. 672, A33 (2023)>
=2023A&A...672A..33H 2023A&A...672A..33H (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Models ; Planets
Keywords: planets and satellites: interiors -
planets and satellites: gaseous planets -
planets and satellites: composition -
planets and satellites: Jupiter - equation of state
Abstract:
The Juno mission has provided measurements of Jupiter's gravity
field with an outstanding level of accuracy, leading to better
constraints on the interior of Jupiter. Improving our knowledge of the
internal structure of Jupiter is key to understand the formation and
the evolution of the planet but also in the framework of exoplanets
exploration.
This paper investigates the differences between the state-of-the-art
equations of state and their impact on the properties of interior
models. Accounting for uncertainty on the hydrogen and helium equation
of state, we assess the span of the interior features of Jupiter.
We carry out an extensive exploration of the parameter space and study
a wide range of interior models using MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo)
simulations. To consider the uncertainty on the equation of state, we
allow for modifications of the equation of state in our calculations.
Our models harbour a dilute core and indicate that Jupiter's
internal entropy is higher than what is usually assumed from the
Galileo probe measurements. We obtain solutions with extended dilute
cores but contrary to other recent interior models of Jupiter, we also
obtain models with small dilute cores. The dilute cores in such
solutions extend to ∼20% of Jupiter's mass, leading to a better
agreement with formation-evolution models.
We conclude that the used equations of state in Jupiter models have
crucial effect on the inferred structure and composition. Further
explorations of the behaviour of hydrogen-helium mixtures at
Jupiter's conditions will help constrain its interior, and therefore
its origin.
Description:
A selection of a few models are provided here, one for each equation
of state.
Additional data can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7598377
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
list.dat 63 5 List of models
CD21/* . 5 Individual files for a model using the CD21 EOS
HG23CMS19/* . 5 Individual files for a model using the HG23CMS19 EOS
HG23MLS22/* . 5 Individual files for a model using the HG23MLS22 EOS
MGF16MH13/* . 5 Individual files for a model using the MGF16+MH13 EOS
MH13star/* . 5 Individual files for a model using the MH13star EOS
*/jup.csv . 5 EOS jup.csv files
*/jup_js.csv . 5 EOS jup_js.csv files
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description of file:
For */jup.ini
mplanet = Mass of the planet
mnoyau = Mass of the core
p_ice = Fraction of ices in the core
omega = Multiplication factor for the rotation rate
comp_type = Composition type
nbelem = Number of elements
yproto = Protosolar He mass mixing ratio
yatm = Outer He mass mixing ratio
zatm = Outer heavy elements mass mixing ratio
zdeep = Inner heavy elements mass mixing ratio
core_type = Type of core (compact or dilute)
mdilute = Extent of the dilute core
deltamdil = Slope of the Z-gradient in the dilute core
zdilute = Maximum heavy elements mass mixing ratio in the dilute core
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Rep Repertory name
11-110 A100 --- Title Explanation for the repertory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file (#): */jup.csv
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 E18.12 --- M_MTOT Normalised mass
19 A1 --- --- [,]
20- 37 E18.12 --- R_RTOT Normalised mean radius
38 A1 --- --- [,]
39- 56 E18.12 --- MATM_MTOT Cumulative mass
57 A1 --- --- [,]
58- 75 E18.12 --- RATM_RTOT Cumulative mean radius
76 A1 --- --- [,]
77- 94 E18.12 g M_G Total mass
95 A1 --- --- [,]
96-113 E18.12 cm R_CM Radius
114 A1 --- --- [,]
115-132 E18.12 cm REQ_CM Equatorial radius
133 A1 --- --- [,]
134-151 E18.12 dyn/cm2 P_CGS Pressure
152 A1 --- --- [,]
153-170 E18.12 K T_K Temperature
171 A1 --- --- [,]
172-189 E18.12 g/cm3 RHO_GCC Density
190 A1 --- --- [,]
191-208 E18.12 10-7W L_CGS Luminosity (erg/s)
209 A1 --- --- [,]
210-227 E18.12 10-7J/g/K S_CGS Entropy (erg/g/K)
228 A1 --- --- [,]
229-246 E18.12 cm2/g KROSS_CGS Rosseland opacity
247 A1 --- --- [,]
248-265 E18.12 --- GRADT Temperature gradient
266 A1 --- --- [,]
267-284 E18.12 --- GRADAD Adiabatic gradient
285 A1 --- --- [,]
286-303 E18.12 --- GRADRAD Radiative gradient
304 A1 --- --- [,]
305-322 E18.12 --- TAUV Opacity
323 A1 --- --- [,]
324-341 E18.12 cm/s VSOUND_CGS Sound speed
342 A1 --- --- [,]
343-360 E18.12 --- CP_CGS Heat capacity
361 A1 --- --- [,]
362-379 E18.12 --- X H mass mixing ratio
380 A1 --- --- [,]
381-398 E18.12 --- Y He mass mixing ratio
399 A1 --- --- [,]
400-417 E18.12 --- Z Z mass mixing ratio
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file (#): */jup_js.csv
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- NLAYERS Number of layers
6 A1 --- --- [,]
8 I1 --- SPLORDER Spline order
9 A1 --- --- [,]
10- 24 F15.8 --- PREC Precision constant
25 A1 --- --- [,]
26 I1 --- PPT Presence of a plasma phase transition
27 A1 --- --- [,]
28- 42 E15.10 g M_G Total mass
43 A1 --- --- [,]
44- 58 E15.10 g MCORE_G Mass of the core
59 A1 --- --- [,]
60- 71 E12.7 --- ICEFRAC Fraction of ices in the core
72 A1 --- --- [,]
73- 84 E12.7 --- OMEGA_1S Angular velocity
85 A1 --- --- [,]
86- 87 I2 --- NBELEM Number of elements
88 A1 --- --- [,]
89-100 E12.7 --- YZ1 Protosolar He mass mixing ratio
101 A1 --- --- [,]
102-113 E12.7 --- YZ2 Outer He mass mixing ratio
114 A1 --- --- [,]
115-126 E12.7 --- YZ3 Outer Ices mass mixing ratio
127 A1 --- --- [,]
128-139 E12.7 --- YZ4 Outer Rocks mass mixing ratio
140 A1 --- --- [,]
141-152 E12.7 --- YZ5 Inner Ices mass mixing ratio
153 A1 --- --- [,]
154-165 E12.7 --- YZ6 Inner Rocks mass mixing ratio
166 A1 --- --- [,]
167-181 E15.10 cm RADMEAN_CM Mean radius
182 A1 --- --- [,]
183-197 E15.10 cm RADCHORD_CM Photospheric radius
198 A1 --- --- [,]
199-213 E15.10 cm REQ_CM Equatorial radius
214 A1 --- --- [,]
215-229 E15.10 cm REQOBS_CM Observed equatorial radius
230 A1 --- --- [,]
231-245 E15.10 cm REQNOOFFCM Equatorial radius w/o offset
246 A1 --- --- [,]
247-261 E15.10 --- J2 J2
262 A1 --- --- [,]
263-277 E15.10 --- J2OBS Observed J2
278 A1 --- --- [,]
279-293 E15.10 --- J2_NOOFF J2 w/o offset
294 A1 --- --- [,]
295-309 E15.10 --- J4 J4
310 A1 --- --- [,]
311-325 E15.10 --- J4OBS Observed J4
326 A1 --- --- [,]
327-341 E15.10 --- J4_NOOFF J4 w/o offset
342 A1 --- --- [,]
343-357 E15.10 --- J6 J6
358 A1 --- --- [,]
359-373 E15.10 --- J6OBS Observed J6
374 A1 --- --- [,]
375-389 E15.10 --- J6_NOOFF J6 w/o offset
390 A1 --- --- [,]
391-405 E15.10 --- J8 J8
406 A1 --- --- [,]
407-421 E15.10 --- J8OBS Observed J8
422 A1 --- --- [,]
423-437 E15.10 --- J8_NOOFF J8 w/o offset
438 A1 --- --- [,]
439-453 E15.10 --- J10 J10
454 A1 --- --- [,]
455-469 E15.10 --- J10OBS Observed J10
470 A1 --- --- [,]
471-485 E15.10 --- J10_NOOFF J10 w/o offset
486 A1 --- --- [,]
487-501 E15.10 --- J12 J12
502 A1 --- --- [,]
503-517 E15.10 --- J12OBS Observed J12
518 A1 --- --- [,]
519-533 E15.10 --- J12_NOOFF J12 w/o offset
534 A1 --- --- [,]
535-549 E15.10 --- MDILUTE Extent of the dilute core
550 A1 --- --- [,]
551-565 E15.10 --- DELTAMDIL Slope of the Z gradient in the dilute core
566 A1 --- --- [,]
567-581 E15.10 --- ZDILUTE_ICES Maximum mass mixing ratio of ices in
the dilute core
582 A1 --- --- [,]
583-597 E15.10 --- ZDILUTE_ROCKS Maximum mass mixing ratio of rocks in
the dilute core
598 A1 --- --- [,]
599-613 E15.10 --- YDILUTE He mass mixing ratio in the dilute core
614 A1 --- --- [,]
615-629 E15.10 --- FADIABATIC Adiabatic coefficient
630 A1 --- --- [,]
631-645 E15.10 Mjup MXY1 Mass of H and He in the outer region
646 A1 --- --- [,]
647-661 E15.10 Mjup MI1 Mass of ices in the outer region
662 A1 --- --- [,]
663-677 E15.10 Mjup MR1 Mass of rocks in the outer region
678 A1 --- --- [,]
679-693 E15.10 Mjup MXY23 Mass of H and He in the inner region
694 A1 --- --- [,]
695-709 E15.10 Mjup MI2_ERF1 Mass of ices in the inner region (erf(1))
710 A1 --- --- [,]
711-725 E15.10 Mjup MR2_ERF1 Mass of rocks in the inner region (erf(1))
726 A1 --- --- [,]
727-741 E15.10 Mjup MI2_ERF2 Mass of ices in the inner region (erf(2))
742 A1 --- --- [,]
743-757 E15.10 Mjup MR2_ERF2 Mass of rocks in the inner region (erf(2))
758 A1 --- --- [,]
759-773 E15.10 Mjup MIDIL_ERF1 Mass of ices in the dilute core (erf(1))
774 A1 --- --- [,]
775-789 E15.10 Mjup MRDIL_ERF1 Mass of rocks in the dilute core (erf(1))
790 A1 --- --- [,]
791-805 E15.10 Mjup MIDIL_ERF2 Mass of ices in the dilute core (erf(2))
806 A1 --- --- [,]
807-821 E15.10 Mjup MRDIL_ERF2 Mass of rocks in the dilute core (erf(2))
822 A1 --- --- [,]
823-837 E15.10 Mjup MI23_ZDEEP Mass of ices in the envelope where
z<yz3+yz4
838 A1 --- --- [,]
839-853 E15.10 Mjup MR23_ZDEEP Mass of rocks in the envelope where
z<yz3+yz4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Saburo Howard, saburo.howard(at)oca.eu
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 09-Feb-2023