J/A+A/676/A24 The LOFAR HBA Virgo Cluster Survey (Edler+, 2023)
ViCTORIA project: The LOFAR HBA Virgo Cluster Survey.
Edler H.W., de Gasperin F., Shimwell T.W., Hardcastle M.J., Boselli A.,
Heesen V., McCall H., Bomans D.J., Brueggen M., Bulbul E., Chyzy K.T.,
Ignesti A., Merloni A., Pacaud F., Reiprich T.H., Roberts I.D.,
Rottgering H.J.A., van Weeren R.J.
<Astron. Astrophys. 676, A24 (2023)>
=2023A&A...676A..24E 2023A&A...676A..24E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, radio ; Radio continuum
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo Cluster -
radio continuum: general - catalogs
Abstract:
The Virgo cluster is the nearest (d=16.5Mpc) massive
(M≥1*1914M☉) galaxy cluster and thus a prime target to study
astrophysical processes in dense large-scale environments. In the
radio band, we can probe the non-thermal components of the
inter-stellar medium (ISM), intracluster-medium (ICM) and of active
galactic nuclei (AGN). This allows an investigation of the impact of
the environment on the evolution of galaxies and the contribution of
AGN to the ICM-heating. With the ViCTORIA (Virgo
Clustermulti-Telescope Observations in Radio of Interacting galaxies
and AGN) project, we are carrying out multiple wide-field surveys of
the Virgo cluster at different frequencies.
We aim to investigate the impact of the environment on the evolution
of galaxies and the contribution of AGN to the ICM-heating, from the
inner cluster regions out to beyond the virial radius.
We perform a survey of the cluster at 120-168MHz using the
LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR). We image a 132deg2 region of the
cluster, reaching an order of magnitude greater sensitivity than
existing wide-field radio surveys of this field at three times higher
spatial resolution compared to other low-frequency observations. We
developed a tailored data processing strategy to subtract the bright
central radio galaxy M 87 from the data. This allowed us to correct
for the systematic effects due to ionospheric variation as a function
of time and direction.
In the final mosaic with a resolution of 9"x5", we reach a median
noise level of 140uJy/beam inside the virial radius and 280uJy/beam
for the full area. We detect 112 Virgo member galaxies and 114
background galaxies. In at least 18 cases, the radio morphology of the
cluster member galaxies shows clear signs of ram-pressure stripping.
This includes three previously unreported candidates. In addition, we
reveal for the first time 150kpc long tails from a previous epoch of
AGN activity for NGC 4472 (M 49).While no cluster-scale diffuse radio
sources are discovered, we find the presence of an extended radio
signature of the W'-group. This feature is coincident with an X-ray
filament detected with SRG/eROSITA in the outskirts of the cluster. We
speculate that this emission is synchrotron radiation which could be
related to shocks or turbulence from accretion processes.
The data published in this paper serve as a valuable resource for
future studies. In the follow-up work of the ViCTORIA project, we will
rely on them for an analysis of environmental effects on the
radio-properties of star-forming galaxies in Virgo.
Description:
Catalog of Virgo cluster galaxies detected at 144 MHz in the LOFAR HBA Virgo
cluster survey. For each galaxy, the ID in the VCC, NGC and IC, the flux
density measured from the 20" image, the area of the radio source and the
spectral luminosity are reported. Further, we list as auxilliary information
the equatorial coordinates of the optical counterpart, the Hubble-
classification and the magnitude in r-band, which are taken from Kim et al.
(2014ApJS..215...22K 2014ApJS..215...22K, Cat. J/ApJS/215/22).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 160 112 Catalog of Virgo cluster galaxies detected at
144MHz in the LOFAR HBA Virgo cluster survey,
members
table4.dat 109 114 Catalog of Virgo cluster galaxies detected at
144MHz in the LOFAR HBA Virgo cluster survey,
background
list.dat 91 224 List of fits images
fits/* . 224 Individual fits image
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See also:
J/AJ/90/1681 : The Virgo Cluster Catalog (VCC) (Binggeli+, 1985)
J/ApJS/215/22 : The Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog (EVCC) (Kim+, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- VCC ?=0 ID in the Virgo Cluster Catalog
(Binggeli et al., 1985AJ.....90.1681B 1985AJ.....90.1681B,
Cat. J/AJ/90/1681)
6- 10 A5 --- NGC ID in the NGC catalog
12- 16 A5 --- IC ID in the IC catalog
18- 25 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) in the optical
catalog of Kim et al. (2014ApJS..215...22K 2014ApJS..215...22K,
Cat. J/ApJS/215/22
27- 33 F7.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) in the optical catalog
of Kim et al. (2014ApJS..215...22K 2014ApJS..215...22K,
Cat. J/ApJS/215/22
35- 46 A12 --- MType1 Primary morphology of Kim et al.
(2014ApJS..215...22K 2014ApJS..215...22K, Cat. J/ApJS/215/22
48- 52 F5.2 mag rmag r-band magnitude of Kim et al.
(2014ApJS..215...22K 2014ApJS..215...22K, Cat. J/ApJS/215/22
54- 62 F9.4 Jy Slow 144MHz flux density in the
low-resolution image
64- 71 F8.4 Jy e_Slow Uncertainty of the 144 MHz flux density
73- 78 I6 arcsec+2 Area Radio source area
80- 85 F6.2 Mpc Dist ?=- Distance (1)
87- 97 E11.6 W/Hz L144 144MHz spectral luminosity
99-109 E11.6 W/Hz e_L144 Uncertainty on the 144MHz spectral luminosity
111-135 A25 --- Imghigh Filename of high resolution image,
in subdirectory fits, for members
137-160 A24 --- Imglow Filename of low resolution image,
in subdirectory fits, for members
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Note (1): Galaxies are assigned the distance of their respective sub-structure
as in Boselli et al. (2014A&A...570A..69B 2014A&A...570A..69B, Cat. J/A+A/570/A69).
For consistency with VESTIGE Boselli et al. (2018A&A...614A..56B 2018A&A...614A..56B) and
NGVS Ferrarese et al. (2012ApJS..200....4F 2012ApJS..200....4F) we assume a distance of 16.5Mpc
to the sub-clusters A, B and the LVC. Galaxies which are not assigned to a
Virgo cluster sub-structure have radial-velocity infered distances.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of center (J2000)
20- 23 I4 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
25- 28 I4 --- Ny Number of pixels along Y-axis
30- 35 I6 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
37- 61 A25 --- FileName Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
63- 91 A29 --- Title Title of the FITS file
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Acknowledgements:
Henrik Edler, henrik.edler(at)hs.uni-hamburg.de
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 07-Jun-2023