J/A+A/678/A27 z-GAL dust continuum properties (Ismail+, 2023)
z-GAL: A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies.
II. Dust properties.
Ismail D., Beelen A., Buat V., Berta S., Cox P., Stanley F., Young A.,
Jin S., Neri R., Bakx T., Dannerbauer H., Butler K., Cooray A., Nanni A.,
Omont A., Serjeant S., van der Werf P., Vlahakis C., Weiss A., Yang C.,
Baker A.J., Bendo G., Borsato E., Chartab M., Dye S., Eales S., Gavazzi R.,
Hughes D., Ivison R., Jones B.M., Krips M., Lehnert M., Marchetti L.,
Messias H., Negrello M., Perez-Fournon I., Riechers D.A., Urquhart S.
<Astron. Astrophys. 678, A27 (2023)>
=2023A&A...678A..27I 2023A&A...678A..27I (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Millimetric/submm sources ; Galaxies, IR ; Redshifts ;
Photometry, millimetric/submm
Keywords: galaxies: high redshift - galaxies: evolution - infrared: galaxies -
submillimeter: galaxies
Abstract:
We present the dust properties of 125 bright Herschel galaxies
selected from the z-GAL NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey. All the
galaxies have precise spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.3<z<5.4.
The large instantaneous bandwidth of NOEMA provides an exquisite
sampling of the underlying dust continuum emission at 2 and 3mm in the
observed frame, with flux densities in at least four sidebands for
each source. Together with the available Herschel 250, 350, and 500um
and SCUBA-2 850um flux densities, the spectral energy distribution
(SED) of each source can be analyzed from the far-infrared to the
millimeter, with a fine sampling of the Rayleigh-Jeans tail. This
wealth of data provides a solid basis to derive robust dust
properties, in particular the dust emissivity index (β) and the
dust temperature (Tdust). In order to demonstrate our ability to
constrain the dust properties, we used a flux-generated mock catalog
and analyzed the results under the assumption of an optically thin and
optically thick modified black body emission. The robustness of the
SED sampling for the z-GAL sources is highlighted by the mock analysis
that showed high accuracy in estimating the continuum dust properties.
These findings provided the basis for our detailed analysis of the
z-GAL continuum data. We report a range of dust emissivities with
β∼1.5-3 estimated up to high precision with relative
uncertainties that vary in the range 7%-15%, and an average of
2.2±0.3. We find dust temperatures varying from 20 to 50K with an
average of Tdust∼30K for the optically thin case and Tdust∼38K in
the optically thick case. For all the sources, we estimate the dust
masses and apparent infrared luminosities (based on the optically thin
approach). An inverse correlation is found between Tdust and β
with β∝T-0.69dust, which is similar to what is seen
in the local Universe. Finally, we report an increasing trend in the
dust temperature as a function of redshift at a rate of 6.5±0.5K/z
for this 500um-selected sample. Based on this study, future prospects
are outlined to further explore the evolution of dust temperature
across cosmic time.
Description:
Observational results are presented for 137 sub-millimeter bright
galaxies from the Herschel Astrophysical Large Area Survey, HerMES
Large Mode Survey, and Herschel Bright Soures. For these sources we
provide the 2 and 3-mm (and 1-mm for one source) continuum fluxes. For
a subset of 125 galaxies, we provide the infrared luminosities, dust
masses, dust temperatures, and spectral emissivity indices.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 580 175 Observed continuum positions, spectroscopic
redshifts and flux densities
tableb1.dat 80 125 Infrared luminosities, dust masses, dust
temperatures, and spectral emissivity
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See also:
J/MNRAS/473/1751 : Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) (Bakx+, 2018)
J/A+A/635/A7 : NOEMA redshift of bright Herschel galaxies (Neri+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Source HeLMS/HerS/HerBS catalogues source names
13 A1 --- Note [+bc] Note on Source (1)
14- 15 I2 h RAh ? Right ascension (J2000)
17- 18 I2 min RAm ? Right ascension (J2000)
20- 24 F5.2 s RAs ? Right ascension (J2000)
26 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
27- 28 I2 deg DEd ? Declination (J2000)
30- 31 I2 arcmin DEm ? Declination (J2000)
33- 36 F4.1 arcsec DEs ? Declination (J2000)
38- 45 F8.4 --- zsp ? Spectroscopic redshift
46 A1 --- n_zsp [a] Note on zsp (2)
47- 52 F6.2 mJy S74.55GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 74.55GHz (3)
54- 59 F6.2 mJy e_S74.55GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 74.55GHz
61- 66 F6.2 mJy S76.262GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 76.262GHz (3)
68- 73 F6.2 mJy e_S76.262GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 76.262GHz
75- 80 F6.2 mJy S79.766GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 79.766GHz (3)
82- 87 F6.2 mJy e_S79.766GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 79.766GHz
89- 94 F6.2 mJy S87.508GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 87.508GHz (3)
96-101 F6.2 mJy e_S87.508GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 87.508GHz
103-109 F7.3 mJy S88.256GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 88.256GHz (3)
111-117 F7.3 mJy e_S88.256GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 88.256GHz
119-124 F6.2 mJy S90.036GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.036GHz (3)
126-131 F6.2 mJy e_S90.036GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.036GHz
133-138 F6.2 mJy S90.037GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.037GHz (3)
140-145 F6.2 mJy e_S90.037GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.037GHz
147-152 F6.2 mJy S90.041GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.041GHz (3)
154-159 F6.2 mJy e_S90.041GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.041GHz
161-166 F6.2 mJy S90.049GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.049GHz (3)
168-173 F6.2 mJy e_S90.049GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.049GHz
175-180 F6.2 mJy S90.05GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.05GHz (3)
182-187 F6.2 mJy e_S90.05GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.05GHz
189-194 F6.2 mJy S90.051GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.051GHz (3)
196-201 F6.2 mJy e_S90.051GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.051GHz
203-208 F6.2 mJy S90.765GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 90.765GHz (3)
210-215 F6.2 mJy e_S90.765GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 90.765GHz
217-222 F6.2 mJy S91.75GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 91.75GHz (3)
224-229 F6.2 mJy e_S91.75GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 91.75GHz
231-236 F6.2 mJy S93.5GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 93.5GHz (3)
238-243 F6.2 mJy e_S93.5GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 93.5GHz
245-250 F6.2 mJy S94.843GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 94.843GHz (3)
252-257 F6.2 mJy e_S94.843GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 94.843GHz
259-264 F6.2 mJy S95.254GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 95.254GHz (3)
266-271 F6.2 mJy e_S95.254GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 95.254GHz
273-278 F6.2 mJy S96.0GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 96.0GHz (3)
280-285 F6.2 mJy e_S96.0GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 96.0GHz
287-292 F6.2 mJy S97.356GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 97.356GHz (3)
294-299 F6.2 mJy e_S97.356GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 97.356GHz
301-306 F6.2 mJy S102.996GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 102.996GHz (3)
308-313 F6.2 mJy e_S102.996GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 102.996GHz
315-321 F7.3 mJy S103.744GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 103.744GHz (3)
323-328 F6.2 mJy e_S103.744GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 103.744GHz
330-335 F6.2 mJy S106.253GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 106.253GHz (3)
337-342 F6.2 mJy e_S106.253GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 106.253GHz
344-349 F6.2 mJy S108.988GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 108.988GHz (3)
351-356 F6.2 mJy e_S108.988GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 108.988GHz
358-363 F6.2 mJy S110.331GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 110.331GHz (3)
365-370 F6.2 mJy e_S110.331GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 110.331GHz
372-377 F6.2 mJy S111.488GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 111.488GHz (3)
379-384 F6.2 mJy e_S111.488GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 111.488GHz
386-391 F6.2 mJy S112.844GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 112.844GHz (3)
393-398 F6.2 mJy e_S112.844GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 112.844GHz
400-405 F6.2 mJy S131.25GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 131.25GHz (3)
407-412 F6.2 mJy e_S131.25GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 131.25GHz
414-419 F6.2 mJy S131.256GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 131.256GHz (3)
421-426 F6.2 mJy e_S131.256GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 131.256GHz
428-433 F6.2 mJy S139.0GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 139.0GHz (3)
435-440 F6.2 mJy e_S139.0GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 139.0GHz
442-447 F6.2 mJy S139.002GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 139.002GHz (3)
449-454 F6.2 mJy e_S139.002GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 139.002GHz
456-461 F6.2 mJy S139.013GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 139.013GHz (3)
463-468 F6.2 mJy e_S139.013GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 139.013GHz
470-475 F6.2 mJy S146.738GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 146.738GHz (3)
477-482 F6.2 mJy e_S146.738GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 146.738GHz
484-489 F6.2 mJy S146.744GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 146.744GHz (3)
491-496 F6.2 mJy e_S146.744GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 146.744GHz
498-503 F6.2 mJy S146.837GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 146.837GHz (3)
505-510 F6.2 mJy e_S146.837GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 146.837GHz
512-517 F6.2 mJy S154.49GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 154.49GHz (3)
519-524 F6.2 mJy e_S154.49GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 154.49GHz
526-531 F6.2 mJy S154.501GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 154.501GHz (3)
533-538 F6.2 mJy e_S154.501GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 154.501GHz
540-545 F6.2 mJy S162.325GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 162.325GHz (3)
547-552 F6.2 mJy e_S162.325GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 162.325GHz
554-559 F6.2 mJy S216.719GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 216.719GHz (3)
561-566 F6.2 mJy e_S216.719GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 216.719GHz
568-573 F6.2 mJy S232.207GHz ?=-99.99 Flux at 232.207GHz (3)
575-580 F6.2 mJy e_S232.207GHz ?=-99.99 1-sigma flux error at 232.207GHz
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Note (1): Note as follow:
+ = Fluxes of multiples in the field of view at the same redshift are
added (see Sect. 2.2) without position.
b = HerBS-105 SW is the only component used in the analysis. The NE1 and
NE2 components are very weak with only upper limits the do not
contribute to the total flux.
c = HerS-9 is a foreground galaxy that is discarded from the analysis
Note (2): HerS-19 and HerBS-82 have tentative redshift values, thus discarded
from the analysis.
Note (3): Fluxes and errors are the measured values within the aperture.
Fluxes and errors of sources not observed at a given frequency are -99.99
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Source HeLMS/HerS/HerBS catalogues source names
11- 16 F6.4 --- zspec Spectroscopic redshift
18- 21 F4.2 --- beta Spectral emissivity index
23- 26 F4.2 --- E_beta Spectral emissivity index error (84th percentile)
28- 31 F4.2 --- e_beta Spectral emissivity index error (16th percentile)
33- 37 F5.2 K Tdust Dust temperature
39- 43 F5.2 K E_Tdust Dust temperature error (84th percentile)
45- 48 F4.2 K e_Tdust Dust temperature error (16th percentile)
50- 54 F5.2 Msun muMdust Dust mass (1)
56- 59 F4.2 Msun E_muMdust Dust mass error (84th percentile) (1)
61- 64 F4.2 Msun e_muMdust Dust mass error (16th percentile) (1)
66- 70 F5.2 Lsun muLFIR FIR luminosity (50-1000um) (2)
72- 75 F4.2 Lsun E_muLFIR FIR luminosity (50-1000um) error
(84th percentile) (2)
77- 80 F4.2 Lsun e_muLFIR FIR luminosity (50-1000um) error
(16th percentile) (2)
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Note (1): The dust mass and its corresponding uncertainties are not corrected
for the magnification factor mu (mu is the magnification factor).
Note (2): The FIR luminosity and its corresponding uncertainties are not
corrected for the magnification factor mu (mu is the magnification factor).
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Acknowledgements:
Diana Ismail, diana.ismail(at)lam.fr
References:
Cox et al., Paper I 2023A&A...678A..26C 2023A&A...678A..26C
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 16-Aug-2023